The County of Aumale, later elevated to a duchy, was a medieval

fief A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form ...

Normandy Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...

. It was disputed between England and France during parts of the Hundred Years' War.

Aumale in Norman nobility

Aumale was a medieval fief in the Duchy of Normandy and, after 1066, of the King of England. According to Chisholm, the fief of Aumale was granted by the

archbishop of Rouen The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Rouen (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Rothomagensis''; French: ''Archidiocèse de Rouen'') is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. As one of the fifteen Archbishops of France, the Arch ...

to Odo, brother-in-law of

William the Conqueror William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first House of Normandy, Norman List of English monarchs#House of Norman ...

, who erected it into a countship. However, Thompson tells us Aumale was given to

Adelaide Adelaide ( ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The dem ...

, William's half-sister, as a

dower Dower is a provision accorded traditionally by a husband or his family, to a wife for her support should she become widowed. It was settled on the bride (being gifted into trust) by agreement at the time of the wedding, or as provided by law. ...

by her first husband Enguerrand; it then passed '' jure uxoris'' to her second and third husbands, Lambert and Odo.Kathleen Thompson, 'Being the Ducal Sister: The Role of Adelaide of Aumale', ''Normandy and its Neighbours 900–1250; Essays for David Bates'', ed. David Crouch, Kathleen Thompson (Brepols Publishers, Belgium, 2011), p. 72 In the

Domesday Book Domesday Book () – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manus ...

of 1086, Adelaide is recorded as the Countess of Aumale, with holdings in Suffolk and Essex. In 1087 Odo received the Lordship of

Holderness Holderness is an area of the East Riding of Yorkshire, on the north-east coast of England. An area of rich agricultural land, Holderness was marshland until it was drained in the Middle Ages. Topographically, Holderness has more in common wit ...

, and at some time before 1090 Adelaide's holdings were passed to their son,

Stephen Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; ...

. In 1102 the fief, with Odo's lands in Holderness, passed to their son, Stephen.

Lords of Aumale

Norman Counts: *Guerinfroi, lord before 996–? *Guerinfroi Aymard (son) ?–1048 * Bertha of Aumale (daughter) 1048–1052 **

Hugh II, Count of Ponthieu Hugh II of Ponthieu was count of Ponthieu and lord of Abbeville, the son of Enguerrand I of Ponthieu. Evidently, Hugh II was the half-brother of Guy, who became the bishop of Amiens; Fulk, who became the abbot of Forest l'Abbaye; and Robert. Howev ...

1048–1052 (married to Bertha) * Enguerrand I of Aumale (married Adelaide of Normandy, who retained the lordship after her husband's death) *

Adelaide of Normandy Adelaide of Normandy (or Adeliza) ( 1030 – bef. 1090) was the ruling Countess of Aumale in her own right in 1069-1087. She was the sister of William the Conqueror. Life Born 1030, Adelaide was an illegitimate daughter of the Duchy of Normand ...

1053–1087 ''with'' ** Lambert of Boulogne 1053–1054 (married to Adelaide)

Counts of Aumale

Anglo-Norman Counts: * Odo of Troyes 1069–1115 (married to Adelaide) * Stephen of Aumale before 1070–1127 * William le Gros 1127–1179 * Hawise of Aumale 1179–1194 with her husbands as Counts '' jure uxoris'': **

William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex (1st Creation) (died 14 November 1189) was a loyal councillor of Henry II and Richard I of England. William was the second son of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex and Rohese de Vere, Countess ...

1180–1189 ** William de Forz 1189–1194 **

Baldwin of Bethune Baldwin is a Germanic name, composed of the elements ''bald'' "bold" and ''win'' "friend". People * Baldwin (name) Places Canada * Baldwin, York Regional Municipality, Ontario * Baldwin, Ontario, in Sudbury District * Baldwin's Mills, ...

1195–1196 *''confiscated; to

French royal domain The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or (in French) ''domaine royal'' (from demesne) of France were the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the kings of France. While the term eventually came to refer to a territorial unit, the ...

. However, the English kings continued to recognise the title, as Earl of Albemarle'' (see English peerage section below)

Aumale in the French nobility

In 1196,

Philip II of France Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (french: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French m ...

captured the castle of

Aumale Aumale (), formerly known as Albemarle," is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in north-western France. It lies on the River Bresle. History The town's Latin name was ''Alba Marla''. It was raised by William t ...

, and granted the title of "Count of Aumale" to

Renaud de Dammartin Renaud de Dammartin (Reginald of Boulogne) (c. 1165 – 1227) was Count of Boulogne from 1190, Count of Dammartin from 1200 to 1214 and Count of Aumale from 1204 to 1214. He was son of Alberic III of Dammartin and Mathilde of Clermont. Brou ...

. It was later was held by the houses of Castile, Harcourt, and Lorraine. After several extinctions the title was re-created in 1547 for Francis, then styled Count of Aumale by courtesy. On his accession as

Duke of Guise Count of Guise and Duke of Guise (pronounced �ɥiz were titles in the French nobility. Originally a seigneurie, in 1417 Guise was erected into a county for René, a younger son of Louis II of Anjou. While disputed by the House of Luxembourg ...

, he ceded it to his brother

Claude, Duke of Aumale Claude of Lorraine, Duke of Aumale (18 August 1526, Joinville – 3 March 1573, La Rochelle) was the third son of Claude, Duke of Guise and Antoinette de Bourbon. He was a prince of Lorraine by birth. Biography As part of the Treaty of Boulog ...

. It was later used as a title by Henri d'Orléans, the youngest son of

Louis-Philippe Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wa ...

, King of the French and Duke of Orléans. , the titleholder is a grandson of the late Henri, Count of Paris, Orléans heir, and his wife,

Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza (Isabelle Marie Amélie Louise Victoire Thérèse Jeanne; 13 August 1911 – 5 July 2003) was a French-Brazilian memoirist and consort of the Orléanist pretender, Henri, Count of Paris. Early life Born ...

of Brazil. Prince Foulques, Duke of Aumale, son of Prince Jacques, Duke of Orléans and the duchess, née Gersende de Sabran-Pontèves, added it to his title of Comte d'Eu.

Counts of Aumale (House of Dammartin)

French Counts: *

Renaud I, Count of Dammartin Renaud de Dammartin (Reginald of Boulogne) (c. 1165 – 1227) was Count of Boulogne from 1190, Count of Dammartin from 1200 to 1214 and Count of Aumale from 1204 to 1214. He was son of Alberic III of Dammartin and Mathilde of Clermont. Brou ...

1224–1227 * Mathilde de Dammartin 1227–1260, also Countess of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Queen of Portugal by her two marriages, Countess of Mortain, Countess of Boulogne and Countess of Dammartin-en-Goële ''with'' **

Philip Hurepel Philip I of Boulogne (Philip Hurepel) (1200–1235) was a French prince, Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis in his own right, and Count of Boulogne, Mortain, Aumale, and Dammartin-en-Goële '' jure uxoris''. Philip was born in September 1200, the so ...

1227–1234 (married to Mathilde) ** Alphonso of Portugal 1238–1253 (married to Mathilde) * Simon of Dammartin 1234–1239 * Joan of Dammartin 1239–1278 ''with''

Counts of Aumale (House of Castile)

* Ferdinand I 1239–1252 (married to Joan) * Ferdinand II, Count of Aumale 1252–1260 (son of Joan and Ferdinand I) * John I 1260–1302 (son of Ferdinand II) *

John II John II may refer to: People * John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (1455–1499) * John II Casimir Vasa of Poland (1609–1672) * John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch (died 1302) * John II Doukas of Thessaly (1303–1318) * John II Komnenos (1087–1 ...

1302–1343 (married to Catherine of Artois, daughter of

Philip of Artois Philip of Artois (November 1269 – 11 September 1298) was the son of Robert II of Artois, Count of Artois, and Amicie de Courtenay. He was the Lord of Conches, Nonancourt, and Domfront. He married Blanche of Brittany, daughter of John ...

and

Blanche of Brittany Blanche of Brittany (1271–1327) was a daughter of John II, Duke of Brittany, and his wife Beatrice of England. She is also known as Blanche de Dreux. Through her mother she was the granddaughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Prov ...

) * Blanche of Ponthieu 1343–1387 ''with''

Counts of Aumale (House of Harcourt)

* John III 1343–1356 (husband of Blanche) * John IV 1356–1389 (son) * John V 1389–1452 (son) ** John VI, ''de facto'' 1415–1424 (son) *

Mary Mary may refer to: People * Mary (name), a feminine given name (includes a list of people with the name) Religious contexts * New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below * Mary, mother of Jesus, also calle ...

, ''de facto'' 1424–1452, ''de jure'' to 1476 (sister), ''with''

Counts of Aumale (House of Lorraine-Vaudémont)

Antoine, Count of Vaudémont Antoine of Vaudémont ( – 22 March 1458) was Count of Vaudémont and Sieur de Joinville from 1418 to 1458. By marriage, he was also Count of Harcourt, Count of Aumale, and Baron of Elbeuf from 1452 to 1458. Life His uncle Charles II, Duke ...

1452–1458 (married to Marie) * John VI 1458–1473 (son of Antoine and Marie) *

René René ('' born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus. René is the masculine form of the name ( Renée being the femin ...

1473–1508 (nephew of John) * Claude I 1508–1547

Dukes of Aumale

* Francis 1547–1550 * Claude II 1550–1573 * Charles 1573–1595 *

Anne Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female given name Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie. Anne is sometimes used as a male name in the ...

1618–1638 (countess of

Maulévrier Maulévrier () is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. Points of interest * Parc Oriental de Maulévrier which is the biggest Japanese garden in France See also *Communes of the Maine-et-Loire department The followin ...

) * Henry of Savoy,

Duke of Nemours Duke of Nemours was a title in the Peerage of France. The name refers to Nemours in the Île-de-France region of north-central France. History In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Lordship of Nemours, in the Gatinais, France, was a possession of t ...

1618–1632 (married to Anne) * Louis of Savoy 1638–1641 (also Duke of Nemours) * Charles Amadeus of Savoy 1641–1652 (also Duke of Nemours) *''to royal domain'' * Marie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours * Louis Charles de Bourbon (1701–1773) *''sold to the crown, but payment not made, so returned to the heir'' * Louis Jean Marie of Bourbon (1776–1793) *

Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale Henri Eugène Philippe Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale (16 January 1822 – 7 May 1897) was a leader of the Orleanists, a political faction in 19th-century France associated with constitutional monarchy. He was born in Paris, the fifth son of K ...

(1822–1897)

Aumale in the English peerage

Through the end of the Hundred Years' War, the kings of England at various times ruled

, through their claims to be dukes of Normandy and later, kings of France. The title of Count or Duke of Aumale was granted several times during this period.

Earls of Aumale (1095)

In 1196,

captured the castle of

(and, subsequently, the remainder of

). However, despite this, the kings of England continued to claim the Duchy of Normandy, and to recognize the old line of Counts or Earls of Aumale. These were: * ''see above for Counts before 1196'' * Hawise of Aumale, 2nd Countess of Aumale (died 1214), married, bef. 1196: **

(died 1212), Count of Aumale ''jure uxoris'' Seal 1 WilliamDeForz 4thEarlOfAlbemarle Died1260

* William de Forz, 3rd Earl of Albemarle (died 1242), son of the 2nd Countess by her second husband William de Forz (died 1195) *

William de Forz, 4th Earl of Albemarle William de Forz, 4th Earl of Albemarle (died 1260) ( Latinised as ''de Fortibus'', sometimes spelt Deforce) played a conspicuous part in the reign of Henry III of England, notably in the Mad Parliament of 1258. William married twice. His firs ...

(died 1260), son of the 3rd Earl * Thomas de Forz, 5th Earl of Albemarle (died 1269), son of the 4th Earl *

Aveline de Forz, Countess of Albemarle Aveline is a surname of Norman French origin, derived from a given name, a diminutive of Ava. The surname is in turn the origin of the given name Evelyn. In modern French, ''aveline'' means hazelnut. This is derived from the name of the Itali ...

(died 1274), daughter of the 4th Earl Aveline married

Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster Edmund, Earl of Lancaster and Earl of Leicester (16 January 12455 June 1296) nicknamed Edmund Crouchback was a member of the House of Plantagenet. He was the second surviving son of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. In his chi ...

, in 1269, but she died without issue in 1274. A claim upon the inheritance by John de Eston (de Ashton) was settled in 1278 with the surrender of the earldom to the Crown.

Dukes of Aumale, first Creation (1385)

:''also: Duke of Gloucester (1385–1397),

Earl of Essex Earl of Essex is a title in the Peerage of England which was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England. The title has been recreated eight times from its original inception, beginning with a new first Earl upon each new cre ...

(1376–1397),

Earl of Buckingham The peerage title Earl of Buckingham was created several times in the Peerage of England. It is not to be confused with the title of Earl of Buckinghamshire. It was first created in 1097 for Walter Giffard, but became extinct in 1164 with the d ...

(1377)'' *

Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester (7 January 13558 or 9 September 1397) was the fifth surviving son and youngest child of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Early life Thomas was born on 7 January 1355 at Woodsto ...

(died 1397), fifth son of Edward III, was created Duke of Aumale by

writ of summons A writ of summons is a formal document issued by the monarch that enables someone to sit in a Parliament under the United Kingdom's Westminster system. At the beginning of each new Parliament, each person who has established their right to attend ...

on 3 September 1385, but was also made Duke of Gloucester very soon after, and seems never to have used the former title. It was almost certainly forfeit upon his murder while awaiting trial for treason. ''Note: This creation is not listed in several sources such as "The Complete Peerage", which indicates the creation shown below as the 1st.''

Dukes of Aumale, second Creation (1397)

:''also: Duke of York (1385),

Earl of Cambridge The title of Earl of Cambridge was created several times in the Peerage of England, and since 1362 the title has been closely associated with the Royal family (see also Duke of Cambridge, Marquess of Cambridge). The first Earl of the fourth crea ...

(1362–1414),

Earl of Rutland Earl () is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. The title originates in the Old English word ''eorl'', meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form ''jarl'', and meant "chieftain", particular ...

(1390–1402),

Earl of Cork Earl of Cork is a title in the Peerage of Ireland, held in conjunction with the Earldom of Orrery since 1753. It was created in 1620 for Richard Boyle, 1st Baron Boyle. He had already been created Lord Boyle, Baron of Youghal, in the County o ...

(c. 1396)'' * Edward of Norwich, 1st Earl of Rutland (died 1415), first son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (himself fourth son of Edward III), was created Duke of Aumale shortly after Woodstock's murder, but was deprived of the title by Henry IV Bolingbroke in 1399. Edward is referred to in

Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's natio ...

's '' Richard II'' as the " Duke of Aumerle"

Earls of Aumale (1412)

:''also:

Duke of Clarence Duke of Clarence is a substantive title which has been traditionally awarded to junior members of the British Royal Family. All three creations were in the Peerage of England. The title was first granted to Lionel of Antwerp, the second son ...

(1412)'' *

Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence (autumn 1387 – 22 March 1421) was a medieval English prince and soldier, the second son of Henry IV of England, brother of Henry V, and heir to the throne in the event of his brother's death. He acted ...

(1387–1421), second son of Henry IV Bolingbroke, was created Earl of Aumale along with his dukedom of Clarence, and carried both titles until his death without issue.

Counts of Aumale (1422)

:''also:

Earl of Warwick Earl of Warwick is one of the most prestigious titles in the peerages of the United Kingdom. The title has been created four times in English history, and the name refers to Warwick Castle and the town of Warwick. Overview The first creation ...

(1088)'' *

Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (25 or 28 January 138230 April 1439) was an English medieval nobleman and military commander. Early life Beauchamp was born at Salwarpe Court Richard Gough, ''Description of the Beauchamp chapel, adjoi ...

(1382–1439), military commander under

Henry V Henry V may refer to: People * Henry V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1026) * Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (1081/86–1125) * Henry V, Duke of Carinthia (died 1161) * Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine (c. 1173–1227) * Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (1 ...

in France, was created Count of Aumale for life only. In further creations in the English peerage after the Hundred Years' War, Aumale was spelled in the Latinised form Albemarle. For these, see ''

Duke of Albemarle The Dukedom of Albemarle () has been created twice in the Peerage of England, each time ending in extinction. Additionally, the title was created a third time by James II in exile and a fourth time by his son the Old Pretender, in the Jacobite ...

'' and ''

Earl of Albemarle Earl of Albemarle is a title created several times from Norman times onwards. The word ''Albemarle'' is derived from the Latinised form of the French county of ''Aumale'' in Normandy (Latin: ''Alba Marla'' meaning "White Marl", marl being a typ ...

''.

References

* {{Cite EB1911, wstitle=Albemarle, Earls and Dukes of, volume=1, pages=492–493 * Turner, Ralph V. "William De Forz, Count of Aumale: An Early Thirteenth-Century English Baron", ''Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society'', Vol. 115, No. 3 (June 17, 1971), pp. 221–249.

Earls of Albemarle Noble titles created in 1412