Convoy HX 231 was the 231st of the numbered series of
Second World War HX convoys of merchant ships from
HalifaX to
Liverpool. The ships departed
New York City on 25 March 1943 and were met on 31 March by
Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group
B-7. The convoy was found on 4 April and attacked by eleven
U-boats of the
1st
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1).
First or 1st may also refer to:
*World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement
Arts and media Music
* 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...
,
3rd
Third or 3rd may refer to:
Numbers
* 3rd, the ordinal form of the cardinal number 3
* , a fraction of one third
* Second#Sexagesimal divisions of calendar time and day, 1⁄60 of a ''second'', or 1⁄3600 of a ''minute''
Places
* 3rd Street (d ...
,
6th
6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number.
In mathematics
Six is the smallest positive integer which is neither a square number nor a prime number; it is the second small ...
and
10th
10 (ten) is the even natural number following 9 and preceding 11. Ten is the base of the decimal numeral system, by far the most common system of denoting numbers in both spoken and written language. It is the first double-digit number. The rea ...
U-boat flotillas, operating out of
Brest,
La Rochelle,
St Nazaire
Saint-Nazaire (; ; Gallo: ''Saint-Nazère/Saint-Nazaer'') is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France, in traditional Brittany.
The town has a major harbour on the right bank of the Loire estuary, near the Atlantic Ocean. T ...
and
Lorient, respectively. These U-boats formed the wolfpack ''Löwenherz'' (Lionheart). The U-boats sank six ships before losing contact on 7 April. Two U-boats,
U-632 and
U-635, were sunk. Surviving ships from the convoy reached Liverpool on 10 April.
Ships in the convoy
References
Bibliography
*
Further reading
*
*
External links
* {{cite web , url= http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=231!~hxmain , last=Hague , first=Arnold , title=Convoy HX.231 , work=HX Convoy Series , publisher=Don Kindell, Convoyweb
HX231
Naval battles of World War II involving Canada