The tables below list equivalent dates in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Years are given in

astronomical year numbering Astronomical year numbering is based on AD/ CE year numbering, but follows normal decimal integer numbering more strictly. Thus, it has a year 0; the years before that are designated with negative numbers and the years after that are designated w ...

Conventions

*Within these tables, January 1 is always the first day of the year. *The

Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years dif ...

did not exist before October 15, 1582. Gregorian dates before that are ''

proleptic Proleptic may refer to: * Prolepsis Prolepsis may refer to: * Prolepsis (rhetoric), a figure of speech in which the speaker raises an objection and then immediately answers it *Prolepsis (literary), anticipating action, a flash forward, see For ...

'', that is, using the Gregorian rules to reckon backward from October 15, 1582. *Years are given in

. *

Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pri ...

corrected errors in the observance of leap years by omitting leap days until AD 8.

Julian calendar The Julian calendar, proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on , by edict. It was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandr ...

dates before March AD 4 are proleptic, and do not necessarily match the dates actually observed in the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterr ...

Conversion table

This table is taken from the book by the Nautical almanac offices of the United Kingdom and United States originally published in 1961.

Using the tables

Dates near leap days that are observed in the Julian calendar but not in the Gregorian are listed in the table. Dates near the adoption date in some countries are also listed. For dates not listed, see below. The usual rules of algebraic addition and subtraction apply; adding a negative number is the same as subtracting the

absolute value In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number x, is the non-negative value without regard to its sign. Namely, , x, =x if is a positive number, and , x, =-x if x is negative (in which case negating x makes -x positive), an ...

, and subtracting a negative number is the same as adding the absolute value. If conversion takes you past a February 29 that exists only in the Julian calendar, then February 29 is counted in the difference. Years affected are those which divide by 100 without remainder but do not divide by 400 without remainder (e.g., 1900 and 2100 but not 2000). No guidance is provided about conversion of dates before March 5, -500, or after February 29, 2100 (both being Julian dates). For unlisted dates, find the date in the table closest to, but earlier than, the date to be converted. Be sure to use the correct column. If converting from Julian to Gregorian, add the number from the "Difference" column. If converting from Gregorian to Julian, subtract.

References

External links

* {{Time Topics Calendars

Conventions

Conversion table

Using the tables

See also

References

External links