Since 1870, there have been several formal attempts to restrict the copper output and raise, in this form, its price.
This is a list of copper
cartel
A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. Cartels are usually associations in the same sphere of business, and thus an alliance of rivals. Mos ...
s in the 20th century:
*
Copper Export Association, CEA, 1918–1923
*
Copper Exporters, Inc., CEI, 1926–1932
*
International Copper Cartel, ICC, 1935–1939 (created by the
World Copper Agreement)
*
Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries
The Intergovernmental Council of Countries Exporters of Copper (CIPEC) (French ''Conseil intergouvernemental des pays exportateurs de cuivre'') was created in 1967 in Lusaka with the objective of coordinating policies of the country members lookin ...
, CIPEC, 1967–1988
Further reading
* Herfindahl, O. (1959) Copper costs and prices: 1870–1957, RFF, Baltimore.
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Copper cartels
Copper mining