__NOTOC__ The

Indian judiciary The judiciary of India is a system of courts that interpret and apply the law in the Republic of India. India uses a ''common law system'', first introduced by the British East India Company and with influence from other colonial powers and Ind ...

has made judgments related to reservations, a system of affirmative action that provides for disadvantaged groups. These groups are primarily

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

(SCs and STs), and from 1987 extended to

Other Backward Class The Other Backward Class is a collective term used by the Government of India to classify castes which are educationally or socially backward. It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with General castes, S ...

es (OBCs). Some of the court judgements have been modified by the

Indian parliament The Parliament of India ( IAST: ) is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the ...

. Many of these cases are challenges under

constitutional law Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a State (polity), state, namely, the executive (government), executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as th ...

and have led to constitutional amendments and challenges to the legality of such amendments. The frequency of decisions being overturned or invalidated reflect the ongoing efforts by lawmakers and the judiciary to strive towards equality. Some major judgments are listed below.

Supreme Court A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...

cases are noted by the

case citation Case citation is a system used by legal professionals to identify past court case decisions, either in series of books called reporters or law reports, or in a neutral style that identifies a decision regardless of where it is reported. Case ci ...

"SC" or "SCC". All entries must be cited to reliable sources.

Footnotes

Notes

References

* ''State of Madras v. Smt. Champakam Dorairanjan'' AIR 1951 SC 226 * ''General Manager, S. Rly v. Rangachari'' AIR 1962 SC 36 * ''M R Balaji v. State of Mysore'' AIR 1963 SC 649 * ''T. Devadasan v. Union'' AIR 1964 SC 179. * ''C. A. Rajendran v. Union of India'' AIR 1965 SC 507 * ''Chamaraja v. Mysore'' AIR 1967 Mys 21 * ''Barium Chemicals Ltd. v. Company Law Board'' AIR 1967 SC 295 * ''P. Rajendran v. State of Madras'' AIR 1968 SC 1012 * ''Triloki Nath v. The state of Jammu and Kashmir'' AIR 1969 SC 1 * ''State of Punjab v. Hira Lal'' 1970(3) SCC 567 * ''State of A.P. v. U.S.V. Balram'' AIR 1972 SC 1375 * ''

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru & Ors. v. State of Kerala & Anr. (Writ Petition (Civil) 135 of 1970), also known as the Kesavananda Bharati judgement, was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India that outlined the basic structure doc ...

'' AIR 1973 SC 1461 * ''State of Kerala v. N. M. Thomas'' AIR 1976 SC 490 : (1976) 2 SCC 310 * ''Jayasree v. State of Kerala'' AIR 1976 SC 2381 * ''Minerva Mills Ltd v. Union'' (1980) 3 SCC 625: AIR 1980 SC 1789 * ''Ajay Hasia v. Khalid Mujib'' AIR 1981 SC 487 * ''Akhil Bharatiya Soshit Karamchari Sangh v. Union'' (1981) 1 SCC 246 * ''K. C. Vasant Kumar v. Karnataka'' AIR 1985 SC 1495 * ''Comptroller & Auditor-General of India, Gian Prakash v. K. S. Jaggannathan'' (1986) 2 SCC 679 * ''Syndicate Bank SC & ST Employees Association (Through its General Secretary Sh K S Badalia) & Others v. Union of India & Others'' : * ''Hindustan Zinc Ltd. v. A. P. State Electricity Board'' (1991) 3SCC 299 * '' Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India'' AIR 1993 SC 477: 1992 Supp (3) SCC 217 * ''Unni Krishnan v. State of A.P. and Others'' (1993 (1) SCC 645) * ''R K Sabharwal v. State of Punjab'' AIR 1995 SC 1371 : (1995) 2 SCC 745 * ''Union of India v. Varpal Singh'' AIR 1996 SC 448 * ''Ajitsingh Januja & Others v. State of Punjab'' AIR 1996 SC 1189 * ''Ashok Kumar Gupta: Vidyasagar Gupta v. State of Uttar Pradesh'' 1997 (5) SCC 201 * ''Jagdish Lal and others v. State of Haryana and Others'' (1997) 6 SCC 538 * ''Chander Pal & Others v. State of Haryana'' (1997) 10 SCC 474 * ''Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh v. Faculty Association 1998'' AIR(SC) 1767 : 1998 (4) SCC 1 * ''Ajitsingh Januja & Others v. State of Punjab & Others'' AIR 1999 SC 3471 * '' Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India'' AIR 2000 SC 498 * ''M G Badappanvar v. State of Karnataka'' 2001(2) SCC 666: AIR 2001 SC 260 * ''T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka'' (2002) 8 SCC 481 * ''NTR University of Health Science Vijaywada v. G Babu Rajendra Prasad'' (2003) 5 SCC 350 * ''Islamic Academy of Education & Anr. v. State of Karnataka & Others'' (2003) 6 SCC 697 * ''Saurabh Chaudri & Others. v. Union of India & Others'' (2003) 11 SCC 146 * '' P.A. Inamdar v. State of Maharashtra'' 2005 AIR(SC) 3226 * ''I.R. Coelho (Dead) by LRS. v. State of '' 2007 (2) SCC 1: 2007 AIR(SC) 861 * ''M. Nagraj & Others v. Union of India and Others'' AIR 2007 SC 71 * ''Ashok Kumara Thakur v. Union of India'' 2008 * ''K. Manorama v. Union of India'' (2010) 10 SCC 323 * ''Suraj Bhan Meena v. State of Rajasthan'' (2011) 1 SCC 467 {{Reservation in India Reservation in India India law-related lists

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Further reading