''Euconcordia'' is an
extinct genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of
Late Carboniferous
Late may refer to:
* LATE, an acronym which could stand for:
** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia
** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law
** Local average treatment effect, ...
captorhinid known from
Greenwood County Greenwood County is the name of two counties in the United States:
* Greenwood County, Kansas
Greenwood County (county code GW) is a county located in the southeast portion of the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the county populat ...
,
Kansas
Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to th ...
of the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
.
Description
''Euconcordia'' is known from the
holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of sever ...
KUVP
The University of Kansas Natural History Museum is part of the University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute, a KU designated research center dedicated to the study of the life of the planet.
The museum's galleries are in Dyche Hall on the unive ...
8702a&b, well preserved
skull
The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, th ...
in
dorsal
Dorsal (from Latin ''dorsum'' ‘back’) may refer to:
* Dorsal (anatomy), an anatomical term of location referring to the back or upper side of an organism or parts of an organism
* Dorsal, positioned on top of an aircraft's fuselage
* Dorsal c ...
view along with its counterpart, a partial preserved
braincase in
ventral
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position prov ...
view, and from the referred specimen KUVP 96/95, well preserved skull in ventral view and a poorly preserved dorsal counterpart. It was collected in the
Hamilton Quarry
Hamilton Quarry is a Late Carboniferous lagerstätte near Hamilton, Kansas, United States. It has a diverse assemblage of unusually well-preserved marine, euryhaline, freshwater, flying, and terrestrial fossils (invertebrates, vertebrates, and pl ...
, from the
Calhouns Shale Formation of the Shawnee Group, dating to the Virgilian stage (or alternatively late
Kasimovian
The Kasimovian is a geochronologic age or chronostratigraphic stage in the ICS geologic timescale. It is the third stage in the Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous), lasting from to Ma.; 2004: ''A Geologic Time Scale 2004'', Cambridge Univer ...
to early
Gzhelian
The Gzhelian ( ) is an age in the ICS geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest stage of the Pennsylvanian, the youngest subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Gzhelian lasted from to Ma. It follows the Ka ...
stage) of the Late
Pennsylvanian Series
Series may refer to:
People with the name
* Caroline Series (born 1951), English mathematician, daughter of George Series
* George Series (1920–1995), English physicist
Arts, entertainment, and media
Music
* Series, the ordered sets used in ...
, about 300
million years ago
The abbreviation Myr, "million years", is a unit of a quantity of (i.e. ) years, or 31.556926 teraseconds.
Usage
Myr (million years) is in common use in fields such as Earth science and cosmology. Myr is also used with Mya (million years ago) ...
. ''Euconcordia'' was originally thought to be the
basalmost known member of Captorhinidae.
[ A novel phylogenic study of primitive reptile relationships by Müller & Reisz in 2006 recovered '']Thuringothyris
''Thuringothyris'' is an extinct genus of Early Permian eureptiles known from the Thuringian Forest in central Germany.
Description
''Thuringothyris'' is known from the holotype MNG 7729, articulated well-preserved skull and partial postc ...
'' as a sister taxon of the Captorhinidae, and therefore, by definition, ''Thuringothyris'' represents the basalmost known captorhinid.[Muller, J. and Reisz, R.R. (2006). "The phylogeny of early eureptiles: Comparing parsimony and Bayesian approaches in the investigation of a basal fossil clade." ''Systematic Biology'', 55(3):503-511. ] The same results were obtained in later phylogenic analyses. ''Euconcordia'' is still the earliest known captorhinid as all other captorhinid taxa are known only from Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last ...
deposits.[
]
Etymology
''Euconcordia'' was first named by Johannes Müller and Robert R. Reisz in 2005. Its original generic name was ''Concordia'' and the type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specime ...
is ''Concordia cunninghami''. The original generic name was derived from the Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
''concordia'', meaning "unity" or "harmony". The specific name honors Christopher R. Cunningham for studying this taxon as part of his PhD thesis on the Hamilton Quarry.[ The original generic name turned out to be preoccupied by extant hippolytid crustacean ''Concordia'' Kingsley, 1880 (currently considered a junior synonym of '' Latreutes'' Stimpson, 1860). Reisz, Haridy & Müller (2016) coined a replacement name ''Euconcordia''.]
References
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*Point 1
*Point 2
*Point 3
The bullet symbol may take any of a variety of shapes, such as circular, square, diamo ...
Carboniferous reptiles of North America
Greenwood County, Kansas
Fossil taxa described in 2016
Captorhinids
Prehistoric reptile genera
Paleontology in Kansas
{{carboniferous-animal-stub