The Chetniks in the Balkan Wars, were
paramilitary groups issued of the
Serbian Chetnik Organization
Serbian may refer to:
* someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe
* someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people
* Serbian language
* Serbian names
See also
*
*
* Old Serbian (disambiguation) ...
which, after fighting in the
Macedonian Struggle
The Macedonian Struggle ( bg, Македонска борба; el, Μακεδονικός Αγώνας; mk, Борба за Македонија; sr, Борба за Македонију; tr, Makedonya Mücadelesi) was a series of social, po ...
, came under the supervision of the
Royal Serbian Army
The Army of the Kingdom of Serbia ( sr-cyr, Војска Краљевине Србије, Vojska Kraljevine Srbije), known in English as the Royal Serbian Army, was the army of the Kingdom of Serbia that existed between 1882 and 1918, succeed ...
as
auxiliary force
Auxiliaries are support personnel that assist the military or police but are organised differently from regular forces. Auxiliary may be military volunteers undertaking support functions or performing certain duties such as garrison troops, usu ...
. During the Balkan Wars, the Chetniks detachments were used as a
vanguard to soften up the enemy forward of advancing armies, for attacks on communications behind enemy lines, as field
gendarmerie and to establish basic administration in occupied areas. They were used in both Balkan Wars.
Background
The Chetniks were members of Serbian irregular units that were active following
Serbia's struggle for independence against the Turks in the nineteenth century starting with the
Macedonian Struggle
The Macedonian Struggle ( bg, Македонска борба; el, Μακεδονικός Αγώνας; mk, Борба за Македонија; sr, Борба за Македонију; tr, Makedonya Mücadelesi) was a series of social, po ...
. Those guerrilla detachments, known to the Ottomans as
Komitadji
Komitadji, Comitadjis, or Komitas ( Bulgarian, Macedonian and sr, Комити, Serbian Latin: ''Komiti'', ro, Comitagiu, gr, Κομιτατζής, plural: Κομιτατζήδες, tr, Komitacı, sq, Komit) means in Turkish "committee me ...
, first fought for the liberation of Christian territories from imperial
Ottoman rule then mostly against rival komitadji bands in
Ottoman Macedonia such as the Bulgarian
IMRO
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO; bg, Вътрешна Македонска Революционна Организация (ВМРО), translit=Vatrešna Makedonska Revoljucionna Organizacija (VMRO); mk, Внатр� ...
as both group aimed to maintain and assert their respective national interests in Macedonia. The Chetniks were territorially based fighting forces, organised into small bands and under the command of a
Vojvoda (Field Marshal).
Operational history
At the outbreak of the
Balkan War
The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan States in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan States of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and def ...
, two Chetnik detachments were set up in Macedonia under Serbian high command: the Kozjak detachment, under Voivoda
Vojin Popović
Vojin Popović, known as Vojvoda Vuk ( sr, Војин Поповић, војвода Вук; 9 December 1881 – 29 November 1916) was a Serbian ''voivode'' (military commander), who fought for the Macedonian Serb Chetniks (i.e. komiti) in the ...
(known as Vojvoda Vuk ) covering an area stretching from
Skopska Crna Gora
tr, Karadağ, italics=no
, photo = Skopska Crna Gora-MKD.JPG
, photo_caption =
, photo_size = 250
, highest = Ramno
, elevation_m = 1651
, elevation_ref =
, prominence_m =
, prominence_ref =
, listing =
, location = North Macedonia ...
to
Kriva Palanka
Kriva Palanka ( mk, Крива Паланка ) is a town located in the northeastern part of North Macedonia. It has 14,558 inhabitants. The town of Kriva Palanka is the seat of Kriva Palanka Municipality which has almost 21,000 inhabitants.
...
, a force of 11 companies, and the Transvardar detachment, under the command of military commander Voivoda
Milivoje Čolak-Antić, which covered the area of Azot,
Porecie,
Kicevo and
Debar
Debar ( mk, Дебaр ; Albanian: ''Dibër''/''Dibra'' or ''Dibra e Madhe;'' ) is a city in the western part of North Macedonia, near the border with Albania, off the road from Struga to Gostivar. It is the seat of Debar Municipality. Debar has a ...
and was composed of 16 companies.
During the Serbian mobilization, the Chetnik
detachments of the Serbian 3rd Army included: ''Medveđa'', detachment headed by captain
Dušan Sekulić
Dušan ( sr-Cyrl, Душан) is a Slavic given name primarily used in countries of Yugoslavia; and among Slovaks and Czechs. The name is derived from the Slavic noun ''duša'' "soul".
Occurrence
In Serbia, it was the 29th most popular name ...
,
Ljubomir Vulović
Ljubomir Vulović ( sr-cyr, Љубомир Вуловић, 6 January 1876 – 27 June 1917), known by his nickname Ljuba (Љуба), was an artillery major in the Serbian Army, conspirator of the May Coup, and member of the Black Hand.
Life
Lj ...
and
Nikodim Racić Nikodim is a masculine given name which may refer to:
* Saint Nikodim I (died 1325), Eastern Orthodox saint, 10th Metropolitan of Peć and Archbishop of the Serbs
* Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov) of Leningrad (1929–1978), Metropolitan of Leningrad ...
(Lisica-Prapaštice-Priština), and detachment headed by
Božin Simić Božin Simić (1881–1966) was a veteran of the struggle for Macedonia and Old Serbia, member of the Black Hand, a volunteer in the Balkan Wars and World War I, and prior to World War II became a Communist spy, a traitor to the Kingdom of Yugosl ...
(Svirci-Novo Brdo-Kačanik); ''Kuršumlija'', under the command of captain and Chetnik vojvoda
Vojislav Tankosić
Vojislav Tankosić ( sr-cyr, Војислав Танкосић, 20 September 1880 – 2 November 1915) was a Serbian military officer, ''vojvoda'' of the Serbian Chetnik Organization, major of the Serbian Army, and member of the Black Hand, who ...
and captain
Dragutin Nikolić
Dragutin (Cyrillic: Драгутин) is a masculine given name.
Those bearing it include:
* Stephen Dragutin of Serbia
* Dragutin Topić
* Dragutin Dimitrijević
* Dragutin Mitić
* Dragutin Tadijanović
* Dragutin Šurbek
* Dragutin Lerma ...
(Kuršumlija-Merdare-Malo Kosovo-Štimlje-Crnoljeva-Prizren-Ljuma); ''Lukovo'', under the command of captain
Pavle Blažarić (Lukovo-Madljika-Drenica); and ''Kolašin'', under the command of ''prota''
Vukajlo Božović
Vukajlo Božović ( sr-cyr, Вукајло Божовић; d. 1926), known as Priest Vukajlo (поп Вукајло) was a Serbian Orthodox priest and revolutionary. Božović participated in the Balkan Wars, as a commander of a detachment in Iba ...
.
Alongside these detachments, were two smaller ones located at the front of the Ibar Army, the first headed by reserve lieutenant
Panta Miladinović, the second headed by Chetnik vojvoda
Živko Gvozdić.
[ The commander of all these detachments was major Marjanović.][
Other notable detachments:
*Laplje Detachment, commanded by ]Vojislav Tankosić
Vojislav Tankosić ( sr-cyr, Војислав Танкосић, 20 September 1880 – 2 November 1915) was a Serbian military officer, ''vojvoda'' of the Serbian Chetnik Organization, major of the Serbian Army, and member of the Black Hand, who ...
* Third Army Detachments of Major Alimpije Marjanović
Images
File:Војвода Мирко Ђупић са четом, 1912.jpg, Mirko Đupić's unit, 1912
Vojvoda Tankosić with his band, Balkan Wars.jpg, Vojislav Tankosić
Vojislav Tankosić ( sr-cyr, Војислав Танкосић, 20 September 1880 – 2 November 1915) was a Serbian military officer, ''vojvoda'' of the Serbian Chetnik Organization, major of the Serbian Army, and member of the Black Hand, who ...
's unit, 1912
Stefan Nedić-Ćela and his band.jpg, Stefan Nedić-Ćela's unit, 1912–13
References
Sources
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{{Chetniks in the Balkan Wars
Military units and formations of Serbia in the Balkan Wars
Auxiliary military units