The Cyclopoida are an order of small
crustacean
Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean group ...
s from the subclass
Copepod
Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat (ecology), habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthos, benthic (living on the ocean floor) ...
a. Like many other copepods, members of Cyclopoida are small,
plankton
Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) that are unable to propel themselves against a Ocean current, current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankt ...
ic
animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motilit ...
s living both in the sea and in freshwater
habitats. They are capable of rapid movement. Their
larval development is metamorphic, and the
embryo
An embryo is an initial stage of development of a multicellular organism. In organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization of the female egg cell by the male spe ...
s are carried in paired or single sacs attached to first abdominal
somite
The somites (outdated term: primitive segments) are a set of bilaterally paired blocks of paraxial mesoderm that form in the embryonic stage of somitogenesis, along the head-to-tail axis in segmented animals. In vertebrates, somites subdivide in ...
.
Distinguishing features
Cyclopoids are distinguished from other copepods by having first antennae shorter than the length of the head and thorax, and uniramous second antennae. The main joint lies between the fourth and fifth segments of the body.
Taxonomy
Cyclopoida contains 30
families
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideal ...
:
*
Archinotodelphyidae
Archinotodelphyidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Cyclopoida
The Cyclopoida are an order of small crustaceans from the subclass Copepoda. Like many other copepods, members of Cyclopoida are small, planktonic animals living bot ...
Lang, 1949
*
Ascidicolidae Thorell, 1859
*
Botryllophilidae Sars G.O., 1921
*
Buproridae Thorell, 1859
*
Chitonophilidae
The Chitonophilidae are a family of parasitic copepod
Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are bent ...
Avdeev & Sirenko, 1991
*
Chordeumiidae
Chordeumiidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Cyclopoida
The Cyclopoida are an order of small crustaceans from the subclass Copepoda. Like many other copepods, members of Cyclopoida are small, planktonic animals living both i ...
Boxshall, 1988
*
Corallovexiidae
The Corallovexiidae are a family of strictly marine parasitic copepods associated with corals and, together with members of the family Asterocheridae, dominate their ecological niche in the West Indies; in the Indo-Pacific, they are replaced by t ...
Stock, 1975
*
Cucumaricolidae
''Cucumaricola'' is a genus of crustaceans
Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, ...
Bouligand & Delamare-Deboutteville, 1959
*
Cyclopettidae Martínez Arbizu, 2000
*
Cyclopicinidae Khodami, Vaun MacArthur, Blanco-Bercial & Martinez Arbizu, 2017
*
Cyclopidae
The Cyclopidae are a family of copepods containing more than half of the 1,200 species in the order Cyclopoida in over 70 genera.
Genera
These genera are accepted as valid:
*'' Abdiacyclops'' Karanovic, 2005
*'' Acanthocyclops'' Kiefer, 1927 ...
Rafinesque, 1815
*
Cyclopinidae
Cyclopinidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Cyclopoida
The Cyclopoida are an order of small crustaceans from the subclass Copepoda. Like many other copepods, members of Cyclopoida are small, planktonic animals living both in th ...
Sars G.O., 1913
*
Enterognathidae Illg & Dudley, 1980
*
Enteropsidae
Enteropsidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Cyclopoida
The Cyclopoida are an order of small crustaceans from the subclass Copepoda. Like many other copepods, members of Cyclopoida are small, planktonic animals living both in th ...
Thorell, 1859
*
Fratiidae
''Fratia'' is a monotypic genus of crustaceans
Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepod ...
Ho, Conradi & López-González, 1998
*
Giselinidae Martínez Arbizu, 2000
*
Hemicyclopinidae Martínez Arbizu, 2001
*
Lernaeidae
Lernaeidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Cyclopoida.
Genera
Genera:
* ''Afrolernaea'' Fryer, 1956
* ''Amazolernaea'' Thatcher & Williams, 1998
* ''Areotrachelus'' Wilson, 1924
* ''Bedsylernaea'' Thatcher & Williams, 1998
* ''C ...
Cobbold, 1879
*
Mantridae
Mantridae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Cyclopoida.
Genera:
* '' Chamicola'' Ohtsuka, Boxshall & Torigoe, 2000
* ''Mantra
A mantra ( Pali: ''manta'') or mantram (मन्त्रम्) is a sacred utterance, a n ...
Leigh-Sharpe, 1934
*
Micrallectidae Huys, 2001
*
Notodelphyidae Dana, 1853
*
Oithonidae Dana, 1853
*
Ozmanidae Ho & Thatcher, 1989
*
Paralubbockiidae Boxshall & Huys, 1989
*
Psammocyclopinidae Martínez Arbizu, 2001
*
Pterinopsyllidae Sars G.O., 1913
*
Schminkepinellidae Martínez Arbizu, 2006
*
Smirnovipinidae Khodami, Vaun MacArthur, Blanco-Bercial & Martinez Arbizu, 2017
*
Speleoithonidae Rocha & Iliffe, 1991
*
Thaumatopsyllidae Sars G.O., 1913
* Cyclopoida ''
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
'' – 8 genera
Several more families are included in Suborder
Poecilostomatoida
Poecilostomatoida are an suborder of copepods. Although it was previously considered a separate order, recent research showed it to be nested within the Cyclopoida
Description
The classification of these copepods has been established on the ba ...
, a temporary name for the "poecilostome lineage"
The Poecilostomatoida were previously treated as a separate order, but molecular phylogenies show that this lineage is nested within the Cyclopoida.
References
External links
Cyclopoida fact sheet - Guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern AustraliaCyclopoida pictures
{{Taxonbar, from=Q899782
Crustacean orders