The Catocalinae are a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

of noctuoid

moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of w ...

s, placed in

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths. They are considered the most controversial family in the superfamily Noctuoidea because many of the clades are constantly changing, along with the other f ...

. In the alternative arrangement, where the Noctuidae are reduced to the core group around the

Noctuinae The Noctuinae are a subfamily of the family Noctuidae, and is composed of moths. The larvae of many species feed on roots or stems of various grasses. Some are generalist feeders which makes them potential pests. Noctuid systematics is in a ...

, the present lineage is abolished, the upranked

Catocalini The Catocalini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. Adults of many species in the tribe are called underwing moths due to their vividly colored hindwings that are often covered by contrastingly dark, drab forewings. Taxonomy The tribe is ...

being merged with the

Erebini The Erebini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. Genera *''Erebus In Greek mythology, Erebus (; grc, Ἔρεβος, Érebos, "deep darkness, shadow".), or Erebos, is the personification of darkness and one of the primordial deiti ...

and becoming a subfamily of the reestablished family

Erebidae The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth groups. The family includes the underwings ('' Catocala'') ...

.FE (2011), and see references in Sacvela (2011) Many of the species are large () compared to other noctuids in temperate zones, and have brightly colored backwings. The closely related Ophiderinae and

Calpinae The Calpinae are a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1840. This subfamily includes many species of moths that have a pointed and barbed proboscis adapted to piercing the skins of fruit to feed on ju ...

are sometimes merged into this group. Catocala lineella

Genera

The Catocalinae

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

are usually assigned to the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

s Tytini, Armadini and

, which have a fairly small number of genera, and the much larger

. The Poaphilini are another proposed tribe around the genus '' Argyrostrotis'' (= ''Poaphila''), but is here considered to be

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

. In addition, a high proportion of genera is not at present assigned to a specific tribe as their relationships require further study. These genera ''incertae sedis'' are:See references in Savela (2011) * '' Acanthodelta'' * '' Acanthodica'' * '' Alapadna'' * '' Allotria'' * '' Alophosoma'' * '' Amphiongia'' * '' Anereuthina'' * '' Anisoneura'' * '' Anydrophila'' * '' Argyrostrotis'' * '' Arsacia'' * ''

Artena Artena is a town and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Italy. It is situated in the northwest of Monti Lepini, in the upper valley of the Sacco River. It is approximately southeast by rail, and direct from Rome. The economy is based ...

'' * '' Arthisma'' * '' Athyrma'' * '' Attatha'' * '' Attonda'' * '' Axiocteta'' * ''

Bamra Bamra State or Bamanda State, covering an area of 5149 km2, was one of the princely states of India during the period of the British Raj, its capital was in Debagarh (Deogarh). Bamra State acceded to India in 1948. The state was located i ...

'' * '' Batracharta'' * '' Blasticorhinus'' * '' Bocula'' * ''

Calesia ''Calesia'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Achille Guenée Achille Guenée (sometimes M.A. Guenée; 1 January 1809 – 30 December 1880) was a French lawyer and entomologist. Biography Achille Guenée wa ...

'' * '' Calliodes'' * '' Celiptera'' * ''

Chalciope Chalciope (; grc, Χαλκιόπη, Khalkiópē means "bronze-face"), in Greek mythology, is a name that may refer to several characters. * Chalciope, daughter of King Aeetes of Colchis, sister of Medea and wife of Phrixus, by whom she had four ...

'' * '' Chrysopera'' * '' Coenipeta'' (Catocalini:

Ophiusina The Ophiusini are a tribe of moths in the family Erebidae. Taxonomy The tribe is one of the most successful of the major radiations of the subfamily Erebinae. The tribe was previously classified as the subtribe Ophiusina of the subfamily Catoca ...

?) * '' Crioa'' * '' Ctenusa'' * '' Cutina'' * ''

Cyligramma ''Cyligramma'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. Species *'' Cyligramma amblyops'' Mabille, 1891 *'' Cyligramma conradsi'' Berio, 1954 *'' Cyligramma disturbans'' (Walker, 1858) *'' Cyligramma duplex'' Guenée, 1852 *'' Cyligramma flu ...

'' * '' Dasypodia'' * '' Delgamma'' * '' Dermaleipa'' (sometimes in ''Thyas'') * '' Dinumma'' * '' Donuca'' * '' Dordura'' * '' Doryodes'' * '' Ecphysis'' * '' Egybolis'' * '' Entomogramma'' * '' Ercheia'' * ''

Erygia ''Erygia'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae erected by Achille Guenée in 1852. Description Palpi upturned and very slender, almost naked, where the second joint reaching vertex of head, and third joint variable in length. Antennae min ...

'' * '' Eubolina'' (Catocalini: Ophiusina?) * '' Euclystis'' (Catocalini: Ophiusina?) * '' Euparthenos'' (Catocalini: Ophiusina?) * '' Felinia'' * '' Focillidia'' * '' Gesonia'' * '' Hamodes'' * '' Hexamitoptera'' * ''

Homodes ''Homodes'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. Taxonomy The genus has previously been classified in the subfamily Calpinae of the family Noctuidae The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet mot ...

'' * '' Hypopyra'' * '' Iontha'' * '' Ischyja'' * ''

Lacera ''Lacera'' is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. Description Palpi with second joint reaching vertex of head and short third joint. Antennae of male minutely ciliated. Thorax and abdomen clothed ...

'' * '' Loxioda'' * ''

Lygniodes ''Lygniodes'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. The genus is restricted to the Asiatic tropics, east to Sulawesi and the Moluccas The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or ...

'' * ''

Matigramma ''Matigramma'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Augustus Radcliffe Grote Augustus Radcliffe Grote (February 7, 1841 – September 12, 1903) was a British entomologist who described over 1,000 species of b ...

'' (Catocalini: Ophiusina?) * ''

Metria ''Metria'' is a genus of moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 1 ...

'' (Catocalini: Ophiusina?) * '' Mocis'' * '' Niguza'' * '' Ocalaria'' * '' Ommatophora'' * '' Pantydia'' * '' Parallelia'' (Catocalini: Ophiusina?) * '' Phoberia'' * '' Phyllodes'' * '' Platyja'' * ''

Plecoptera Plecoptera is an order of insects, commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the mo ...

'' * ''

Pseudanthracia ''Pseudanthracia'' is a monotypic moth genus in the family Erebidae erected by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1874. Its only species, ''Pseudanthracia coracias'', the pseudanthracia moth, was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found ...

'' (Catocalini: Ophiusina?) * '' Pseudoarcte'' * '' Pseudosphetta'' * ''

Pterocyclophora ''Pterocyclophora'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by George Hampson Sir George Francis Hampson, 10th Baronet (14 January 1860 – 15 October 1936) was an English entomologist. Hampson studied at Charterhous ...

'' * '' Ptichodis'' * '' Remigiodes'' * '' Sciatta'' * '' Scolecocampa'' * ''

Serrodes ''Serrodes'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. Description Costa of the forewings slightly arched before apex. Cilia of forewings and hindwings strongly crenulate. Tibia extremely hairy in bot ...

'' * ''

Speiredonia ''Speiredonia'' is a genus of moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximat ...

'' * '' Spiloloma'' * ''

Spirama ''Spirama'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. Description Antennae usually minutely fasciculate (bundled) in the male. Tibia not hairy and mid-tibia spined. Palpi with second joint reaching ...

'' * '' Sympis'' * '' Tephriopis'' * ''

Thyas ''Thyas'' is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1824. Species * '' Thyas androgyna'' (Berio, 1954) * '' Thyas arcifera'' (Hampson, 1913) * '' Thyas coronata'' (Fabricius, 1775) * ''Thyas honesta' ...

'' (Catocalini: Ophiusina?) * '' Trigonodes'' * '' Varicosia'' * '' Zale'' (Catocalini: Ophiusina?) In addition, some little-known noctuoid moth species which differ somewhat from the bulk of their supposed genera might belong here: * '' Crypsiprora oxymetopa'' Turner, 1941 * '' Hypoprora tortuosa'' Turner, 1929 * '' Prorocopis acroleuca'' Turner, 1929 * '' Raparna trigramma'' Turner, 1906 * '' Sophta aeluropis'' Meyrick, 1902 Placement of '' Xenogenes'' in the Catocalinae is in error; it is a

geometer moth The geometer moths are moths belonging to the family Geometridae of the insect order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies. Their scientific name derives from the Ancient Greek ''geo'' γεω (derivative form of or "the earth"), and ''metr ...

, family Geometridae.

Footnotes

References

* (2011)
Erebinae
Version 2.4, 2011-JAN-27. Retrieved 2011-DEC-27. * (2011)

Version of 2011-OCT-29. Retrieved 2011-DEC-27.

External links

France species.
Catocalinae classification and pictures

Photo gallery of Catocalinae

Catocalinae. Retrieved 2006-JAN-11. {{Taxonbar, from=Q771744