Cystiscidae is a

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of minute

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s or

micromollusk A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine mollusks, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater mollusks also ...

Description

The shell is minute to large, either white, uniformly colored, or patterned; the surface is smooth,

sculptured Sculptured is an American experimental and progressive metal band, mixing melodic and atonal segments. Biography Following the dissolution of his previous band, guitarist Don Anderson began Sculptured as mostly a one-man project in 1996. With ...

, or axially costate; the

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...

is flat to immersed, or low to tall; the

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...

is paucispiral; the lip is thickened, smooth or denticulate; an external

varix A varix (pl. varices) is an abnormally dilated vessel with a tortuous course. Varices usually occur in the venous system, but may also occur in arterial or lymphatic vessels. Examples of varices include: * Varicose veins, large tortuous veins usua ...

is present or absent; a

siphonal notch A siphonal notch is a feature of the shell anatomy in some sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. In these particular groups of sea snails the animal has a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is dra ...

is present or absent; a posterior notch is present or absent; the columella is multiplicate, internal

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral d ...

cystiscid or modified cystiscid type.

Mantle A mantle is a piece of clothing, a type of cloak. Several other meanings are derived from that. Mantle may refer to: *Mantle (clothing), a cloak-like garment worn mainly by women as fashionable outerwear **Mantle (vesture), an Eastern Orthodox ve ...

cavity with monopectinate ctenidium and bipectinate osphradium. Proboscis pleurembolic; jaws absent; typical

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

r sac present.

Taxonomy

The family was erected by

William Stimpson William Stimpson (February 14, 1832 – May 26, 1872) was a noted American scientist. He was interested particularly in marine biology. Stimpson became an important early contributor to the work of the Smithsonian Institution and later, direc ...

for a single included species based on unusual features of the head and

. Subsequent authors included this group in the family

Marginellidae Marginellidae, or the margin shells, are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of small, often colorful, sea snails, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Neogastropoda. Taxonomy The higher classification of ...

. Coan (1965) recognized this group as a subfamily, but he did not include such genera as ''Gibberula'', ''Persicula'', and ''Canalispira''. Rule of priority of the

ICZN The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the I ...

require that the name Cystiscidae must be used, but this is unfortunate because the type specimen of the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

is lost, and that species is poorly known.

2005 taxonomy

The family Cystiscidae consists of subfamilies (according to the Working Classification of the Gastropoda by Bouchet et al., 2005): * Canalispirinae Fedosov, Caballer & Bouchet, 2019 * Cystiscinae Stimpson, 1865 * Granulininae G.A. & H.K. Coovert, 1995 * Persiculinae G.A. & H.K. Coovert, 1995 *

Plesiocystiscinae Plesiocystiscinae is a subfamily of minute sea predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the infraorder Neogastropoda. The genus name on which this subfamily name is based is derived from the Greekword ''plesios'', near ...

G.A. & H.K. Coovert, 1995Coovert G. A. & Coovert H. K. (1995). "Revision of the Supraspecific Classification of Marginelliform Gastropods". '' The Nautilus'' 109(2&3): 43-110, page 66, 70, 73. Reference for inclusion of Granulinae in Cystiscidae: Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Fryda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdes, A.; Waren, A. 2005. Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks.

Genera

Genera within the family Cystiscidae include: Canalispirinae *'' Canalispira'' Jousseaume, 1875:168,270 *'' Osvaldoginella'' Espinosa & Ortea, 1997 Cystiscinae * †'' Topaginella'' Laseron, 1957:288 *''

Crithe ''Crithe'' is a genus of minute sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Cystiscidae. This genus is sometimes still placed within the Marginellidae. These tiny gastropods have a shell which is colorles ...

Gould Gould may refer to: People * Gould (name), a surname Places United States * Gould, Arkansas, a city * Gould, Colorado, an unincorporated community * Gould, Ohio, an unincorporated community * Gould, Oklahoma, a town * Gould, West Virginia, a ...

, 1860 *'' Cystiscus'' Stimpson, 1865:55 *''

Extra Extra or Xtra may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Film * ''The Extra'' (1962 film), a Mexican film * ''The Extra'' (2005 film), an Australian film Literature * ''Extra'' (newspaper), a Brazilian newspaper * ''Extra!'', an American me ...

'' Jousseaume, 1894 - with the only species '' Extra extra'' Jousseaume, 1894 *''

Gibberula ''Gibberula'' is a genus of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Cystiscidae, previously placed in the family Marginellidae, the margin shells or marginellids. (Note: Gastropod taxonomy has been in flux for ...

'' Swainson, 1840 *'' Inbiocystiscus'' Ortea and Espinosa, 2001 *'' Intelcystiscus'' Ortea and Espinosa, 2001 * †'' Marginocystiscus'' Landau, C. M. Silva & Heitz, 2016 *'' Pachybathron'' Gaskoin, 1853 *'' Persicula''

Schumacher Schumacher or Schuhmacher is an occupational surname (German, "shoemaker", pronounced , both variants can be used as surnames, with Schumacher being the more popular one, however, only the variant with three "h"s can also be used as a job descript ...

, 1817 *'' Ticocystiscus'' Espinosa and Ortea, 2002 *'' Ticofurcilla'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2002 ;Synonyms *''Furcilla'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2000: synonym of ''Ticofurcilla'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2002 (Invalid: junior homonym of '' Furcilla'' Martin, 1975 ipteraand Furcilla Bakharev, 1988 stracoda ''Ticofurcilla'' is a replacement name) **''Furcilla tica'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2000: synonym of '' Ticofurcilla tica'' (Espinosa & Ortea, 2000) Plesiocystiscinae * ''

Plesiocystiscus Plesiocystiscus is a genus of minute predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Cystiscidae. Etymology The genus name is derived from the Greek language, Greek ''plesios'', near, in the sense o ...

'' Coovert & Coovert, 1995 Abbreviations: * (M) - original designation by monotype * OD - original designation * OD (M) - original designation as type species, but also monotypic * SD - subsequent designation as type * SD (M) - subsequent designation as type species, but also monotypic * T - original designation by tautonomy Comparisons of shells of the genera: File:Plesiocystiscus.jpg, File:Cystiscus.jpg, File:Crithe.jpg, File:ExtraExtra.jpg, File:Persicula.jpg, File:Gibberula.jpg, File:Canalispira.jpg, File:Furcilla.jpg, File:Granulina.jpg, File:Pugnus.jpg,

References

* Carpenter P. P. (1857) (1855-1857). ''Catalogue of the collection of Mazatlan shells in the British Museum collected by Frederick Reigen''. London:xvi+552 pp. (July 1855 - June 1857, each part dated at foot of first page) * Espinosa J & Ortea J. (2000). "Descripción de un género y once especies nuevas de Cystiscidae y Marginellidae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) del Caribe de Costa Rica". ''Aviccenia'' (12/13): 95-114. * Espinosa J & Ortea J. (2002). "Nuevas especies de margineliformes de Cuba, Bahamas y el Mar Caribe de Costa Rica". ''Avicennia'' 15: 101-128. * Gould A. A. (1860). "Descriptions of shells collected in the North Pacific Exploring Expedition under Captains Ringold and Rogers. One part." '' Proceedings Boston Society Natural History'' 7: 382-385. * Laseron C. F. (1957). "A new classification of the Australian Marginellidae (Mollusca), with a review of species from the Solanderian and Dampierian zoogeographical provinces". ''

Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research Australian(s) may refer to: Australia * Australia, a country * Australians, citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia ** European Australians ** Anglo-Celtic Australians, Australians descended principally from British colonists ** Aboriginal Aus ...

'' 8(3): 274-311. * Nevill G. & Nevill H. (1874). "Descriptions of new Mollusca from the Indian Ocean". ''

Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal A journal, from the Old French ''journal'' (meaning "daily"), may refer to: *Bullet journal, a method of personal organization *Diary, a record of what happened over the course of a day or other period *Daybook, also known as a general journal, a ...

'' Vol. XLIII, Part II. * Ortea J. & Espinosa J. (2001). "''Intelcystiscus'' e ''Inbiocystiscus'' (Mollusca: Neogastrópoda: Cystiscidae) dos nuevos géneros del Atlántico occidental tropical". ''Avicennia'' 14: 107-114. * Smiriglio C. & Mariottini P. (2001). "Description of ''Paolaura'' gen. nov. and of three new species of Cystiscidae from the Indian Ocean". ''

La Conchiglia ''La Conchiglia'' (1992), or ''The Conch'', is a short film from Somali writer and director Abdulkadir Ahmed Said. Plot A female artist is painting a seascape on a deserted beach when she discovers a beautiful conch. Curious, she puts her ear ...

'' 299: 11-17. * Shumacher C. F. (1817). ''Essai d´un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés''. Copenhagen, iv+287 pp., 22 plts. * Swainson W. (1840). ''A treatise on malacology, or the natural classification of shells and shellfish''. London, pp. 1–419, text figs. (Marginellidae: 323-324 in part 2)

External links

The Academy of Natural Sciences
A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3009509 Gastropod families Taxa named by William Stimpson Volutoidea