''Cyprinodon'' is a genus of

pupfish Pupfish are a group of small killifish belonging to ten genera of the family Cyprinodontidae of ray-finned fish. Pupfish are especially noted for being found in extreme and isolated situations. They are primarily found in North America, South Am ...

es found in waters that range from

fresh Fresh or FRESH may refer to: People *DJ Fresh (born 1977), UK-based drum and bass artist *DJ Fresh (producer), US-based R&B producer born Marqus Brown Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Fresh'' (1994 film), a crime film * ''Fresh'' (200 ...

hypersaline A hypersaline lake is a landlocked body of water that contains significant concentrations of sodium chloride, brines, and other salts, with saline levels surpassing that of ocean water (3.5%, i.e. ). Specific microbial species can thrive in h ...

. The genus is primarily found in Mexico, the

Caribbean Islands Almost all of the Caribbean islands are in the Caribbean Sea, with only a few in inland lakes. The largest island is Cuba. Other sizable islands include Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago. Some of the smaller islands are re ...

and southern United States (

Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. N ...

New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ker ...

Oklahoma Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...

and

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...

), but ''C. variegatus'' occurs as far north as

Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut assachusett writing systems, məhswatʃəwiːsət'' English: , ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous U.S. state, state in the New England ...

and along the entire

Gulf of Mexico The Gulf of Mexico ( es, Golfo de México) is an oceanic basin, ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of ...

coastline, and ''C. dearborni '' and ''C. variegatus'' are found in northern South America.Martin, C. H., and P. C. Wainwright (2013). ''Multiple Fitness Peaks on the Adaptive Landscape Drive Adaptive Radiation in the Wild.'' Science 339(6116): 208-211. Many species have tiny ranges and are highly threatened, in some cases already extinct. ''Cyprinodon'' are small; the largest reaches in length and most other species only reach about half that size.

Distribution and habitat

Cyprinodon variegatus (S0103) (12598764423)

A few ''Cyprinodon'' species have quite large ranges, notably '' C. variegatus'', but the vast majority have small ranges, typically restricted to one or two

Mexican states The states of Mexico are first-level administrative territorial entities of the country of Mexico, which is officially named United Mexican States. There are 32 federal entities in Mexico (31 states and the capital, Mexico City, as a separate en ...

US states In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its sover ...

Hispaniola Hispaniola (, also ; es, La Española; Latin and french: Hispaniola; ht, Ispayola; tnq, Ayiti or Quisqueya) is an island in the Caribbean that is part of the Greater Antilles. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and th ...

, or a Bahaman island. '' C. longidorsalis'' and '' C. diabolis'' have both been said to have the smallest native range of any vertebrate species, with the former being restricted to a spring pool that covers about and the latter to an shelf in a spring pool, but ''C. longidorsalis'' is now only found in captivity as its habitat has disappeared. While most ''Cyprinodon'' species have separate distributions, seven (''C. beltrani'', ''C. esconditus'', ''C. labiosus'', ''C. maya'', ''C. simus'', ''C. suavium'' and ''C. verecundus'') are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

Lake Chichancanab Lake Chichancanab is a lake in Mexico located in the northwest of the state of Quintana Roo, in the municipality of José María Morelos. It is also known as Laguna Chichancanab, Laguna Chicnancanab and Laguna de Chichancanab. It has an approxim ...

Quintana Roo Quintana Roo ( , ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Quintana Roo ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Quintana Roo), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, constitute the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 11 mu ...

, Mexico, and three (the endemic ''C. brontotheroides'' and ''C. desquamator'', and the widespread ''C. variegatus'') live in the

lakes on

San Salvador Island San Salvador Island (known as Watling's Island from the 1680s until 1925) is an island and district of The Bahamas. It is widely believed that during Christopher Columbus's first expedition to the New World, this island was the first land h ...

in the Bahamas. In a few other cases separate species do come into contact towards the edges of their distributions where they often

hybridize Hybridization (or hybridisation) may refer to: *Hybridization (biology), the process of combining different varieties of organisms to create a hybrid *Orbital hybridization, in chemistry, the mixing of atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals *Nu ...

, notably ''C. eximius'' X ''C. pachycephalus '' and ''C. atrorus'' X ''C. bifasciatus'', but also ''C. variegatus'' in places where it has been introduced by humans into the ranges of other ''Cyprinodon'' species. Although the individual ''Cyprinodon'' species often have a highly specific habitat, overall the genus occurs in a remarkably range of places, such as springs (including those isolated in deserts), pools, lakes, coastal lagoons, creeks, streams and rivers. Their

salinity Salinity () is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal ...

and temperature range is very broad, like those living in

hot spring A hot spring, hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth. The groundwater is heated either by shallow bodies of magma (molten rock) or by circ ...

s (taken to the extreme in ''C. julimes'' in water up to , and ''C. pachycephalus'' up to ), and those of hypersaline habitats where the salinity far exceeds that of sea water. Certain species may even experience very large variations in the temperature and salinity over a relatively short period. For example, some populations of ''C. variegatus'' live in water where the temperature has been known to change from in less than 24 hours (in the coldest temperatures they bury into the substrate). Some populations of ''C. nevadensis'' tolerate water temperatures between , and ''C. salinus'' live in waters where the temperature may change by as much as in a day and in a season. Furthermore, the salinity of ''C. salinus habitat may vary from less than one-third of that of sea water to almost five times as much as sea water in a season.

Conservation status

Most species in the genus are seriously threatened. ''C. arcuatus'', ''C. ceciliae'', ''C. inmemoriam'', ''C. nevadensis calidae'' and an

undescribed species In taxonomy, an undescribed taxon is a taxon (for example, a species) that has been discovered, but not yet formally described and named. The various Nomenclature Codes specify the requirements for a new taxon to be validly described and named. U ...

popularly known as the " Perrito de Sandia" are already extinct. ''C. arcuatus'' was restricted to springs in the US state of

and probably also in the Mexican state of

Sonora Sonora (), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora ( en, Free and Sovereign State of Sonora), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Administrative divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is d ...

, while all the others were restricted to spring systems in Mexico. Three species from southwestern Nuevo León, ''C. alvarezi'', ''C. longidorsalis'' and ''C. veronicae'', have become

extinct in the wild A species that is extinct in the wild (EW) is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as known only by living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range due ...

, only surviving in captivity. A few other Mexican species still considered

endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inva ...

or vulnerable by the

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

, including at least ''C. maya'', ''C. simus'' and ''C. verecundus'' of Lake Chichancanab, also appear to only survive in captivity. Several others have very small remaining populations in the wild. Among the species that survive in the wild, the rarest is perhaps ''C. diabolis'' from the tiny

Devils Hole Devils Hole is a geologic formation located in a detached unit of Death Valley National Park and surrounded by the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, in Nye County, Nevada, in the Southwestern United States. Devils Hole is habitat for the onl ...

; in recent decades its population has fluctuated between a few tens and a few hundred individuals. Primary threats to pupfish are habitat loss due to water extraction, drought and pollution, and introduced species.

Behavior

Feeding

Most ''Cyprinodon'' species feed on

algae Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular mic ...

cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria (), also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis. The name ''cyanobacteria'' refers to their color (), which similarly forms the basis of cyanobacteria's common name, blu ...

and

detritus In biology, detritus () is dead particulate organic material, as distinguished from dissolved organic material. Detritus typically includes the bodies or fragments of bodies of dead organisms, and fecal material. Detritus typically hosts commun ...

, but may also supplement their diet with small crustaceans and aquatic insect larvae. Some species mainly feed on small animals like aquatic insects. ''C. variegatus'', a species that otherwise has a diet typical of pupfish, will clean other fish by feeding on parasites on their body. In the two places where several species live together they have diverged into different niches, including the fish-eating ''C. maya'' (Lake Chichancanab),

zooplankton Zooplankton are the animal component of the planktonic community ("zoo" comes from the Greek word for ''animal''). Plankton are aquatic organisms that are unable to swim effectively against currents, and consequently drift or are carried along by ...

-eating ''C. simus'' (Lake Chichancanab),

amphipod Amphipoda is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 9,900 amphipod species so far descr ...

- and

bivalve Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bival ...

-eating ''C. labiosus'' and ''C. verecundus'' (Lake Chichancanab),

scale-eating Lepidophagy is a specialised feeding behaviour in fish that involves eating the Scale (zoology), scales of other fish. Lepidophagy is widespread, having evolved independently in at least five freshwater families and seven marine families. A relat ...

''C. desquamator'' (San Salvador Island lakes), and

ostracod Ostracods, or ostracodes, are a class of the Crustacea (class Ostracoda), sometimes known as seed shrimp. Some 70,000 species (only 13,000 of which are extant) have been identified, grouped into several orders. They are small crustaceans, typic ...

- and

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

-eating ''C. brontotheroides'' (San Salvador Island lakes).

Breeding

''Cyprinodon'' pupfish are short-lived, typically reaching an age of no more than a year in the wild, although some may reach as much as three years. Especially those from habitats that experience major environmental fluctuations (for example, large variations in temperature) rapidly reach maturity and are already able to breed when 1–1.5 month old. Despite some species' ability to survive in a wide temperature range, their requirements for breeding often are much more specific. For example, although some populations of ''C. nevadensis'' can live in water that ranges between , they only breed from . However, there are exceptions like ''C. rubrofluviatilis'' that will breed at a relative wide range from . Consequently, pupfish living in stable habitats breed year-round, but those in more seasonal habitats generally only at certain times of the year where the conditions are optimal. When breeding, males assume a relatively bright nuptial coloration. There are two primary breeding strategies: In species of small isolated habitats like springs, each large male (or medium-sized male, if large males are absent) defends a

territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, particularly belonging or connected to a country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually either the total area from which a state may extract power resources or a ...

and displays to visiting females that will lay their eggs inside the territory. In at least some species, small males will attempt to fertilize eggs by sneaking into a territory of a larger male. Once deposited, neither sex cares for the eggs, although they do get a level of protection by being inside the territory of a male. A male will attempt to attract several females to lay their eggs in his territory and a female may lay eggs in the territories of several males. Another breeding strategy is used by species that inhabit rivers. Here the males do not maintain a territory and groups of pupfish gather to breed. A male typically will lead a female to the edge of the group to spawn, although on occasion it may occur in the middle of the group. The eggs of ''Cyprinodon'' pupfish are adhesive and stick to the substrate, or they are covered in sand.

Species

Julimes pupfish (Cyprinodon julimes) male

There are currently 49 recognized species in this genus: * '' Cyprinodon albivelis''

W. L. Minckley Wendell Lee Minckley (November 13, 1935 – June 22, 2001) was a college professor and leading expert on fish. He spent most of his career at Arizona State University. In 1963, he with Robert Rush Miller discovered and named the northern platy ...

& R. R. Miller, 2002 (Whitefin pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon alvarezi'' R. R. Miller, 1976 (Potosi pupfish) * †'' Cyprinodon arcuatus''

& R. R. Miller, 2002 (Santa Cruz pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon artifrons'' C. L. Hubbs, 1936 (Yucatán pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon atrorus'' R. R. Miller, 1968 (Bolson pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon beltrani''

Álvarez Álvarez or Álvares may refer to: People *Álvarez (surname), Spanish surname Places *Alvares (river), a river in northern Spain * Alvares (ski resort), in Iran *Alvares, Iran * Alvares, Portugal *Álvarez, Santa Fe, a town in the province of Sa ...

, 1949 (Blackfin pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon bifasciatus'' R. R. Miller, 1968 (Cuatro Cienegas pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon bobmilleri'' Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1999 (San Ignacio pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon bondi'' G. S. Myers, 1935 (Hispaniola pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon bovinus'' S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 (Leon Springs pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon brontotheroides'' C. H. Martin & Wainwright, 2013 (Durophage pupfish) * †'' Cyprinodon ceciliae'' Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 (Villa Lopez pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon dearborni''

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, 1909 * ''

Cyprinodon desquamator ''Cyprinodon desquamator'' is a scale-eating species of pupfish in the genus '' Cyprinodon''. It is endemic to hypersaline interior lakes on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. It coexists alongside two other closely related ''Cyprinodon'' species '' ...

'' C. H. Martin & Wainwright, 2013 (Scale-eating pupfish) * ''

Cyprinodon diabolis The Devils Hole pupfish (''Cyprinodon diabolis'') is a critically endangered species of the family Cyprinodontidae (pupfishes) found only in Devils Hole, a water-filled cavern in the US state of Nevada. It was first described as a species in ...

Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the Wales–England border, east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the ...

, 1930 (Devil's Hole pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon elegans'' S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 (Comanche Springs pupfish) * ''

Cyprinodon eremus ''Cyprinodon'' is a genus of pupfishes found in waters that range from fresh to hypersaline. The genus is primarily found in Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and southern United States (Arizona, California, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma an ...

'' R. R. Miller & Fuiman, 1987 (Sonoyta pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon esconditus'' Strecker, 2002 (Hidden pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon eximius'' Girard, 1859 (Conchos pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon fontinalis'' M. L. Smith & R. R. Miller, 1980 (Carbonera pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon higuey'' C. M. Rodriguez & M. L. Smith, 1990 (Black-and-blue Pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon hubbsi'' Carr, 1936 (Lake Eustis minnow) * †'' Cyprinodon inmemoriam'' Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 (Charco Azul pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon julimes'' De la Maza-Benignos & Vela-Valladares, 2009 (Julimes pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon labiosus''

Humphries Humphries is a surname, and may refer to: * Barry Humphries (1934–2023), Australian comedian, creator of characters Dame Edna Everage and Sir Les Patterson * Carla Humphries (born 1988), American-born Filipina actress and commercial model, also ...

& R. R. Miller, 1981 (Thicklip pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon laciniatus'' C. L. Hubbs & R. R. Miller, 1942 (Bahama pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon latifasciatus''

Garman Garman is a surname or first name. Notable people with the name include: Sports * Ann Garman, All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player * Judi Garman (born 1954), American softball coach * Mike Garman (born 1949), American baseball pla ...

, 1881 (Parras pupfish) * ''

Cyprinodon longidorsalis ''Cyprinodon longidorsalis'', the cachorrito de charco palmal or La Palma pupfish, is a species of fish in the family Cyprinodontidae. It was endemic to the Ojo de Agua la Presa in southwestern Nuevo Leon state in Mexico, but became extinct in ...

'' Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 (La Palma pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon macrolepis'' R. R. Miller, 1976 (Largescale pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon macularius'' S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 (Desert pupfish) * ''

Cyprinodon maya The Maya pupfish (''Cyprinodon maya''), known in Spanish as ''cachorrito gigante'', is a highly threatened species of fish in the family Cyprinodontidae. It is endemic to Lake Chichancanab in Quintana Roo, Mexico. In almost all places, differe ...

& R. R. Miller, 1981 (Maya pupfish) * ''

Cyprinodon meeki The Mezquital pupfish (''Cyprinodon meeki'') is a species of pupfish in the family Cyprinodontidae. It is Endemism, endemic to Durango in Mexico. This species was Species description, described by Robert Rush Miller in 1976 from a pond which was ...

'' R. R. Miller, 1976 (Mezquital pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon nazas'' R. R. Miller, 1976 (Nazas pupfish) * ''

Cyprinodon nevadensis ''Cyprinodon nevadensis'' is a species of pupfish in the genus ''Cyprinodon''. The species is also known as the Amargosa pupfish, but that name may also refer to one subspecies, ''Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae''. All six subspecies are or wer ...

'' C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889 ** '' Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae'' R. R. Miller, 1948 (Amargosa River pupfish) ** †'' Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae'' R. R. Miller, 1948 (Tecopa pupfish) ** ''

Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes ''Cyprinodon'' is a genus of pupfishes found in waters that range from fresh to hypersaline. The genus is primarily found in Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and southern United States (Arizona, California, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma an ...

'' R. R. Miller, 1948 (Ash Meadows pupfish) ** '' Cyprinodon nevadensis nevadensis'' C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889 (Amargosa pupfish) ** '' Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis'' R. R. Miller, 1948 (Warm Springs pupfish) ** '' Cyprinodon nevadensis shoshone'' R. R. Miller, 1948 (Shoshone pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon nichollsi'' M. L. Smith, 1989 (Jaragua pupfish) * ''

Cyprinodon pachycephalus The bighead pupfish (''Cyprinodon pachycephalus''), known in Spanish language, Spanish as ''cachorrito cabezon'', is a critically endangered species of pupfish in the family Cyprinodontidae. It is Endemism, endemic to an area covering less than ...

& C. O. Minckley, 1986 (Bighead pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon pecosensis'' A. A. Echelle & A. F. Echelle, 1978 (Pecos pupfish) * ''

Cyprinodon pisteri ''Cyprinodon'' is a genus of pupfishes found in waters that range from Fresh water, fresh to hypersaline. The genus is primarily found in Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and southern United States (Arizona, California, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, ...

'' R. R. Miller &

, 2002 (Palomas pupfish) * ''

Cyprinodon radiosus The Owens pupfish (''Cyprinodon radiosus'') is a rare species of fish in the family Cyprinodontidae, the pupfish. It is endemic to California in the United States, where it is limited to the Owens Valley. It is a federally listed endangered spe ...

'' R. R. Miller, 1948 (Owens pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon riverendi'' ( Poey, 1860) (synonym: ''Cyprinodon jamaicensis'', Fowler, 1939) * '' Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis'' Fowler, 1916 (Red River pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon salinus'' R. R. Miller, 1943 ** '' Cyprinodon salinus milleri'' LaBounty &

Deacon A deacon is a member of the diaconate, an office in Christian churches that is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions. Major Christian churches, such as the Catholic Churc ...

, 1972 (Cottonball marsh pupfish) ** '' Cyprinodon salinus salinus'' R. R. Miller, 1943 (Death Valley pupfish, Salt Creek pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon salvadori'' Lozano-Vilano, 2002 (Bocochi pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon simus''

& R. R. Miller, 1981 (Boxer pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon suavium'' Strecker, 2005 * '' Cyprinodon tularosa'' R. R. Miller & A. A. Echelle, 1975 (White Sands pupfish) * ''

Cyprinodon variegatus The sheepshead minnow or sheepshead pupfish (''Cyprinodon variegatus'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinodontidae, the pupfishes. It is found in salt marsh and estuary environments and is native to the eastern coasts of North ...

'' (Lacépède, 1803) ** '' Cyprinodon variegatus baconi'' Breder, 1932 ** ''

Cyprinodon variegatus ovinus ''Cyprinodon'' is a genus of pupfishes found in waters that range from fresh to hypersaline. The genus is primarily found in Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and southern United States (Arizona, California, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma an ...

'' ( Mitchill, 1815) ** '' Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus'' ( Lacépède, 1803) (Sheepshead minnow) * '' Cyprinodon verecundus''

, 1984 (Largefin pupfish) * '' Cyprinodon veronicae'' Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 (Charco Palma pupfish)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1726419 Cyprinodontidae Ovoviviparous fish Freshwater fish genera Taxa named by Bernard Germain de Lacépède