Café Procope

The Café Procope in the Rue de l'Ancienne Comédie is a café in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. It was opened in 1686 by the Sicilian chef Procopio Cutò (also known by his Italian name Francesco Procopio dei Coltelli and his French name François Procope); it became a hub of the Parisian artistic and literary community in 18th and 19th centuries. It sometimes is called the oldest café of Paris in continuous operation; however, the original café closed in 1872 and did not reopen as a café until the 1920s, so the claim of "oldest café in continuous operation" is not entirely true.

Marie Antoinette and Napoleon are known to have frequented the restaurant.

Background

Cutò first apprenticed under the leadership of an Armenian immigrant named Pascal who had a kiosk (', en, lemonade stand) on rue de Tournon selling refreshments, including lemonade and coffee.Fitch, p. 43 Pascal's attempt at such a business in Paris was not successful and he went to London in 1675, leaving the stall to Procopio.

''The first Paris cafe was probably Le Procope, opened about 1675 (it moved to its present location in 1686) by a Sicilian, who helped turn France into a coffee-drinking society.'' ''Literary Cafes of Paris'' by Noel Riley Fitch, Starrhill Press, Washington & Philadelphia

History

Cutò relocated his kiosk in 1686 to ''rue des Fossés-Saint-Germain-des-Prés''. At the beginning, it was referred to as an "antre" (cavern or cave) because it was so dark inside, even when there was bright sunshine outside. Cutò purchased a bath house and had its unique fixtures removed; he installed in his new café items now standard in modern European cafés (crystal chandeliers, wall mirrors, marble tables).

It was a place where gentlemen of fashion might drink coffee, the exotic beverage that had previously been served in taverns, or eat a sorbet, served up in porcelain cups by waiters in exotic "Armenian" garb. The escorted ladies, who appeared at the Café Procope in its earliest days, soon disappeared.

In 1689, the Comédie-Française opened its doors in a theatre across the street from his caféhence the street's modern name.THE CAFE PROCOPE by Addison May Rothrock; Lippincott's Monthly Magazine (1886–1915); Jun 1906; 77, 462; American Periodicals Series Online, pg. 702 By this stroke of fortune, the café attracted many actors, writers, musicians, poets, philosophers, revolutionaries, statesmen, scientists, dramatists, stage artists, playwrights, and literary critics. It was to the Procope, on 18 December 1752, that Rousseau retired, before the performance of '' Narcisse'', his last play, had even finished, saying publicly how boring it all was on the stage, now that he had seen it mounted.

It was the unexampled ''mix'' of habitués that surprised visitors, though no-one remarked on the absence of women. Louis, chevalier de Mailly, in ''Les Entretiens des caffés'', 1702, remarked:

In 1702, Cutò changed his name to the gallicized François Procope, and renamed the business to Café Procope, the name by which it is still known today. Prior to that, it had been known only as the "boutique at the sign of the Holy Shroud of Turin", which was the name of the previous business at the location.

Throughout the 18th century, the brasserie Procope was the meeting place of the intellectual establishment, and of the ''nouvellistes'' of the scandal-gossip trade, whose remarks at Procope were repeated in the police reports. Not all the ''Encyclopédistes'' drank forty cups of coffee a day like Voltaire, who mixed his with chocolate, but they all met at Café Procope, as did Benjamin Franklin, John Paul Jones and Thomas Jefferson.

There are words above the door at Cutò's establishment that read: ''Café à la Voltaire''. Voltaire is known to have said, "Ice cream is exquisite. What a pity it isn’t illegal."

The birthplace of the ''Encyclopédie'', conceived by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, is said to be at Café Procope.

Alain-René Lesage described the hubbub at Procope in ''La Valise Trouvée'' (1772): "There is an ebb and flow of all conditions of men, nobles and cooks, wits and sots, pell mell, all chattering in full chorus to their heart's content", indicating an increasingly democratic mix. Writing a few years after the death of Voltaire, Louis-Sébastien Mercier noted:

During the Revolution, the Phrygian cap, soon to be the symbol of Liberty, was first displayed at the Procope. The Cordeliers, Robespierre, Danton and Marat all used the café as a meeting place. After the Restoration, another famous customer was Alexander von Humboldt who, during the 1820s, lunched there every day from 11am to noon. The Café Procope retained its literary cachet; Alfred de Musset, George Sand, Gustave Planche, the philosopher Pierre Leroux, M. Coquille, editor of ''Le Monde'', Anatole France and Mikael Printz were all regulars. Under the Second Empire, August Jean-Marie Vermorel of ''Le Reforme'' or Léon Gambetta would expound their plans for social reform.

In the 1860s, the Conférence Molé held its meetings at the Café Procope. Léon Gambetta, like many other French orators, learned the art of public speaking at the Molé. Other active members during this period included Ernest Picard, Clément Laurier and Léon Renault.

A plaque at the establishment claims that it is the oldest continually-functioning café in the world.Dejean, p. 139 ''The Café Procope remained on the rue de Tournon until 1686, when it moved a few minutes away to the rue des Fossés Saint-German (today's rue de L'Ancienne Comedie, where the establishment, by now the oldest continually functioning cafe in the world, can still be found at number 13).''

However, the claim is not entirely true. The original Café Procopes closed its doors in 1872, and the property was acquired by a woman by the name of Baronne Thénard, who leased it to a Théo Bellefonds, under the condition that he preserved the café's atmosphere. Bellefonds opened a private artist's club and established a journal entitled ''Le Procope'', neither of which were very successful.David, p. 33. The premises then became the Restaurant Procope, and in the 1920s, it was changed back to a café called Au Grand Soleil. At some point, a new owner realised the marketing value of the original name and rechristened it Café Procope.

In 1988–89, the Café Procope was refurbished in an 18th-century style. It received Pompeian red walls, crystal chandeliers, 18th-century oval portraits of famous people who had been patrons, and a tinkly piano. The waiters were dressed in quasi-revolutionary uniforms.

Gallery

File:Procopio-de-Coltelli2 opt2.jpg, Francesco Procopio
dei Coltelli – founder
File:Le Procope Cafe Procope.jpg, St. Germain des Prés – Café Le Procope
File:Café Procope 2.jpg, Café Procope, photo of the entrance at ''Cour du commerce Saint-André''
File:Cafe Procope bar.jpg, Café Procope bar
File:Le Procope sign.jpg, First public café in Paris
File:Cafe Procope plaque.jpg, World's oldest café
File:Ben Franklin plaque.jpg, Plaque commemorating Benjamin Franklin's preparation of a Franco-American alliance in the café
File:Voltaires Desk at Le Procope.jpg, Voltaire's desk

See also

* List of oldest companies

References

Notes

Bibliography
*
*
*
*

External links

Procope.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cafe Procope
1686 establishments in France
Bakery cafés
Coffeehouses and cafés in Paris
Restaurants in Paris
Buildings and structures in the 6th arrondissement of Paris
1680s establishments in France