Croatian Vukovians ( sh, hrvatski vukovci) refers to a group of
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
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, capit ...
n
linguist
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...
s that were active at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Their work focused on the
standardization
Standardization or standardisation is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization ...
of the
Croatian variety of
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian () – also called Serbo-Croat (), Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and ...
language. They were led by
Tomislav Maretić
Tomislav Maretić (13 October 1854 – 15 January 1938) was a Croatian linguist and lexicographer.
He was born in Virovitica, where he attended primary school and the gymnasium (school), gymnasium in Varaždin, Požega, Croatia, Požega and Zag ...
, and the most prominent members were
Franjo Iveković
Franjo Iveković (September 19, 1834 – March 2, 1914) was a Croatian linguist and religious writer, university professor and rector of the University of Zagreb.
Born in Klanjec, he studied theology in Zagreb and Pest, receiving his Ph.D. in th ...
,
Ivan Broz
Ivan Broz (21 January 1852 – 25 December 1893) was a Croatian linguist and literary historian.
Biography
Broz was born in Klanjec where he attended primary school, then moved to primary school in Varaždin, and gymnasium in Karlovac, Po ...
,
Pero Budmani
Petar "Pero" Budmani ( sr-Cyrl, Перо Будмани; 27 October 1835 – 27 December 1914) was a writer, linguist, grammarian, and philologist from Dubrovnik and a renowned polyglot.
Biography
Budmani was born in Dubrovnik/Ragusa, at the time ...
,
Armin Pavić,
Vatroslav Rožić and others.
At the period when Vukovians operated, the issue of a dialectal basis for literary Croatian was not yet settled. Vukovians supported the Neoštokavian
Ijekavian
Shtokavian or Štokavian (; sh-Latn, štokavski / sh-Cyrl, italics=no, штокавски, ) is the prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards. It ...
dialect (
Eastern Herzegovinian dialect
The Eastern Herzegovinian dialect (, Serbo-Croatian: ''istočnohercegovački'' / источнохерцеговачки) is the most widespread subdialect of the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian, both by territory and the number of speakers. ...
) that was recorded by
Vuk Karadžić
Vuk Stefanović Karadžić ( sr-Cyrl, Вук Стефановић Караџић, ; 6 November 1787 (26 October OS)7 February 1864) was a Serbian philologist, anthropologist and linguist. He was one of the most important reformers of the mode ...
and described by
Đuro Daničić
Đuro Daničić ( sr-Cyrl, Ђуро Даничић, ; 4 April 1825 – 17 November 1882), born Đorđe Popović ( sr-cyr, Ђорђе Поповић) and also known as Đura Daničić ( sr-Cyrl, Ђура Даничић), was a Serbian philologist, ...
. They advocated the use of phonological
orthography
An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation.
Most transnational languages in the modern period have a writing system, and mos ...
. Through their positions at the
Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( la, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Croatica, hr, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, abbrev. HAZU) is the national academy of Croatia.
HAZU was founded under patronage of the Croatian bishop Jo ...
and the
University of Zagreb
The University of Zagreb ( hr, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, ; la, Universitas Studiorum Zagrabiensis) is the largest Croatian university and the oldest continuously operating university in the area covering Central Europe south of Vienna and all of ...
they exerted influence on the standardization of Croatian.
They published three fundamental works:
* ''Hrvatski pravopis'' (Croatian Normative Guide), Ivan Broz, 1892
* ''Gramatika i stilistika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika'' (Grammar and Stylistics of Croatian or Serbian Language), Tomislav Maretić, 1899
* ''Rječnik hrvatskoga jezika'' (Croatian Dictionary), Franjo Iveković and Ivan Broz, 1901
Primarily due to political reasons as well as their professional competence, the standardized and orthographic conventions introduced and advocated by Vukovians were dominant at the end of the 19th century, and have shaped the course of the language standardization in Croatia in the first half of the 20th century. In their normative works (Maretić's grammar, Broz's orthography and the Broz–Iveković dictionary) they contributed to the final formation of the Croatian standard on a Neoštokavian dialect basis.
Notes
References
*
*Pranjković, Ivo.
Hrvatski vukovci u ''Stoljećima hrvatske književnosti''(Franjo Iveković, Ivan Broz, Tomo Maretić, Vatroslav Rožić, Milan Rešetar, Antun Radić, Nikola Andrić, Dragutin Boranić: Jezikoslovne rasprave i članci, prir. Marko Samardžija)." Rasprave: Časopis Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje 28.1 (2002): 403-408.
*Alerić, Marko. Conception of the Croatian Standard Language'hrvatskih vukovaca'. Diss. Filozofski fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, 2001.
*Kuna, Branko. "Samardžija, Marko (2002)
Nekoć i nedavno. Odabrane teme iz leksikologije i novije povijesti hrvatskoga standardnoga jezika Rijeka: Izdavački centar." Jezikoslovlje 3.1-2 (2002): 253-257.
{{Wiktionary, Vukovian
19th century in Croatia
20th century in Croatia
Croatian language
Serbian language
Serbo-Croatian language
Yugoslavism