''Cystopteris'' is a genus of
ferns in the family
Cystopteridaceae
Cystopteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae of the order Polypodiales, and includes three genera ...
.
[ These are known generally as bladderferns or fragile ferns. They grow in temperate areas worldwide. This is a very diverse genus and within a species individuals can look quite different, especially in harsh environments where stress stunts their growth. They hybridize easily with each other and identifying an individual can be challenging. In general these are rhizomatous perennials which grow in rocks or soil. Their leaves are multiply pinnate, in that each leaflet is divided into smaller parts. The sori are usually rounded and covered in an inflated bladder-like indusium.
]
Species
Species include:Cystopteris diaphana
''Cystopteris diaphana'', the greenish bladder-fern or diaphanous bladder-fern, is a fern in the family Cystopteridaceae.
Distribution
It is found locally on the Atlantic seaboard of Europe.
Status in Britain
The species was found for the f ...
''
*'' Cystopteris dickieana'' - Dickie's bladderfern
*'' Cystopteris douglasii'' - Douglas' bladderfern
*'' Cystopteris fragilis'' - brittle bladderfern
*'' Cystopteris laurentiana'' - St. Lawrence bladderfern
*'' Cystopteris montana'' - mountain bladderfern
*''Cystopteris protrusa
''Cystopteris protrusa'' is a common fern of North America, commonly known as the lowland bladderfern, lowland brittle fern or lowland fragile fern.
The plant is native to eastern Canada, and the Midwestern and Eastern United States. Througho ...
'' - lowland bladderfern
*'' Cystopteris reevesiana'' - Reeves' bladderfern
*'' Cystopteris tennesseensis'' - Tennessee bladderfern
*''Cystopteris tenuis
''Cystopteris tenuis'' is sometimes known as Mackay's bladder fern or Mackay's fragile fern. It was long considered to be a part of the superspecies for fragile ferns, as ''Cystopteris fragilis'' ( L.) Bernh. var. ''mackayi'' Lawson.
left, ''C ...
'' - upland brittle fern
*'' Cystopteris utahensis'' - Utah bladderfern
Hybrids
''Cystopteris'' widely hybridizes internally. Its diploid
Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively ...
parent species include:
*'' C. bulbifera''
*''C. "hemifragilis"'' (an undiscovered or extinct diploid)
*'' C. protrusa''
*'' C. reevesiana''
The hybrid species include:
*'' C. fragilis'' (''C. "hemifragilis"'' × ''C. reevesiana''; allotetraploid)
*'' C. laurentiana'' (''C. bulbifera'' × ''C. fragilis''; allohexaploid)
*'' C. tennesseensis'' (''C. bulbifera'' × ''C. protrusa''; allotetraploid)
*'' C. tenuis'' (''C. "hemifragilis"'' × ''C. protrusa''; allotetraploid)
*'' C. utahensis'' (''C. reevesiana'' × ''C. bulbifera''; allotetraploid)
Non-species hybrids include:
*''Cystopteris × illinoensis'' (''C. bulbifera'' × ''C. tenuis''; allotriploid)
*''Cystopteris × wagneri'' (''C. tennesseensis'' × ''C. tenuis''; allo-allotetraploid)
*''Cystopteris fragilis'' × ''Cystopteris tenuis'' (allo-allotetraploid)
*''Cystopteris protrusa'' × ''Cystopteris tennesseensis'' (allotriploid)
References
* Lellinger, David B. ''A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-Allies of the United States & Canada''. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 1985.
External links
Jepson Manual TreatmentUSDA Plants ProfileFlora of North America
{{Taxonbar, from=Q881825
Polypodiales
Fern genera