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Supreme Court Of India
The Supreme Court of India is the supreme judiciary of India, judicial authority and the supreme court, highest court of the Republic of India. It is the final Appellate court, court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases in India. It also has the power of Judicial review in India, judicial review. The Supreme Court, which consists of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of fellow 33 judges, has extensive powers in the form of original jurisdiction, original, appellate jurisdiction, appellate and Advisory opinion, advisory jurisdictions. As the apex constitutional court, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the List of High Courts of India, High Courts of various states and tribunals. As an advisory court, it hears matters which are referred by the President of India#Judicial powers, president of India. Under judicial review, the court invalidates both ordinary laws as well as Amendment of the Constitution of India, constitutional amendments as per the basi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Judges Cases
The collegium system is a collegium where incumbent judges of the Supreme Court of India appoint judges to the Judiciary of India. It originated from three Supreme Court judgments, collectively known as the Three Judges Cases. The system is known for being nepotistic. History Evolution of the concept The three Judges Cases are: # ''S. P. Gupta v. Union of India'' – 1981 (also known as the Judges' Transfer case) # ''Supreme Court Advocates-on Record Association vs Union of India'' – 1993 # ''In re'' Special Reference 1 of 1998 Over the course of the three cases, the court evolved the principle of judicial independence to mean that no other branch of the state, including the legislature and the executive, would have any say in the appointment of judges. The court then created the collegium system, which has been in use since the judgment in the second Judges Case was issued in 1993. The third Judges Case is not a case but an opinion delivered by the Supreme Court responding t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' and 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United States, the concept of jurisdiction applies at multiple levels (e.g., local, state, and federal). Jurisdiction draws its substance from international law, conflict of laws, constitutional law, and the powers of the executive and legislative branches of government to allocate resources to best serve the needs of society. International dimension Generally, international laws and treaties provide agreements which nations agree to be bound to. Such agreements are not always established or maintained. Extraterritorial jurisdiction is exercised through three principles outlined in the UN charter. These are equality of states, territorial sovereignty and non-intervention. This raises questions of when can many states prescribe or enforce jurisdiction. The ''Lotus'' case establishes two key rules t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai
Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai (born 24 November 1960), better known as B. R. Gavai, is an Indian jurist who is currently serving as the 52nd Chief Justice of India since 14 May 2025. He is a former judge of the Bombay High Court and he also currently serves as the chancellor of some National Law Universities (NLUs). He is also the ''ex officio'' patron-in-chief of National Legal Services Authority. Early life and education Gavai was born on 24 November 1960 in Amravati, Maharashtra, and studied at a primary municipal school in Amravati. He then studied at Chikitsa Samuh Madhyamik Shala and at Holy Name High School in Mumbai. After earning degrees in commerce and in law from Amravati University, he joined the legal profession in 1985. Career Gavai worked with Bar. Raja S. Bhonsale, former advocate general and judge of the High Court. He practiced independently at Bombay High Court from 1987 to 1990. After 1990, he practiced mainly before the Nagpur Bench of the Bombay High Court ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of India
The Parliament of India (ISO 15919, ISO: ) is the supreme legislative body of the Government of India, Government of the Republic of India. It is a bicameralism, bicameral legislature composed of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The president of India, President of the Republic of India, in their role as head of the legislature, has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha, but they can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the prime minister of India, Prime Minister of the Republic of India and the Union Council of Ministers. Those elected or nominated (by the president) to either house of the Parliament are referred to as member of Parliament (India), members of Parliament (MPs). The member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, members of parliament in the Lok Sabha are direct election, directly elected by the voting of Indian citizens in single-member districts and the member of Parliame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Princes
The Chamber of Princes (''Narendra Mandal'') was an institution established in 1920 by a royal proclamation of King-Emperor George V to provide a forum in which the rulers of the princely states of India could voice their needs and aspirations to the colonial government of British India. It survived until the end of the British Raj in 1947. Overview The Chamber of Princes was established in 1920, by King-Emperor George V's proclamation on 23 December 1919, after the Government of India Act 1919 was given royal assent. The creation of the chamber followed the abandonment by the British of their long-established policy of isolating the Indian rulers from each other and also from the rest of the world.Barbara N. Ramusack, ''The Princes of India in the Twilight of Empire: Dissolution of a Patron-client System, 1914–1939'' (Ohio State University Press, 1978) p. xix The Chamber first met on 8 February 1921 and initially consisted of 120 members. Of those, 108 from the more sig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of India Act 1935
The Government of India Act 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5. c. 42) was an Act of Parliament (UK), act passed by the British Parliament that originally received royal assent in August 1935. It was the longest act that the British Parliament ever enacted until the Greater London Authority Act 1999 surpassed it. Because of its length, the act was retroactively split by the Government of India (Reprinting) Act 1935 (26 Geo. 5 & 1 Edw. 8. c. 1) into two separate acts: * The Government of India Act 1935 (26 Geo. 5 & 1 Edw. 8. c. 2), having 321 sections and 10 schedules. * The Government of Burma Act 1935 (26 Geo. 5 & 1 Edw. 8. c. 3), having 159 sections and 6 schedules. The act led to: *Separation of British rule in Burma, Burma from British India, effective from April 1, 1937. *Establishment of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). *Establishment of the Union Public Service Commission, Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC), a Public service commissions in India#State Public Service Commiss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Court Of India
The Federal Court of India was a judicial body, established in India in 1937 under the provisions of the ''Government of India Act 1935'', with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. It functioned until the Supreme Court of India was established in 1950. Although the seat of the Federal Court was at Delhi, however, a separate Federal Court of Pakistan was established in Pakistan at Karachi after the Partition of India. There was a right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London from the Federal Court of India. The Federal Court had exclusive original jurisdiction in any dispute between the Central Government and the Provinces. Initially, it was empowered to hear appeals from the High Courts of the provinces in the cases which involved the interpretation of any Section of the Government of India Act, 1935. From 5 January 1948 it was also empowered to hear appeals in those cases, which did not involve any interpretation of the Government of India Ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian High Courts Act 1861
The Indian High Courts Act 1861 ( 24 & 25 Vict. c. 104) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to authorize the Crown to create High Courts in the Indian colony. Queen Victoria created the High Courts in Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay by letters patent in 1862. These High Courts would become the precursors to the High Courts in the modern day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The act was passed after the First War of Independence of 1857 and consolidated the parallel legal systems of the Crown and the East India Company. The act was passed alongside the Indian Civil Service Act 1861 ( 24 & 25 Vict. c. 54) and the Indian Councils Act 1861 ( 24 & 25 Vict. c. 67). Abolishing existing courts The act abolished the Supreme Courts at Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial centre, financ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial Committee Of The Privy Council
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is the highest court of appeal for the Crown Dependencies, the British Overseas Territories, some Commonwealth countries and a few institutions in the United Kingdom. Established on 14 August 1833 to hear appeals formerly heard by the King-in-Council, the Privy Council formerly acted as the court of last resort for the entire British Empire, except for the United Kingdom itself.P. A. Howell, ''The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, 1833–1876: Its Origins, Structure, and Development'', Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979 Formally a statutory committee of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, the Judicial Committee consists of senior judges who are Privy Councillors; they are predominantly justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and senior judges from the Commonwealth of Nations. Although it is often simply referred to as the "Privy Council", the Judicial Committee is only one constitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of India/Part V
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental acts of a legislature, court cases, and treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty that establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution define ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fundamental Rights
Fundamental rights are a group of rights that have been recognized by a high degree of protection from encroachment. These rights are specifically identified in a constitution, or have been found under due process of law. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 17, established in 2015, underscores the link between promoting human rights and sustaining peace. List of important rights Some universally recognised rights that are seen as fundamental, i.e., contained in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the U.N. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, or the U.N. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, include the following: * Self-determination * Liberty * Due process of law * Freedom of movement * Right to privacy * Freedom of thought * Freedom of conscience * Freedom of religion * Freedom of expression * Freedom of assembly * Freedom of association Specific jurisdictions Canada In Canada, the Chart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basic Structure Doctrine
Basic or BASIC may refer to: Science and technology * BASIC, a computer programming language * Basic (chemistry), having the properties of a base * Basic access authentication, in HTTP Entertainment * ''Basic'' (film), a 2003 film * Basic, one of the languages in ''Star Wars'' Music * ''Basic'' (Glen Campbell album), 1978 * ''Basic'' (Robert Quine and Fred Maher album), 1984 * ''B.A.S.I.C.'' (Alpinestars album), 2000 * ''Basic'' (Brown Eyed Girls album), 2015 * ''B.A.S.I.C.'' (The Basics album), 2019 Places * Basic, Mississippi, a community in the US * BASIC countries, Brazil, South Africa, India and China in climate change negotiations Organizations * BASIC Bank Limited, government owned bank in Bangladesh * Basic Books, an American publisher Other uses * Basic (cigarette), a brand of cigarettes manufactured by the Altria Group (Philip Morris Company) * Basic (dance move), the dance move that defines the character of a particular dance * Basic (slang), a pejorat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
