The College Republican National Committee (CRNC) is a national organization for
College Republicans —
college
A college (Latin: ''collegium'') is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, an institution offerin ...
and
university
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States ...
students who support the
Republican Party of the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
. The organization is known as an active recruiting tool for the party and has produced many prominent
republican
Republican can refer to:
Political ideology
* An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law.
** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...
and
conservative
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...
activists and introduced more party members to the Republican party than any other organization in the nation.
The
organizational structure
An organizational structure defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizational aims.
Organizational structure affects organizational action and provides the foundat ...
of the College Republicans has changed significantly since its founding in 1892. Founded as an organization for the
Republican National Committee
The Republican National Committee (RNC) is a U.S. Political action committee, political committee that assists the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party of the United States. It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republi ...
, the College Republicans now operate as an independent
527 group
A 527 organization or 527 group is a type of U.S. tax-exempt organization organized under Section 527 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (). A 527 group is created primarily to influence the selection, nomination, election, appointment or defea ...
. After the
Young Republican National Federation
The Young Republican National Federation, commonly referred to as the Young Republicans or YRNF, is a 527 organization for members of the Republican Party of the United States between the ages of 18 and 40. It has both a national organization ...
was spun off from the College Republicans organization in 1972, the groups operate independently of one another.
History
Founding and early history
The College Republicans were founded as the American Republican College League on May 17, 1892 at the
University of Michigan
, mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth"
, former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821)
, budget = $10.3 billion (2021)
, endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...
.
The organization was spearheaded by law student
James Francis Burke James Burke may refer to:
Politics
* James F. Burke (politician) (1867–1932), United States Representative from Pennsylvania
* James Burke (Australian politician) (born 1971), member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly
* James Burke ...
, who would later serve as a Congressman from Pennsylvania.
The inaugural meeting was attended by over 1,000 students from across the country, from
Stanford University in the west to
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...
in the east. Contemporary politicians also attended the meeting, including Judge
John M. Thurston, Senator
Russell A. Alger
Russell Alexander Alger (February 27, 1836 – January 24, 1907) was an American politician and businessman. He served as the 20th Governor of Michigan, U.S. Senator, and U.S. Secretary of War.
He was supposedly a distant relation of author H ...
, Congressman
J. Sloat Fassett, Congressman
W. E. Mason,
John M. Langston, and Abraham Lincoln's successor in the Illinois State Legislature,
A. J. Lester
A is the first letter of the Latin and English alphabet.
A may also refer to:
Science and technology Quantities and units
* ''a'', a measure for the attraction between particles in the Van der Waals equation
* A value, ''A'' value, a mea ...
. Then-Governor of Ohio
William McKinley
William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in ...
gave a rousing keynote speech.
The College Republicans quickly pursued a strategy of sending college students to vote in their home districts and registering others to vote where they schooled to swing closely contested districts.
This strategy was successfully implemented for the
1900 presidential election between William McKinley and
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, orator and politician. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, running three times as the party's nominee for President ...
, helping win Bryan's home state of Nebraska for McKinley.
![James Francis Burke](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/James_Francis_Burke.JPG)
The College Republicans were financed, at least in part, by the Republican National Committee throughout much of its history. James Francis Burke received significant funding from the RNC to support the American Republican College League's founding and to maintain the organization's early offices in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...
and
Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
, image_map =
, map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago
, coordinates =
, coordinates_footnotes =
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name ...
.
By 1924, the organization was operating directly under the auspices of the RNC as the Associated University Republican Clubs.
The relative dominance of the Democratic party through the 1930s through the 1960s coincided with a precipitous drop in the membership and effectiveness of the College Republicans.
In 1931, the College Republicans were absorbed as an arm of the
Hoover campaign.
For the next several years the organization operated alternately under the auspices of the "Republican National League," "Young Republican National Committee," and the "Division of Young Republican Activities."
In 1935, the College Republicans were merged into the newly created Young Republican National Federation, encompassing both college students and young professionals.
College Republican operations continued under the Young Republicans until the 1965 founding of the "College Republican National Committee."
Modern history
In 1967,
Morton Blackwell
Morton C. Blackwell (born November 16, 1939, La Jara, Colorado) is an American conservative activist. He is the founder and president of the Leadership Institute (established 1979), a 501(c)3 non-profit educational foundation that teaches polit ...
, then a field representative for the CRNC to Kentucky, developed many of the principles now used by the College Republicans. As the college organizer supporting
Louie Nunn's campaign for
Governor of Kentucky
The governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky is the head of government of Kentucky. Sixty-two men and one woman have served as governor of Kentucky. The governor's term is four years in length; since 1992, incumbents have been able to seek re-e ...
, Blackwell organized approximately 5,000 college student volunteers who dropped 93,000 pieces of literature, posted 20,000 flyers, mailed 15,000 hand-addressed and signed postcards to friends of known student supporters of Nunn, and processed over 8,000 absentee ballots.
On election day, Nunn became the first Republican governor of Kentucky in 20 years. ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid d ...
'' and Louie Nunn himself credited the efforts of Blackwell's volunteers.
In 1970, the Young Republican National Federation was permanently spun off from the College Republicans in 1970 to prevent counter-productive infighting among the two groups.
In 1972 the Republican National Committee made the College Republican National Committee an auxiliary arm of the RNC.
In 1973,
Karl Rove ran for chair of the College Republicans. He challenged the front-runner's delegates, throwing the national convention into disarray, after which both he and his opponent, Robert Edgeworth, claimed victory. The dispute was resolved when Rove was selected through the direct order of the chairman of the Republican National Committee, who at the time was
George H W Bush.
By 1980, only 20 active College Republican chapters remained. By the US presidential election in 1980, that number had increased to 1,000 active clubs, helping Reagan win 98 of 105 mock elections and recruiting thousands of voters. This success led to $290,000 in financial assistance from the RNC, mainly to implement Jack Abramoff's field representative program.
Abramoff's fund-raising efforts brought in an additional $1,160,000 during the next two years. By 1983, only 10% of the CRNC's budget came from the RNC.
Prompted by the 2002
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (, ), commonly known as the McCain–Feingold Act or BCRA (pronounced "bik-ruh"), is a United States federal law that amended the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, which regulates the financing o ...
, the CRNC officially left the control of the RNC by reconstituting as a
527 group
A 527 organization or 527 group is a type of U.S. tax-exempt organization organized under Section 527 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (). A 527 group is created primarily to influence the selection, nomination, election, appointment or defea ...
, allowing it to operate independently and raise unlimited amount of money for issue-advocacy work. As a 527 group, the organization is prohibited from coordinating directly with a particular campaign and its recent focus has turned towards developing volunteers and other support activities rather than outright campaigning. The shift has allowed the CRNC to vastly expand its fundraising efforts. During its first two years, the CRNC raised $17.3 million, most going to pay fundraising costs and other administrative costs, while leaving more than $2 million to expand the field representative program and to improve pay for the full-time positions.
The CRNC was criticized for its relationship with
Response Dynamics, a
Virginia
Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
-based
direct mail
Advertising mail, also known as direct mail (by its senders), junk mail (by its recipients), mailshot or admail (North America), letterbox drop or letterboxing (Australia) is the delivery of advertising material to recipients of postal mail. The d ...
company. The relationship became an issue during the 2005 election for National Chairman, which was won by former CRNC Treasurer,
Paul Gourley
Paul Gourley is former National Chairman of the College Republican National Committee in the United States.
Gourley, a native of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, was elected Chair of the College Republican National Committee in 2005. He won the chairma ...
, whose signature was on the questionable fundraising letters.
Morgan Wilkins, a CRNC field representative for
election 2006 was placed on probation by the CRNC after suggesting several controversial events might be held on the University of Michigan – Ann Arbor Campus, to that school's student newspaper, the ''
Michigan Daily
''The Michigan Daily'' is the weekly student newspaper of the University of Michigan. Its first edition was published on September 29, 1890. The newspaper is financially and editorially independent of the University's administration and other st ...
.'' The events included, "Catch an Illegal Immigrant Day" and "Fun with Guns Day," where students were to shoot cardboard cutouts of prominent Democrats. This incident ultimately became a major news story on several national media outlets. Several sources, including the ''Michigan Daily'' incorrectly identified Ms. Wilkins as an employee of the Republican National Committee, rather than the CRNC, eliciting an outcry from
Democratic National Committee Chairman,
Howard Dean
Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is an American physician, author, lobbyist, and retired politician who served as the 79th governor of Vermont from 1991 to 2003 and chair of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) from 2005 to 2009 ...
. In return, GOP Chairman
Ken Mehlman
Kenneth Brian Mehlman (born August 21, 1966) is an American social entrepreneur and businessman. He serves as a member, global head of public affairs, and co-head of KKR global impact at investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts. He oversees the fir ...
condemned Wilkins' activities, as well as
Governor Dean.
Keith Olbermann
Keith Theodore Olbermann (; born January 27, 1959) is an American sports and political commentator and writer.
Olbermann spent the first 20 years of his career in sports journalism. He was a sports correspondent for CNN and for local TV and r ...
named Wilkins his "Worst Person in the World." She was suspended for the incident, and later fired by the CRNC for later creating a
Facebook
Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Mosk ...
group in which she promised to make out with individuals who signed up volunteers for get out the vote efforts.
In 2013 Alexandra Smith became the first elected female national chair of the College Republicans organization, and the first female national chair of the CRNC.
The College Republican National Committee is a member of the
International Young Democrat Union
The International Young Democrat Union (IYDU) is a global alliance of centre-right political youth organisations and the youth wing of the International Democrat Union.
The IYDU in its current form was founded in March 1991 in Washington, D.C ...
.
Governance
College Republican National Committee
The College Republican National Committee (CRNC), is the national steering organization and oversight body for all 50 state federations, 1,500 campus chapters, and 250,000 College Republicans in the country.
The
CRNC National Chairman and his or her national leadership team, including an
executive director
Executive director is commonly the title of the chief executive officer of a non-profit organization, government agency or international organization.
The title is widely used in North American and European not-for-profit organizations, though ...
, political director,
finance director
The chief financial officer (CFO) is an officer of a company or organization that is assigned the primary responsibility for managing the company's finances, including financial planning, management of financial risks, record-keeping, and finan ...
,
comptroller,
national field director,
national treasurer,
national secretary, and 4 regional
vice-chairs, are elected at the bi-annual College Republican Convention and are assisted by a full-time office staff.
State federations
There are 46 CRNC-affiliated College Republican state federations, each administering the College Republican activities at the
state level, and in the
District of Columbia
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
. The state federations of New York, Texas, Mississippi, and North Dakota, as well as the federation for U.S. territory of Puerto Rico,
are independent from the CRNC. The state federation leadership team, which includes a state
chairperson
The chairperson, also chairman, chairwoman or chair, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the grou ...
and other officers, serve as the primary link between local university chapters and the national College Republican National Committee.
The state chairman serves as the representative for College Republicans when dealing with the
state Republican Party,
local media, and
governmental entities. State federations are responsible for organizing and assisting local chapters with securing proper credentials, recruitment efforts, and campus voter
canvasses.
It is a state federation's responsibility to organize and implement activities for statewide campaigns.
Like the national organization, state federations operate as
non-profit associations that are not legally affiliated with the Republican Party.
Campus chapters
The college and university-based chapters of the College Republicans operate in a dual capacity as
student clubs associated with a particular
campus and as members of their state federation and the College Republican National Committee.
Like the state federations and national committee, the campus chapters are affiliated with their local Republican Party, but are not official arms of that organization.
The chapter chairperson and leadership team are responsible for maintaining the campus club's credentials and
constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
When these princ ...
, and representing the College Republicans when dealing with
university administration
Academic administration is a branch of university or college employees responsible for the maintenance and supervision of the institution and separate from the faculty or academics, although some personnel may have joint responsibilities. Some t ...
, other student groups, and in the surrounding community.
The campus chapter leadership team might include many members, with administrative responsibilities delegated to
dormitory and
Greek chapter chairpersons.
National leadership
As of the 2021 National Convention the CRNC Board of Directors consists of:
* Chairman: Courtney Britt
* Co-Chairman: Matt Denaro
* Treasurer: Ely Osborne
* Secretary: Mackenzie Haddix
* Midwest Regional Vice Chairman: Makenzie Jones
* Northeast Regional Vice Chairman: Cody Porter
* South Regional Vice Chairman: Alex Schramkowski
* West Regional Vice Chairman: Nick Dokoozlian
* Comptroller:
Notable members
*
Greg Abbott
Gregory Wayne Abbott (born November 13, 1957) is an American politician, attorney, and former jurist serving as the 48th governor of Texas since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 50th attorney general of Texas from 2002 ...
, 48th Governor of Texas
*
Jack Abramoff
Jack Allan Abramoff (; born February 28, 1959) is an American lobbyist, businessman, film producer, writer, and convicted felon. He was at the center of an extensive corruption investigation led by Earl Devaney that resulted in his conviction ...
, lobbyist
*
Lee Atwater
Harvey LeRoy "Lee" Atwater (February 27, 1951 – March 29, 1991) was an American political consultant and strategist for the Republican Party. He was an adviser to US presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush and chairman of the Repub ...
, Republican strategist
* Matt Wiltshire, Guinness World Record holder for most political utilizations
*
Charles R. Black Jr.
Charles R. Black Jr. (born October 11, 1947) is the Founding Chairman of Prime Policy Group, a public affairs firm which is a subsidiary of Burson-Marsteller Global Public Relations. Prime Policy Group was formed with the merger of Martin B. Go ...
, lobbyist and advisor to the
McCain presidential campaign
*
Morton Blackwell
Morton C. Blackwell (born November 16, 1939, La Jara, Colorado) is an American conservative activist. He is the founder and president of the Leadership Institute (established 1979), a 501(c)3 non-profit educational foundation that teaches polit ...
, conservative activist
*
Hillary Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, diplomat, and former lawyer who served as the 67th United States Secretary of State for President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, as a United States sen ...
, former
First Lady and Secretary of State was elected president of her College Republican chapter at
Wellesley College, before switching parties due to the
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...
*
Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States
*
Rick Davis
Richard Dean Davis (born November 24, 1958) is an American former soccer midfielder, and former captain of the U.S. National Team for much of the 1980s. He is considered by fans the best U.S.-born player of the North American Soccer League er ...
, manager of the McCain campaign
*
Jim Gilmore, former Governor of Virginia
*
Patrick McHenry
Patrick Timothy McHenry (born October 22, 1975) is the U.S. representative for , serving since 2005. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district includes the cities of Hickory and Mooresville. McHenry was a member of the North Carolina ...
, North Carolina Congressman
*
Grover Norquist
Grover Glenn Norquist (born October 19, 1956) is an American political activist and tax reduction advocate who is founder and president of Americans for Tax Reform, an organization that opposes all tax increases. A Republican, he is the primar ...
,
Americans for Tax Reform
Americans for Tax Reform (ATR) is a politically conservative U.S. advocacy group whose stated goal is "a system in which taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today." According to ATR, "The government's power to contro ...
president
*
Tom Pauken
Thomas Weir Pauken (born January 11, 1944) is an American politician and member of the Republican Party.
Pauken is a former member and chairman of the Texas Workforce Commission. A former long-term resident of Dallas, who now resides in the reso ...
,
Texas Republican Party
The Republican Party of Texas (RPT) is the affiliate of the United States Republican Party in the state of Texas. It is currently chaired by Matt Rinaldi, succeeding Allen West who resigned prior to the expiration of his term to run for governo ...
Chairman Emeritus
*
Ralph E. Reed Jr.,
Christian Coalition executive director and
political consultant
Political consulting is a form of consulting that consists primarily of advising and assisting political campaigns. Although the most important role of political consultants is arguably the development and production of mass media (largely tel ...
*
Karl Rove,
Senior Advisor
In some countries, a senior advisor (also spelt senior adviser, especially in the UK) is an appointed position by the Head of State to advise on the highest levels of national and government policy. Sometimes a junior position to this is called a N ...
to President
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, Bush family, and son of the 41st president George H. W. Bush, he ...
and a current contributor to
Fox News
The Fox News Channel, abbreviated FNC, commonly known as Fox News, and stylized in all caps, is an American multinational conservative cable news television channel based in New York City. It is owned by Fox News Media, which itself is owne ...
, who served as executive director, and then national chairman, of the CRNC during his time in the organization
*
Paul Ryan, 54th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives
*
Rick Santorum
Richard John Santorum ( ; born May 10, 1958) is an American politician, attorney, and political commentator. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a United States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2007 and was the Senate's third ...
, former U.S. Senator
*
Roger Stone
Roger Jason Stone (born Roger Joseph Stone Jr.; August 27, 1952) is an American conservative political consultant and lobbyist.
Since the 1970s, Stone has worked on the campaigns of Republican politicians, including Richard Nixon, Ronald Rea ...
, political consultant
*
Roger Wicker
Roger Frederick Wicker (born July 5, 1951) is an American attorney and politician serving as the senior United States senator from Mississippi, in office since 2007. A member of the Republican Party, Wicker previously served as a member of the ...
, U.S. Senator
*
Joshua Workman, political consultant
*
Shawn Steel,
Republican National Committeeman
The Republican National Committee (RNC) is a U.S. political committee that assists the Republican Party of the United States. It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republican brand and political platform, as well as assisting in fu ...
from California and former Chairman of the
California Republican Party
The California Republican Party (CAGOP) is the affiliate of the United States Republican Party in the U.S. state of California. The party is based in Sacramento and is led by chair Jessica Millan Patterson.
As of October 2020, Republicans repre ...
*
Pete Wilson
Peter Barton Wilson (born August 23, 1933) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 36th governor of California from 1991 to 1999. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as a United States senator from California betw ...
, 36th Governor of California
*
Jeff Sessions
Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III (born December 24, 1946) is an American politician and attorney who served as the 84th United States Attorney General from 2017 to 2018. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as United States ...
, US Attorney General, U.S Senator. Began career as State Chairman of Alabama College Republicans
Activities
![College Republicans at OSU](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/College_Republicans_at_OSU.jpg)
The CRNC organizes election-year field representative programs to send paid
staffers to recruit and train students and chapters nationwide. Former national chair
Jack Abramoff
Jack Allan Abramoff (; born February 28, 1959) is an American lobbyist, businessman, film producer, writer, and convicted felon. He was at the center of an extensive corruption investigation led by Earl Devaney that resulted in his conviction ...
founded the field representative program in 1981.
The program faltered during the 1980s and was revived during the late 1990s.
![College Republicans at Mississippi State University](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/College_Republicans_at_Mississippi_State_University_.png)
During the election season, campus chapters are responsible for organizing and implementing the campus
canvas, running
mock election
A mock election is an election for educational demonstration, amusement, or political protest reasons to call for free and fair elections. Less precisely it can refer to a real election purely for advisory (essentially without power) committees o ...
s, managing the local Get out the vote, get-out-the-vote efforts. At other times, the campus chapters will organize Advocacy, issue advocacy and lobbying efforts, welcome Conservatism in the United States, conservative guest speakers to campus, and organize social events and other recruitment activities.
During the election season, the CRNC focuses on developing a "mass based youth effort" directed toward electing Republican candidates.
The CRNC often sends paid field representatives to individual campuses to assist in organizing the election efforts. Generally the hired field representative or chapter chair begins the school year with membership tables on campus for recruitment. Members use Canvassing, door-to-door canvassing and word of mouth to identify and Voter registration, register as many Republican voters among the student body as possible.
These individuals are encouraged to vote through an absentee ballot and assist the candidates with election day Get Out The Vote efforts. Chapters occasionally run student mock elections and other special events as a means to gain Earned media, positive earned media attention for a candidate.
Gallery
Image:College Republicans at George Fox.jpg, A campus chapter meeting at George Fox University
Image:North Florida College Republicans for McCain.jpg, College Republicans from University of North Florida rally for John McCain in Jacksonville, Florida
See also
* List of Chairpersons of the College Republicans
*
Republican National Committee
The Republican National Committee (RNC) is a U.S. Political action committee, political committee that assists the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party of the United States. It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republi ...
* Young Republicans
* Teenage Republicans
* The New York Young Republican Club
* College Democrats of America
* College Democrats
References
External links
College Republican National Committee– official website
College Republican National Committee's IRS Filing Forms
{{DEFAULTSORT:College Republicans
College Republicans,
Republican Party (United States) organizations
Student organizations established in 1892
527 organizations
Conservative organizations in the United States
Student wings of political parties in the United States
Youth politics in the United States
International Young Democrat Union
Youth wings of political parties in the United States