''Coccotrema'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

. It is the

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

of the family

Coccotremataceae The Coccotremataceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Pertusariales. Species in this widely distributed family grow on bark or rocks, especially in maritime regions. Genera , Species Fungorum accepts 3 genera and 23 species, in ...

, in the order

Pertusariales The Pertusariales are an order of fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains the following families: Agyriaceae The Agyriaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Pertusariales. It contains two genera: ''Agyrium ''Agyri ...

. The genus contains 16 species.

Taxonomy

''Coccotrema'' was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

by Swiss botanist

Johannes Müller Argoviensis Johann Müller (9 May 1828 - 28 January 1896) was a Swiss botanist who was a specialist in lichens. He published under the name Johannes Müller Argoviensis to distinguish himself from other naturalists with similar names. Biography Müller w ...

in 1889, with '' Coccotrema antarcticum'' assigned as the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

. In a 2001 publication, Schmidt and colleagues showed, using

molecular phylogenetics Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

, that the species then known as ''Lepolichen coccophorus'' (the type species of the genus ''Lepolichen'', created by

Trevisan Trevisan (or Trévisan) is a Venetian surname, and may refer to: * Bernard Trevisan (Bernard of Treviso, Bernardus Trevisanus; 1406–1490), Italian alchemist(s) * Dalton Trevisan (born 1925), Brazilian author * Ettore Trevisan, Italian football pl ...

in 1853) was nested in a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

that contained ''Coccotrema'' species, and so transferred that species into ''Coccotrema'', as '' Coccotrema coccophorum''. However, the genus ''Lepolichen'' is older than ''Coccotrema'', and so its name has priority according to the rules for botanical nomenclature. To minimize nomenclatural disruption, Alan Fryday and colleagues submitted a proposal to

conserve Conserve may refer to: * Conserve (condiment), a preserve made from a mixture of fruits or vegetables * Conserve (NGO), an Indian environmental organization * Conserve (publisher), a Dutch publisher * Conserved sequence, a protein or nucleic aci ...

the name ''Coccotrema'' against ''Lepolichen''.

Species

*'' Coccotrema antarcticum'' *'' Coccotrema citrinescens'' – Europe *'' Coccotrema coccophorum'' *'' Coccotrema colobinum'' *'' Coccotrema corallinum'' – South America *'' Coccotrema cucurbitula'' *'' Coccotrema fernandezianum'' – South America *'' Coccotrema hahriae'' –

Alaska Alaska ( ; russian: Аляска, Alyaska; ale, Alax̂sxax̂; ; ems, Alas'kaaq; Yup'ik: ''Alaskaq''; tli, Anáaski) is a state located in the Western United States on the northwest extremity of North America. A semi-exclave of the U.S., ...

*'' Coccotrema magellanicum'' – South America *'' Coccotrema maritimum'' – North America *'' Coccotrema minutum'' *'' Coccotrema pocillarium'' *'' Coccotrema porinopsis'' *'' Coccotrema rubromarginatum'' –

Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands (; es, Islas Malvinas, link=no ) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about east of South America's southern Patagonian coast and about from Cape Dubouzet ...

*'' Coccotrema sphaerophorum''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5139256 Pertusariales Pertusariales genera Lichen genera Taxa described in 1889 Taxa named by Johannes Müller Argoviensis