Căușeni District ( ro, Raionul Căușeni, ) is a district in the central part of

Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states ...

, with the administrative center at

Căușeni Căușeni () is a town and the administrative center of Căușeni District, Moldova. Its population at the 2014 census was 15,939, of which 12,056 Moldovans, 1,119 Romanians, 747 Russians, 545 Ukrainians, 204 Bulgarians, 69 Gagauzians, 12 Gypsi ...

. The other major city in the district is

Căinari Căinari is a town in Căușeni District, Moldova. One village is administered by the town, Căinari station. The town is located west of the district seat, Căușeni, and south of Chișinău. International relations Twin towns — Sister citi ...

. According to the 2014 Moldovan Census, the population of the district is 81,185.

History

The

District was the first district of Moldova to be recorded in 1455. The next localities of the region to be recorded were: Zaim, Cîrnățeni, Fîrlădeni, but not until the period 1535–1573. In the 16th-18th centuries, intensive agriculture and wine-making industries developed and population grew as a consequence. In 1761, in Căuşeni city, the Assumption Church was built with beautiful painted

frescoes Fresco (plural ''frescos'' or ''frescoes'') is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaste ...

on the inside walls. In 1812, after the

Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) The Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire was one of the Russo-Ottoman Wars. Russia prevailed, but both sides wanted peace as they feared Napoleon's moves to the east. Background The war broke ou ...

Bessarabia Bessarabia (; Gagauz: ''Besarabiya''; Romanian: ''Basarabia''; Ukrainian: ''Бессара́бія'') is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Be ...

was occupied by the Russian Empire until 1917. During this period there was an intense

Russification Russification (russian: русификация, rusifikatsiya), or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians, whether involuntarily or voluntarily, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian cultur ...

of the native population. In 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Bessarabia united with Romania. From 1918–1940 and again from 1941–1944 during the German occupation, the district became part of Tighina County. After the 1939

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact , long_name = Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H27337, Moskau, Stalin und Ribbentrop im Kreml.jpg , image_width = 200 , caption = Stalin and Ribbentrop shaking ...

, Bessarabia was occupied by the USSR in June 1940. In 1991 as a result of the proclamation of the

Independence of Moldova The independence of Moldova was officially recognized on 2 March 1992, when Moldova gained membership of the United Nations. The nation had declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 27 August 1991, and was a co-founder of the post-Soviet ...

, part of Căușeni District joined with Tighina County (1991–2003). In 2003 the district became an administrative unit of Moldova.

Geography

Căușeni District is located in the southern part of Moldova. It is bordered by the following districts:

Ialoveni Ialoveni () is a city in the Republic of Moldova situated from Chișinău. The city is administrative center of the Ialoveni District. History On 25 March 1977 the settlement was named to Kutuzov, and also its status was changed to urban-ty ...

and

Anenii Noi Anenii Noi () is a city in east-central Moldova, the seat of Anenii Noi District. It is located SE of the capital, Chișinău. According to the 2004 census, the city administers an area inhabited by 11,463 people. This area consists of the cit ...

in the north,

Slobozia District Slobozia District ( ro, Raionul Slobozia; russian: Слободзейский район; uk, Слободзейський район) is a district of Transnistria. It is the southernmost district of Transnistria, located mostly south of Tirasp ...

in the east,

Ștefan Vodă District Ștefan Vodă () is a district ( ro, raion) in the south-east of Moldova, with the administrative center at Ștefan Vodă. As of 1 January 2011, its population was 71,900. The district is situated 100 km from Chișinău and 100 km from ...

in the south-east, bordering in the south with

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

, and

Cimișlia District Cimișlia () is a district ( ro, raion) in southern Moldova, situated between the capital of Chișinău and the autonomous territorial unit of Gagauzia ( ro, Găgăuzia), with its administrative center ( ro, Oraș-reședință) being the town of ...

in the west. The relief of the land is mostly flat, with maximum altitudes of 220–230 metres. The minimum altitude is 20–30 metres on the Lower

Dniester The Dniester, ; rus, Дне́стр, links=1, Dnéstr, ˈdⁿʲestr; ro, Nistru; grc, Τύρᾱς, Tyrās, ; la, Tyrās, la, Danaster, label=none, ) ( ,) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and th ...

plain. The land has a low intensity of erosion.

Climate

The district has a

continental climate Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm summers and cold winters). They tend to occur in the middle latitudes (40 to 55 north), within large landmasses where prevailing winds blow overland bringing som ...

with an annual average district temperature of +10.5-11 °C. The July average temperature is +22-23 °C, and in January it is -4 °C. Annual precipitation 450–550 mm. Average wind speed is 2–5 metres/second.

Fauna

Typical European fauna, with the presence of such mammals such as

fox Foxes are small to medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull, upright, triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or ''brush''). Twelve sp ...

es,

hedgehog A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are seventeen species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introducti ...

deer Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the reindeer ...

wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is ...

polecat Polecat is a common name for several mustelid species in the order Carnivora and subfamilies Ictonychinae and Mustelinae. Polecats do not form a single taxonomic rank (i.e. clade). The name is applied to several species with broad similarities t ...

wild cat Felidae () is the family of mammals in the order Carnivora colloquially referred to as cats, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a felid (). The term "cat" refers both to felids in general and specifically to the do ...

, ermine. and others. Of birds there are:

partridge A partridge is a medium-sized Galliformes, galliform bird in any of several genera, with a wide Indigenous (ecology), native distribution throughout parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. Several species have been introduced to the Americas. They a ...

crow A crow is a bird of the genus ''Corvus'', or more broadly a synonym for all of ''Corvus''. Crows are generally black in colour. The word "crow" is used as part of the common name of many species. The related term "raven" is not pinned scientifical ...

eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just ...

starling Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Sturnidae. The Sturnidae are named for the genus ''Sturnus'', which in turn comes from the Latin word for starling, ''sturnus''. Many Asian species, particularly the larger ones, ...

swallow The swallows, martins, and saw-wings, or Hirundinidae, are a family of passerine songbirds found around the world on all continents, including occasionally in Antarctica. Highly adapted to aerial feeding, they have a distinctive appearance. The ...

s, and more.

Flora

Forests of the district are composed of tree species such as

oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L ...

ash Ash or ashes are the solid remnants of fires. Specifically, ''ash'' refers to all non-aqueous, non- gaseous residues that remain after something burns. In analytical chemistry, to analyse the mineral and metal content of chemical samples, ash ...

hornbeam Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the flowering plant genus ''Carpinus'' in the birch family Betulaceae. The 30–40 species occur across much of the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Origin of names The common English name ''hornbeam' ...

, linden,

maple ''Acer'' () is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples. The genus is placed in the family Sapindaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 nd more or less continuously updated since http ...

walnut A walnut is the edible seed of a drupe of any tree of the genus ''Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, '' Juglans regia''. Although culinarily considered a "nut" and used as such, it is not a true ...

and others. Other common plants are: wormwood,

knotweed Knotweed is a common name for plants in several genera in the family Polygonaceae. Knotweed may refer to: * ''Fallopia'' * ''Persicaria'' * ''Polygonum'' * ''Reynoutria japonica ''Reynoutria japonica'', synonyms ''Fallopia japonica'' and ''Poly ...

fescue ''Festuca'' (fescue) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae). They are evergreen or herbaceous perennial tufted grasses with a height range of and a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on every ...

, and

nettle {{redirect, Nettle Nettle refers to plants with stinging hairs, particularly those of the genus ''Urtica''. It can also refer to plants which resemble ''Urtica'' species in appearance but do not have stinging hairs. Plants called "nettle" include ...

Rivers

Căușeni district is located in the

Dniester River The Dniester, ; rus, Дне́стр, links=1, Dnéstr, ˈdⁿʲestr; ro, Nistru; grc, Τύρᾱς, Tyrās, ; la, Tyrās, la, Danaster, label=none, ) ( ,) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and th ...

basin, whose main tributary is the

Botna River Botna is a river in Moldova, a right tributary of Dniester The Dniester, ; rus, Дне́стр, links=1, Dnéstr, ˈdⁿʲestr; ro, Nistru; grc, Τύρᾱς, Tyrās, ; la, Tyrās, la, Danaster, label=none, ) ( ,) is a transboundary r ...

(152 km). Most lakes are artificial in origin.

Administrative subdivisions

* Administrative center:

* Localities: 48 (2 Cities and 46 Villages in 28 Communes) ** Cities: 2 (

) ** Communes: 28 ** Villages: 18

Communes in Căușeni district

Baccealia Baccealia is a commune in Căușeni District, Moldova. It is composed of four villages, Baccealia, Florica, Plop and Tricolici. Florica and Plop were moved in subordination to this communes on 12 April 2011; previously they were part of commune of ...

# Baimaclia # Chircăiești # Chircăieștii Noi # Cîrnățeni # Cîrnățenii Noi #

Ciuflești Ciuflești is a village in Căușeni District, Moldova.Coșcalia # Fîrlădeni # Grădinița #

Grigorievca Grigorievca is a village in Căușeni District, Moldova.Hagimus Hagimus (rendered also as ''Khadzhimus'') is a village in Căușeni District, Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to ...

# Opaci # Pervomaisc # Plop-Știubei #

Săiți Săiți is a village in Căușeni District, Moldova.Sălcuța #

Tănătari Tănătari is a village in Căușeni District, Moldova.Tănătarii Noi #

Taraclia Taraclia (, russian: Тараклия, bg, Тараклия) is a city located in the south of Moldova. It is the capital of Taraclia District, bordered by the autonomous region of Gagauzia, by the Cahul District and the Odessa Oblast of Ukrai ...

Tocuz Tocuz is a village in Căușeni District, Moldova.Ucrainca # Ursoaia # Zaim # Copanca (claimed by

Transnistria Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester riv ...

) #

Chițcani Chițcani (russian: Кицканы, Kitskany; uk, Кіцкань, Kitskan) is a commune in Căușeni District, Moldova. It consists of the village ''Chițcani'' and two small villages (hamlets), ''Merenești'' and ''Zahorna''. Chițcani is situa ...

(controlled by

) # Cremenciug (controlled by

) #

Gîsca Gîsca (meaning " hegoose" in Romanian language, Romanian; russian: Гиска) is a village near in Căușeni District, Moldova, composed of a single village with the same name, population 4,841 at the 2004 Census in Transnistria, 2004 Census ...

(controlled by

)

Demographics

As of 1 January 2012, the district population was 92,000, of which 26.5% was urban and 73.5% was rural population *Births (2010): 1,088 (11.8 per 1000) *Deaths (2010): 1,199 (13.0 per 1000) *Growth rate (2010): -111 (-1.2 per 1000)

Ethnic groups

''Footnote'': * There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.

Religion

*Christians - 98.5% **

Orthodox Christians Orthodoxy (from Greek: ) is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion. Orthodoxy within Christianity refers to acceptance of the doctrines defined by various creeds and ecumenical councils in Antiquity, but different Churc ...

- 97.1% **

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

- 1.4% ***

Baptists Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compe ...

- 0.7% ***

Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement

- 0.5% ***

Seventh-day Adventists The Seventh-day Adventist Church is an Adventism, Adventist Protestantism, Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the Names of the days of the week#Numbered days of the week, seventh day of the ...

- 0.1% ***

Evangelicals Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide Interdenominationalism, interdenominational movement within Protestantism, Protestant Christianity that affirms the centrality of being "bor ...

- 0.1% *Other 0.9% *No religion 0.6%

Economy

The main economic activities of the district are agriculture and manufacturing. Currently there are 15,721 registered companies in the district. The different types of manufacturing that predominate are: wine-making, processing of milk, bakery products, and other industries based on local

raw material A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials that are feedstock for future finished products. As feedst ...

s. Total Agricultural land is 93,700 ha which is (80.5%) of the total land area. Of this agricultural land, the

arable land Arable land (from the la, arabilis, "able to be ploughed") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.''Oxford English Dictionary'', "arable, ''adj''. and ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2013. Alternatively, for the ...

occupies 70 600 ha (60.7%), of which there are 4,300 ha of

orchards An orchard is an intentional plantation of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production. Orchards comprise fruit- or nut-producing trees which are generally grown for commercial production. Orchards are also sometimes a feature of larg ...

(3.7%) and 5,200 ha of

vineyards A vineyard (; also ) is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science, practice and study of vineyard production is known as viticulture. Vineyards ...

(4.5%).

Education

The district operates 69 educational institutions, including institutions of

secondary education Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale. Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education) is considered the second and final pha ...

- 37 (14,960 students),

kindergartens Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...

- 31 (3014 children), a creative center for children.

Politics

Căușeni District has historically voted mainly for

right-wing parties Right-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics, authorit ...

. In Moldova the district is represented by the Alliance for European Integration (AEI). The

Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Партидул Комуништилор дин Република Молдова, italic=no, Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova; russian: Партия коммунистов Р ...

(PCRM) has seen a continuous fall in the percentage of the vote during the last three elections. During the last three elections the vote for the AEI has grown from 11,179 votes to 20,140 votes representing an increase of 80%.

Elections

, - !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan="2" valign=center, Parties and coalitions !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=% !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=+/− , - , , align=left,

, align="right", 16,082 , align="right", 41.19 , align="right", −3.07 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova The Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova ( ro, Partidul Liberal Democrat din Moldova, PLDM) is a conservatism, conservative List of political parties in Moldova, political party in Moldova. The party is led by Tudor Deliu. Until 2016, PLDM was led ...

, align="right", 12,525 , align="right", 32.08 , align="right", +19.62 , - , , align=left,

Democratic Party of Moldova The European Social Democratic Party ( ro, Partidul Social Democrat European, PSDE) is a centre-left, populist social-democratic political party in Moldova. Established in 1997, the party holds pro-European views, and is an associate member of th ...

, align="right", 4,725 , align="right", 12,10 , align="right", +3.13 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...

, align="right", 2,515 , align="right", 6.44 , align="right", −5.68 , - , bgcolor=#0033cc, , align=left,

European Action Movement Save Bessarabia Union ( ro, Uniunea Salvați Basarabia, USB), previously known as European Action Movement is a political party from Moldova. The party supportes the unification of Romania and Moldova. On 21 July 2019, the party changed its name f ...

, align="right", 835 , align="right", 2.14 , align="right", +2.14 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left,

United Moldova The United Moldova Party ( ro, Partidul Moldova Unită) is a political party in Moldova. History The party was formed on May 21, 2005 in Chişinău. The "Moldova Unită" Party of Spiritual Development won 0.22% at April 2009 Moldovan parliamen ...

, align="right", 437 , align="right", 1.12 , align="right", +1.12 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, Other Party , align="right", 1,538 , align="right", 3.91 , align="right", -18.34 , - , align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="2", Total (turnout 57.46%) , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 39,352 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",

Culture

In the Căușeni District there are: 37 houses of culture, several folk bands with a Title 31 model, and 74 amateur artistic groups with a total of 1200 participants. There is a School of Arts in

city, a school of Music in both

and Copanca, a museum of history and

ethnography Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...

of Căușeni, the " Alexei Mateevici House Museum" in Zaim, and in Cainari, a Museum of history and ethnography in Copanca, and 45 public

Libraries A library is a collection of materials, books or media that are accessible for use and not just for display purposes. A library provides physical (hard copies) or digital access (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location or a vir ...

including 9 branches for children].

Health

Health services are provided in Căușeni District through: a general fund hospital with 292 beds, 19 Magnetic field imaging (MFI) units, 13 health centres, 5 health points, and 13 clinical diagnostic laboratories.

Tourism

Assumption of Our Lady Church, Căușeni The Church of Assumption of Our Lady, Căuşeni ( ro, Biserica "Adormirea Maicii Domnului" din Căuşeni) is a historical monument in Căuşeni, Moldova Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a l ...

Trajan's Wall Trajan's Wall (''Valul lui Traian'' in Romanian) is the name used for several linear earthen fortifications ( valla) found across Eastern Europe, in Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine. Contrary to the name and popular belief, the ramparts were not buil ...

in villages Copanca and Chircăiești

References

External links

Căuşeni District Council

District population per year
* Discuție:Raionul Căușeni
Rezultatele alegerilor din 28 noiembrie 2010 în raionul Căușeni
{{DEFAULTSORT:Causeni Districts of Moldova