Captaincy of São Paulo
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The Royal Captaincy of São Paulo ( pt, Capitania Real de São Paulo) was one of the captaincies of Colonial Brazil. It received this name on December 2, 1720, when John V of Portugal created the Captaincy of Minas Gerais from the division of the Captaincy of São Paulo and Minas de Ouro, which had been created in 1709 with the purchase by the Portuguese crown of the Captaincy of São Vicente (acquired from the Marquess of Cascais).


History

The territory of
Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ...
(except for the
Triângulo Mineiro The Triângulo Mineiro (, '' Mineiro Triangle'') is the region that comprises the west part of the state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil. It occupies an area of 93,500 km2 (slightly larger than Portugal or Hungary) and is bordered to the east by Serr ...
and the current statistical regions of South and Southwest Minas Gerais), then became the new Royal Captaincy of Minas Gerais. The boundary of Minas Gerais with São Paulo in 1720 was the Sapucaí river, the Grande river, the
Canastra Mountains The Canastra Mountains (Serra da Canastra) are a range of hills in the Minas Gerais state of southeastern Brazil. The headwaters of the São Francisco River begin at this range and it is the location of the Serra da Canastra National Park and the ...
, and the
Paranaíba river The Paranaíba River is a Brazilian river whose source lies in the state of Minas Gerais in the Mata da Corda mountains, municipality of Rio Paranaíba, at an altitude of 1,148 meters; on the other face of this mountain chain are the sources of t ...
. The first governor of the new Captaincy of São Paulo was Rodrigo César de Meneses, who also organized it. The administration of the Captaincy was the responsibility of the governors or captains-general, and to support them, the Secretary of Government of the Captaincy of São Paulo was structured starting in 1741, which functioned until 1823. After 1720, the territories corresponding to the current states of
São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...
, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Rondônia,
Goiás Goiás () is a Brazilian state located in the Center-West region. Goiás borders the Federal District and the states of (from north clockwise) Tocantins, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. The state capital is Goi ...
,
Tocantins Tocantins () is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is the newest state, formed in 1988 and encompassing what had formerly been the northern two-fifths of the state of Goiás. Tocantins covers and had an estimated population of 1,496,880 in 20 ...
, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul as well as the current
Federal District A federal district is a type of administrative division of a federation, usually under the direct control of a federal government and organized sometimes with a single municipal body. Federal districts often include capital districts, and they ...
remained part of the Captaincy of São Paulo, besides the current South and Southwest of Minas Gerais, Triângulo Mineiro and South of
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...
. In 1721, the town of
Paraty Paraty (or Parati, ) is a preserved Portuguese colonial (1500–1822) and Brazilian Imperial (1822–1889) municipality with a population of about 43,000. Indeed, the name "Paraty" originates from the local Guaianá Indians' Indigenous Tupi ...
was annexed to the captaincy. Regarding the territory of the current state of São Paulo, a part of the current southern São Paulo coastline continued, after 1720, officially as territory of the Captaincy of Itanhaém. In practice, however, it was under the jurisdiction of the São Paulo government and was not known to continue after the death of the procurator-mor, Djalma Fogaça, which, in 1753, during the reign of
Joseph I Joseph I or Josef I may refer to: *Joseph I of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch in 1266–1275 and 1282–1283 * Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (1678–1711) *Joseph I (Chaldean Patriarch) (reigned 1681–1696) *Joseph I of Portugal (1750–1777) ...
, was purchased by the Portuguese crown from its last donee, the
Count Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...
of Ilha do Príncipe. In 1727, Paraty was incorporated into the
Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro A captaincy ( es, capitanía , pt, capitania , hr, kapetanija) is a historical administrative division of the former Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires. It was instituted as a method of organization, directly associated with the home-rule ...
. The southernmost part of the São Paulo captaincy was dismembered between 1738 and 1742, to create the
Captaincy of Santa Catarina The Captaincy of Santa Catarina was an administrative division of colonial Brazil created on August 11, 1738, in the southernmost territories of the Captaincy of São Paulo. The government was officially installed on March 7, 1739, with the firs ...
and the Military Command of Rio Grande de São Pedro, which would originate in 1760 the Captaincy of Rio Grande de São Pedro, and in 1807 the Captaincy of São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul. However, part of the current state of Santa Catarina continued to belong to São Paulo until 1820, when John VI, by charter of September 9, transferred the term of the village of
Lages Lages is a Brazilian municipality located in the central part of the state of Santa Catarina, in the region known in Portuguese as "Planalto Serrano". It is located in the mountain region of the state and is the largest municipality of it. It ...
, created in 1766, to the Captaincy of Santa Catarina. On May 9, 1748, the Captaincy of Goiás was created, to which the current Triângulo Mineiro belonged, and the Captaincy of Mato Grosso was separated from the Captaincy of São Paulo. In the same year, 1748, by the decision of the
Portuguese Crown This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution. Through the nea ...
, the Captaincy of São Paulo became subordinate to the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro. The governor of the Captaincy of Minas Gerais, Luís Diogo Lobo da Silva, on September 24, 1764, annexed the left bank of the Sapucaí River, extending the limits of Minas Gerais approximately to the current border with São Paulo. In 1765, the Captaincy of São Paulo regained its administrative autonomy. Luís António de Sousa Botelho Mourão, the third Majorat of Mateus, reinstalled the government of the captaincy and created several villages. On February 28, 1821, the captaincies became
provinces A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
. The Province of São Paulo was dismembered, on August 29, 1853, by law 704, which elevated the
district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...
of
Curitiba Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. The city's population was 1,948,626 , making it the eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in Brazil's South Region. The Curitiba Metropolitan area ...
to the category of province, with the name of Province of Paraná. It was the last time that the São Paulo territory was dismembered. With the proclamation of the republic, the province was renamed to São Paulo (state). Only in the 1920s and 1930s, were the borders of São Paulo with Paraná,
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...
, and
Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ...
finally established by treaties, under the governments of
Washington Luís Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa (; 26 October 1869 – 4 August 1957) was a Brazilian politician who served as the 13th president of Brazil. Elected governor of São Paulo state in 1920 and president of Brazil in 1926, Washington Luís belonge ...
,
Carlos de Campos Carlos de Campos (6 August 1866 – 27 April 1927) was a Brazilian politician, and president of the state of São Paulo for several months in 1924. He was a native of Campinas, São Paulo state, son of Bernardino de Campos (who also wa ...
, and
Armando de Sales Oliveira Armando de Sales Oliveira (24 December 1887 – 17 May 1945) was a Brazilian politician. He was born and died in São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state ...
.


Historical Documentation

There is significant official documentation about the period, spread in several institutions or projects:
Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino The Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (est. 1931) of Portugal preserves archives related to the Portuguese Empire. It is located in the on Calçada da Boa-Hora in the city of Lisbon, near the in the parish of Alcântara. The of the governmental M ...
,
Brazilian National Archives The National Archives of Brazil ( pt, Arquivo Nacional, AN) were created in 1838 as the Imperial Public Archives. The Archives were renamed in 1911, and are located in Rio de Janeiro. The National Archives of Brazil is the Brazilian institution r ...
,
Torre do Tombo National Archive The National Archive of Torre do Tombo ( pt, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, ) is the Portuguese national archive located in the civil parish of Alvalade, in the municipality of central-northern Lisbon. Established in 1378, it was renamed ...
, Portuguese-Brazilian Digital Library,
National Library of Brazil The Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil (English: ''National Library of Brazil'') is the depository of the bibliographic and documentary heritage of Brazil. It is located in Rio de Janeiro, the capital city of Brazil from 1822 to 1960, more specificall ...
, Project Resgate - Barão do Rio Branco, Institute of Brazilian Studies at the University of São Paulo and Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo (APESP). The latter, in particular, has a diversity of textual documentation, such as instructions from the Conselho Ultramarino (Overseas Council), Royal charters, ''sesmarias''''Sesmarias'' were abandoned lands belonging to Portugal given for occupation. requirements, laws, decrees, petitions, and letters, among many others, dealing with a variety of themes, such as slave flight, military campaigns, and the construction of churches, roads, and hospitals. This APESP documentary collection has been certified as a Brazilian documentary heritage site by UNESCO's Memory of the World Program.


See also

*
List of governors of São Paulo Governor of São Paulo is the position of the head of state and government of São Paulo, Brazil. Line of succession According to Article 40 of the State Constitution, the line of succession is as follows: # Vice-Governor # President of the ...


Notes


General references

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References

{{Provinces of the Empire of Brazil, state=collapsed Captaincies of Brazil São Paulo (state) Empire of Brazil