The ''Codex Martínez Compañón'' (c.1782–1785), is a manuscript edited in nine volumes by the bishop of

Trujillo, Peru Trujillo (; qu, Truhillu) is a city in coastal northwestern Peru and the capital of the Department of La Libertad. It is the third most populous city and center of the List of metropolitan areas of Peru, third most populous metropolitan area of P ...

, made by

Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón (1737–1797) was a Spanish prelate who served as Bishop of Trujillo, Peru, Peru from 1779 to 1790, at Trujillo Cathedral, and Archbishop of Bogotá, New Granada, from 1790 to 1797. He was responsible for foun ...

, containing 1,411 watercolours and 20 musical scores documenting life in his diocese. This work was sent to

Charles IV of Spain , house = Bourbon-Anjou , father = Charles III of Spain , mother =Maria Amalia of Saxony , birth_date =11 November 1748 , birth_place =Palace of Portici, Portici, Naples , death_date = , death_place = ...

, who included it in the Royal Library in 1803. The musical examples in the bishop's text were probably written out by Pedro José Solis, maestro de capilla of

Trujillo Cathedral :''Note that in some older sources "Ciudad Trujillo's cathedral" refers to Catedral de Santa María la Menor, Santo Domingo, since the capital of the Dominican Republic was called "Ciudad Trujillo" from 1930 to 1961, after the dictator Rafael Truj ...

from 1781 to 1823.Music in Aztec & Inca Territory - Page 314 "The music, probably written out by some such professional aide as Pedro Jose Solis (chapelmaster of Trujillo Cathedral from March, 1781, to September, 1823 54), also breathes throughout a crudeness that confirms its commonplace origin."

The 1,411 illustrations

The watercolour illustrations contain pictures of the life of the Indians, clothing, customs, and also extensive natural history.

External links to galleries

selection of thumbnails of trees

The 20 musical examples

The pieces are mainly short, 2 or 3 minutes each. The order here follows the K617 recording rather than Folio order:
1 Cachua: Al Nacimiento de Christo Nuestro Señor.
2

Tonada The ''tonada'' is a folk music style of Spain and some countries of Hispanic America (mainly Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela). In nowadays Spain, the traditional sung piece known as ''tonada'' is considered as having been originated in ...

: La Brugita, de Guamachuco - i.e.

Huamachuco Huamachuco (possibly from Quechua ''waman'', falcon or variable hawk, and Kulyi ''chuco'', earth or land, "land of falcons") is a town in northern Peru and capital of the province Sánchez Carrión in La Libertad Region. The city is the se ...

, site of Augustinian missions.
3 Tonada: El Congo. - a 'negro' slave song, reflecting the use of African slaves in the workforce from 1660
4 Tonada: El Tuppamaro de Caxamarca.
5 Tonada del Chimo - i.e. of the

Chimú culture Chimor (also Kingdom of Chimor or Chimú Empire) was the political grouping of the Chimú culture. The culture arose about 900 AD, succeeding the Moche culture, and was later conquered by the Inca emperor Topa Inca Yupanqui around 1470, fifty y ...

, the only surviving song in the extinct

Mochica language Mochica (also Yunga, Yunca, Chimú, Muchic, Mochika, Muchik, Chimu) is an extinct language formerly spoken along the northwest coast of Peru and in an inland village. First documented in 1607, the language was widely spoken in the area during th ...

6 Dance: Baile del Chimo. Folio 179 (instrumental)
7 Tonada: El diamante, de Chachapoias. Folio 187
8 Tonada: La Lata - "the can".
9 Tonada: La Selosa, del pueblo de Lambayeque - "the jealous woman".
10 Tonada: El Conejo.
11 Tonada: El Huicho, de Chachapoyas.
12 Dance: Bayle de danzantes con pifano y tamboril. (Instrumental)
13 Tonada: La Donosa.
14 Cachuyta de la montaña: "El Vuen Querer" - montaña indicates the lowland east of the mountains.
15 Cachua a duo y a quatro: Al Nacimiento de Christo Nuestro Señor.
16 Lanchas para baylar. Folio 186 - instrumental, the term ''lancha'' literally "flat boat, launch for dancing" indicates a dance for fiddle and continuo in quick 3/4 time, and is almost unique to the Codex
17 Tonada: El Tupamaro de Caxamarca.
18

Tonadilla Tonadilla was a Spanish musical song form of theatrical origin; not danced. The genre was a type of short, satirical musical comedy popular in 18th-century Spain, and later in Cuba and other Spanish colonial countries. It originated as a song type, ...

: El Palomo, del pueblo de Lambayeque.
19 Cachua Serranita: El Huicho Nuebo, a Nuestra Señora del Carmen, de la ciudad de Trujillo. Otusco
20 Cachua: La Despedida, de Guamachuco - a cachua for leave-taking.

Recordings

* selection - ''Al uso de nuestra tierra'' (In the style of our land) Música Temprana, Netherlands. Voice of Lyrics 2001, nla. * complete - ''Codex Martinez Companon'', Capilla de Indias, Tiziana Palmiero, Conductor,

K617 K617 is a French classical music record label based in Metz and founded by Alain Pacquier, music author and creator of the Festival de Saintes at the Abbaye aux Dames in Charente-Maritime, and the Festival de Sarrebourg (July) at the Couvent de Sa ...

. This is the first recording of the complete 20 pieces. * 2 selections - on

Patricia Petibon Patricia Petibon (born 27 February 1970) is a French soprano. Life Born in Montargis, Petibon's parents were both teachers. She initially studied the visual arts, including painting and subsequently changed her academic focus and earned a ba ...

recital ''Nouveau Monde'' Marcon DGG, 2012 * complete - "Bailes, Tonadas & Cachuas", Songs and dances from Trujillo, Peru (18th century), Música Temprana, director: Adrián Rodríguez Van der Spoel, 2013. Deuss Music. COBRA0036. * selection - "Son de los diablos" Tonadas afro-hispanas del Peru - DIANA BARONI & Sapukai - Alpha Productions, Les Chants de la Terre 2003 - Alpha 507

References

External links

Manuscript online at the National Library of Madrid. Nine volumes of watercolours

{{DEFAULTSORT:Codex Martinez Companon Baroque music manuscript sources History of Peru Watercolor paintings