Communist Party of Annam (''An Nam cộng sản Đảng'') was a Vietnamese political party that existed from August 1929 until February 1930. (Annam was the common name of Vietnam at that time.) It was created by leaders of the Communist Youth League. The Communist Youth League was formed by

Ho Chi Minh (: ; born ; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), commonly known as (' Uncle Hồ'), also known as ('President Hồ'), (' Old father of the people') and by other aliases, was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman. He served as P ...

in 1926 as a section of the Vietnam Revolutionary Youth League. Initially based in

Guangzhou Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...

, southern China, the League created publications that were clandestinely smuggled into Vietnam. In 1927 the communists were expelled from Guangzhou by Chiang Kai-shek. The league's first (and only) congress was held in Hong Kong in May 1929. It was marred by factionalism that mirrored the struggle between

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretar ...

and Nikolai Bukharin then going on in Moscow. Inspired by Stalin's call for communist separatism, Trần Văn Cung, head of league's

Tonkin Tonkin, also spelled ''Tongkin'', ''Tonquin'' or ''Tongking'', is an exonym referring to the northern region of Vietnam. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the domain '' Đàng Ngoài'' under Trịnh lords' control, includ ...

section, led a walkout by a group of delegates. Cung returned to Vietnam and, on June 17, founded the

Communist Party of Indochina The Communist Party of Indochina (Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: ''Đông Dương Cộng sản Đảng'' 1929–1930) is one of three predecessors of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Other two predecessors are the Communist Party of Annam (An Nam ...

. Other Vietnamese communist leaders were reluctant to act decisively until the outcome in Moscow was clear. In August, the remaining leadership of the league founded the CPA. The party was led by a five-member "special branch", including Châu Vǎn Liêm (Secretary), Nguyễn Thiệu, Lê Hồng Sơn, Hồ Tùng Mậu,... and Le Quang Dat.Duiker, William J., ''Ho Chi Minh'', p. 159. On October 27, 1929, Comintern issued a letter criticizing the CPA, praising the ICP, and directing that a conference be held to reunite the parties.Duiker, p. 160. (This was the method of resolving the dispute proposed by the CPA leadership.) The two parties merged in February 1930 at a conference in Kowloon, forming the Communist Party of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh, at this time a representative of Comintern, presided over this conference.

References

{{Authority control Defunct political parties in Vietnam Communist parties in Vietnam History of the Communist Party of Vietnam Political parties established in 1929 Political parties disestablished in 1930 1929 establishments in French Indochina 1930 disestablishments in French Indochina 1929 establishments in Vietnam 1930 disestablishments in Vietnam 1920s in French Indochina 1920s in Vietnam