Otuke (Otuque, Otuqui) is an extinct language of the Macro-Jê family, related to

Bororo The Bororo are indigenous people of Brazil, living in the state of Mato Grosso. They also extended into Bolivia and the Brazilian state of Goiás. The Western Bororo live around the Jauru and Cabaçal rivers. The Eastern Bororo ( Orarimogodoge) ...

. Otuke territory included what is now the

Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area, (''Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Otuquis'' (''PN-ANMI Otuquis'') or ''Parque Nacional y ANMI Pantanal de Otuquis''), is a national park in the Pantanal ecoregion of ...

in eastern Bolivia.

Etymology

Combès (2012) suggests that -''toki'' ~ -''tuki'' ~ -''tuke'' (also present in the ethynonym '' Gorgotoqui'') is likely related to the

animate plural suffix -''doge'' (i.e., used to form plural nouns for ethnic groups). Hence, the name ''Otuqui'' (''Otuke'') was likely etymologically related to the name '' Gorgotoqui''.Combès, Isabelle. 2012. Susnik y los gorgotoquis. Efervescencia étnica en la Chiquitania (Oriente boliviano), p. 201–220. ''Indiana'', v. 29. Berlín.

Other varieties

Loukotka (1968)

Several attested extinct Bororoan varieties were either dialects of Otuke or closely related: *Covareca - Santa Ana mission, Bolivia *Curuminaca - Casalvasco mission, Bolivia *Coraveca (Curave, Ecorabe) -

Santo Corazón Santo Corazón is a village in San Matías Municipality in Ángel Sandoval Province, Santa Cruz Department, eastern Bolivia. The mission of Santo Corazón is one of the Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos. Santo Corazón has a population of 774 as ...

mission, Bolivia *Curucaneca (Curucane, Carruacane) - San Rafael mission, Bolivia *Tapii -

Santiago de Chiquitos Santiago de Chiquitos is a small town in Roboré Municipality in Chiquitos Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. The mission of Santiago de Chiquitos is one of the Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos. The town is located 467 km east of the city ...

mission, Bolivia

Chiquitano The Chiquitano or Chiquitos are an indigenous people of Bolivia, with a small number also living in Brazil. The Chiquitano primarily live in the Chiquitania tropical savanna of Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia, with a small number also living in Be ...

speakers also lived in many of the missions. (See

Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos The Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos are located in Santa Cruz department in eastern Bolivia. Six of these former missions (all now secular municipalities) collectively were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990. Distinguished by a un ...

for locations.) Mason (1950) says the first four are "separate and very different", but Loukotka (1968) notes that nothing is known of Curave or Curucane (or of Tapii), that only 14 words of Curumina and 19 of Covare have been preserved.

Mason (1950)

Mason (1950) lists the following varieties of Otuke: ;Otuke *Otuké *Covareca *Curuminaca *Coraveca (?); Curavé (?) *Curucaneca (?) *Tapii (?) Mason (1950) notes that Tapii may have been either Otukean or

Zamucoan Zamucoan (also Samúkoan) is a small language family of Paraguay (northeast Chaco Department, Chaco) and Bolivia (Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia), Santa Cruz Department). The family has hardly been studied by linguists (as of Adelaar & Muysken 2 ...

. The following are listed as Bororo varieties by Mason (1950): ;Bororo *Eastern: Orarimugudoge *Western: Cabasal; Campanya *Acioné *Aravira *Biriuné *Coroa (?) *Coxipo (?)

References

{{Macro-Jê languages Bororoan languages Extinct languages of South America Languages of Brazil Indigenous languages of the South American Chaco Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area

Etymology

Other varieties

Loukotka (1968)

Mason (1950)

Further reading

References