Cynipinae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

of gall wasps (Cynipidae). Many of the approximately 1,500 described species cause

galls Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissues, similar to be ...

on oaks, but some induce galls on other plant species or are

inquilines In zoology, an inquiline (from Latin ''inquilinus'', "lodger" or "tenant") is an animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of an animal of another species. For example, some organisms such as insects may live in the h ...

of the gall-inducing species. Species occur on all continents except Antarctica, with most found in the temperate regions of the

northern hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

. All

extant Extant is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English * Extant taxon, a taxon which is not extinct, ...

cynipid species are within Cynipinae since the only other recognized subfamily is Hodiernocynipinae which is based on the fossil genus '' Hodiernocynips''.

Tribes

There are 12 tribes currently recognized within Cynipinae: * Aylacini * Aulacideini *

Ceroptresini Ceroptresini is a Tribe (biology), tribe of Cynipini, oak gall wasps in the Family (biology), family Gall wasp, Cynipidae, and includes two Genus, genera: ''Ceroptres'' and ''Buffingtonella''. All but one of the 22 species currently recognized ar ...

* Cynipini (oak gall wasps) * Diastrophini * Diplolepidini (rose gall wasps) * Eschatocerini * Paraulacini * Pediaspidini * Phanacidini * Qwaqwaiini *

Synergini Synergini is a tribe (biology), tribe of gall wasps in the subfamily Cynipinae. Genera The following genera are generally accepted within Synergini: * ''Agastoroxenia'' * ''Lithosaphonecrus'' * ''Saphonecrus'' * ''Rhoophilus'' * ''Synergus ...

References

Cynipidae {{wasp-stub Hymenoptera subfamilies