In
number theory, a cyclotomic character is a
character
Character or Characters may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''Character'' (novel), a 1936 Dutch novel by Ferdinand Bordewijk
* ''Characters'' (Theophrastus), a classical Greek set of character sketches attributed to The ...
of a
Galois group giving the Galois
action on a
group of
roots of unity. As a one-dimensional
representation
Representation may refer to:
Law and politics
*Representation (politics), political activities undertaken by elected representatives, as well as other theories
** Representative democracy, type of democracy in which elected officials represent a ...
over a
ring
Ring may refer to:
* Ring (jewellery), a round band, usually made of metal, worn as ornamental jewelry
* To make a sound with a bell, and the sound made by a bell
:(hence) to initiate a telephone connection
Arts, entertainment and media Film and ...
, its
representation space
Representation theory is a branch of mathematics that studies abstract algebraic structures by ''representing'' their elements as linear transformations of vector spaces, and studies modules over these abstract algebraic structures. In essen ...
is generally denoted by (that is, it is a representation ).
''p''-adic cyclotomic character
Fix a
prime, and let denote the
absolute Galois group of the
rational numbers.
The roots of unity
form a cyclic group of order
, generated by any choice of a
primitive th root of unity .
Since all of the primitive roots in
are Galois conjugate, the Galois group
acts on
by automorphisms. After fixing a primitive root of unity
generating
, any element of
can be written as a power of
, where the exponent is a unique element in
. One can thus write
where
is the unique element as above, depending on both
and
. This defines a
group homomorphism called the mod cyclotomic character:
which is viewed as a
character
Character or Characters may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''Character'' (novel), a 1936 Dutch novel by Ferdinand Bordewijk
* ''Characters'' (Theophrastus), a classical Greek set of character sketches attributed to The ...
since the action corresponds to a homomorphism
.
Fixing
and
and varying
, the
form a compatible system in the sense that they give an element of the
inverse limit the units in the ring of
p-adic integers. Thus the
assemble to a
group homomorphism called -adic cyclotomic character:
encoding the action of
on all -power roots of unity
simultaneously. In fact equipping
with the
Krull topology and
with the
-adic topology makes this a continuous representation of a topological group.
As a compatible system of -adic representations
By varying over all prime numbers, a
compatible system of â„“-adic representations In number theory, a compatible system of â„“-adic representations is an abstraction of certain important families of â„“-adic Galois representations, indexed by prime numbers â„“, that have compatibility properties for almost all â„“.
Examples
P ...
is obtained from the -adic cyclotomic characters (when considering compatible systems of representations, the standard terminology is to use the symbol to denote a prime instead of ). That is to say, is a "family" of -adic representations
:
satisfying certain compatibilities between different primes. In fact, the form a
strictly compatible system of â„“-adic representations
In mathematical writing, the term strict refers to the property of excluding equality and equivalence and often occurs in the context of inequality and monotonic functions. It is often attached to a technical term to indicate that the exclusi ...
.
Geometric realizations
The -adic cyclotomic character is the -adic
Tate module of the
multiplicative group scheme
In mathematics, a group scheme is a type of object from algebraic geometry equipped with a composition law. Group schemes arise naturally as symmetries of schemes, and they generalize algebraic groups, in the sense that all algebraic groups ha ...
over . As such, its representation space can be viewed as the
inverse limit of the groups of th roots of unity in .
In terms of
cohomology, the -adic cyclotomic character is the
dual
Dual or Duals may refer to:
Paired/two things
* Dual (mathematics), a notion of paired concepts that mirror one another
** Dual (category theory), a formalization of mathematical duality
*** see more cases in :Duality theories
* Dual (grammatical ...
of the first -adic
étale cohomology group of . It can also be found in the étale cohomology of a
projective variety
In algebraic geometry, a projective variety over an algebraically closed field ''k'' is a subset of some projective ''n''-space \mathbb^n over ''k'' that is the zero-locus of some finite family of homogeneous polynomials of ''n'' + 1 variables w ...
, namely the
projective line: it is the dual of .
In terms of
motives, the -adic cyclotomic character is the -adic realization of the Tate motive . As a
Grothendieck motive, the Tate motive is the dual of .
[Section 3 of
]
Properties
The -adic cyclotomic character satisfies several nice properties.
*It is
unramified
In geometry, ramification is 'branching out', in the way that the square root function, for complex numbers, can be seen to have two ''branches'' differing in sign. The term is also used from the opposite perspective (branches coming together) as ...
at all primes (i.e. the
inertia subgroup
In number theory, more specifically in local class field theory, the ramification groups are a filtration of the Galois group of a local field extension, which gives detailed information on the ramification phenomena of the extension.
Ramificati ...
at acts trivially).
*If is a
Frobenius element
In commutative algebra and field theory, the Frobenius endomorphism (after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius) is a special endomorphism of commutative rings with prime characteristic , an important class which includes finite fields. The endomorphism ma ...
for , then
*It is
crystalline at .
See also
*
Tate twist
In number theory and algebraic geometry, the Tate twist, 'The Tate Twist', https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/Tate+twist named after John Tate, is an operation on Galois modules.
For example, if ''K'' is a field, ''GK'' is its absolute Galois group, ...
References
{{reflist
Algebraic number theory