''Cobitis'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of small

freshwater fish Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many wa ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Cobitidae Cobitidae, also known as the true loaches, is a family of Old World freshwater fish. They occur throughout Eurasia and in Morocco, and inhabit riverine ecosystems. Today, most " loaches" are placed in other families (see below). The family includ ...

from

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

and

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...

Eurasia Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...

. It contains the "typical spiny

loach Loaches are ray-finned fishes of the suborder Cobitoidei. They are freshwater, benthic (bottom-dwelling) fish found in rivers and creeks throughout Eurasia and North Africa, northern Africa. Loaches are among the most diverse groups of fish; the ...

es", including the well-known

spined loach The spined loach (''Cobitis taenia'') is a common freshwater fish in Europe. It is sometimes known as spotted weather loach, not to be confused with the "typical" weather loaches of the genus '' Misgurnus''. This is the type species of the spiny ...

of Europe. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally south of the range of ''Cobitis'', are nowadays separated in '' Sabanejewia''.Perdices, A., Bohlen, J. & Doadrio, I. (2008)
The molecular diversity of adriatic spined loaches (Teleostei, Cobitidae).
''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46 (1): 382–390.''

Species

There are currently 97 recognized species in this genus: * '' Cobitis amphilekta'' Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2012 (Khvalyn spined loach)Vasil'eva, E.D. & Vasil'ev, V.P. (2012)
''Cobitis amphilekta'' sp. nova, a New Species of Spined Loaches (Cobitidae, Cypriniformes) from the Caspian Sea Basin.
''Journal of Ichthyology, 52 (3): 200–206.'' * '' Cobitis arachthosensis'' Economidis &

Nalbant Nalbant is a commune in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Nalbant, Nicolae Bălcescu (since 1948; until 1923 ''Bașchioi''; '' Principele Mihai'' from 1923 to 1948) and Trestenic. The commune's name comes ...

, 1996 * ''

Cobitis arenae ''Cobitis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cobitidae from temperate and subtropical Eurasia. It contains the "typical spiny loaches", including the well-known spined loach The spined loach (''Cobitis taenia'') is a common f ...

'' ( S. Y. Lin, 1934) * '' Cobitis australis'' Y. X. Chen, Y. F. Chen & D. K. He, 2013Chen, Y.-X., Chen, Y.-F. & He, D.-K. (2013): A new species of spined loach (Osteichthyes, Cobitidae) from the Pearl River, Guangxi of China. ''Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 38 (2): 377-387.'' * ''

Cobitis avicennae ''Cobitis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cobitidae from temperate and subtropical Eurasia. It contains the "typical spiny loaches", including the well-known spined loach of Europe. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally s ...

'' Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof, 2015 (Zagros spined loach)Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vatandoust, S., Esmaeili, H.R., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2015)
''Cobitis avicennae'', a new species of spined loach from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cobitidae).
''Zootaxa, 3914 (5): 558–568.'' * ''

Cobitis baishagensis ''Cobitis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cobitidae from temperate and subtropical Eurasia. It contains the "typical spiny loaches", including the well-known spined loach of Europe. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally s ...

'' Y. X. Chen, X. Y. Sui, N. Liang & Y. F. Chen, 2015Chen, Y., Sui, X., Liang, N. & Chen, Y. (2015)
Two new species of the genus ''Cobitis'' Linnaeus (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from southern China.
''Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 34 (3): 517–525.'' * ''

Cobitis battalgilae ''Cobitis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cobitidae from temperate and subtropical Eurasia. It contains the "typical spiny loaches", including the well-known spined loach of Europe. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally s ...

'' Băcescu, 1962 (Battalgil's spined loach) * '' Cobitis bilineata'' Canestrini, 1865 * '' Cobitis bilseli'' Battalgil, 1942 (Beyşehir spined loach) * '' Cobitis biwae'' D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1901 * '' Cobitis brevifasciata'' ( I. S. Kim & W. O. Lee, 1995)Perdices, A., Bohlen, J., Šlechtová, V. & Doadrio, I. (2016)
Molecular Evidence for Multiple Origins of the European Spined Loaches (Teleostei, Cobitidae).
''PLoS ONE, 11 (1): e0144628.'' * '' Cobitis calderoni'' Băcescu, 1962 * '' Cobitis choii'' I. S. Kim & Y. M. Son, 1984 (Choi's spined loach) * '' Cobitis crassicauda'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2013Chen, Y. & Chen, Y. (2013)
Three new species of cobitid fish (Teleostei, Cobitidae) from the River Xinjiang and the River Le’anjiang, tributaries of Lake Poyang of China, with remarks on their classification.
''Folia Zoologica, 62 (2): 83-95.'' * '' Cobitis dalmatina'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 * '' Cobitis damlae'' Erk' Akan & Özdemir, 2014 (Dalaman spined loach)Erkakan, F. & Özdemir, F. (2014)
The first new cave fish species, ''Cobitis damlae'' (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from Turkey.
''Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 42 (2): 275–279.'' * '' Cobitis delicata'' Niwa, 1937 * '' Cobitis dolichorhynchus'' Nichols, 1918 * '' Cobitis dorademiri'' Erk' Akan, Özdemir & Özeren, 2017Erkakan, F., Özdemir, F. & Özeren, S.C. (2017)
Two new species of the genus ''Cobitis'' Linnaeus (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from Turkey.
''FishTaxa, 2 (2): 82-89.'' * '' Cobitis elazigensis'' Coad & Sarıeyyüpoglu, 1988 (Tigris spined loach) * '' Cobitis elongata'' Heckel & Kner, 1857 * '' Cobitis elongatoides'' Băcescu & R. F. Mayer, 1969 * '' Cobitis evreni'' Erk' Akan, Özeren &

, 2008 (Ceyhan spined loach) * '' Cobitis fahireae'' Erk' Akan, Ekmekçi &

, 1998 (Küçük Menderes spined loach) * '' Cobitis faridpaki'' Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev, 2011Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vasil'eva, E.D., Vatandoust, S. & Vasil'ev, V.P. (2011)
''Cobitis faridpaki'' sp. nova — a New Spined Loach Species (Cobitidae) from the Southern Caspian Sea Basin (Iran).
''Journal of Ichthyology, 51 (10): 925–931.'' * '' Cobitis fasciola'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2013 * ''

Cobitis gladkovi ''Cobitis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family (biology), family Cobitidae from temperate and subtropical Eurasia. It contains the "typical spiny loaches", including the well-known Cobitis taenia, spined loach of Europe. Similar sp ...

'' Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva, 2008 * '' Cobitis gracilis'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2016Chen, Y. & Chen, Y. (2016)
A new species of the genus ''Cobitis'' (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) from the Northeast China.
''Zoological Systematics, 41 (4): 379-391.'' * '' Cobitis guttatus'' ( V. H. Nguyễn, 2005) * '' Cobitis hankugensis'' I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park, Y. M. Son &

, 2003 * '' Cobitis hellenica'' Economidis &

, 1996 * '' Cobitis hereromacula'' Y. X. Chen, X. Y. Sui, N. Liang & Y. F. Chen, 2015 * '' Cobitis herzegoviniensis'' Buj & Šanda, 2014Buj, I., Šanda, R., Marčić, Z., Ćaleta, M. & Mrakovčić, M. (2014)
Combining Morphology and Genetics in Resolving Taxonomy – A Systematic Revision of Spined Loaches (Genus ''Cobitis''; Cypriniformes, Actinopterygii) in the Adriatic Watershed.
''PLoS ONE, 9 (6): e99833.'' * '' Cobitis hugowolfeldi'' (

, 1993) * '' Cobitis illyrica'' Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007 * '' Cobitis jadovaensis'' Mustafić & Mrakovčić, 2008 * '' Cobitis kaibarai'' Nakajima, 2012Nakajima, J. (2012)
Taxonomic study of the ''Cobitis striata'' complex (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) in Japan.
''Zootaxa, 3586: 103–130.'' * '' Cobitis kellei'' Erk' Akan, Ekmekçi &

, 1998 (Göksu spined loach) * '' Cobitis koreensis'' I. S. Kim, 1975 * '' Cobitis laoensis'' ( Sauvage, 1878) * '' Cobitis laterimaculata'' J. P. Yan & M. L. Zheng, 1984 * '' Cobitis lebedevi'' Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1985 * ''

Cobitis levantina ''Cobitis levantina'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cobitidae. It is found in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, and irrigated land. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat de ...

Krupp Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp (formerly Fried. Krupp AG and Friedrich Krupp GmbH), trade name, trading as Krupp, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century as well as Germany's premier weapons manufacturer dur ...

& Moubayed-Breil, 1992 (Orontes spined loach) * '' Cobitis linea'' ( Heckel, 1847) * '' Cobitis longibarba'' ( Y. F. Chen & Y. X. Chen, 2005) * '' Cobitis longicorpus'' I. S. Kim, K. C. Choi &

, 1976 * '' Cobitis lutheri'' Rendahl ( de), 1935 (Luther's spined loach) * '' Cobitis macrostigma'' Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 * '' Cobitis magnostriata'' Nakajima, 2012 * '' Cobitis maroccana'' Pellegrin, 1929 * '' Cobitis matsubarai'' Okada & Ikeda, 1939 * '' Cobitis megaspila''

, 1993 * '' Cobitis melanoleuca'' Nichols, 1925 * '' Cobitis meridionalis'' S. L. Karaman, 1924 * '' Cobitis microcephala'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2011Chen, Y. & Chen, Y. (2011)
Two new species of cobitid fish (Teleostei, Cobitidae) from the River Nanliu and the River Beiliu, China.
''Folia Zoologica, 60 (2): 143–152.'' * '' Cobitis minamorii'' Nakajima, 2012 * '' Cobitis minhi'' S. V. Ngô, 2008 * '' Cobitis multifasciata'' Wakiya & T. Mori, 1929 * '' Cobitis multimaculata'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2011 * '' Cobitis nalbanti'' Vasil'eva, D. M. Kim, Vasil'ev, M. H. Ko & Y. J. Won, 2016 (Nalbant's spined loach)Vasil'eva, E.D., Kim, D., Vasil'ev, V.P., Ko, M.-H. & Won, Y.-J. (2016)
''Cobitis nalbanti'', a new species of spined loach from South Korea, and redescription of ''Cobitis lutheri'' (Teleostei: Cobitidae).
''Zootaxa, 4208 (6): 577-591.'' * '' Cobitis narentana'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 * '' Cobitis ohridana'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 * '' Cobitis pacifica'' I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park &

, 1999 * '' Cobitis paludica'' ( F. de Buen, 1930) * '' Cobitis phrygica'' Battalgazi, 1944 (Acı spined loach) * '' Cobitis pontica'' Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2006 (Pontic spined loach) * '' Cobitis pumila'' I. S. Kim & W. O. Lee, 1987 (Puan spined loach) * '' Cobitis puncticulata'' Erk' Akan, Ekmekçi &

, 1998 (Spotted spined loach) * '' Cobitis punctilineata'' Economidis &

, 1996 * '' Cobitis rara'' J. X. Chen, 1981 * '' Cobitis sakahoko'' Nakajima & Suzawa, 2015Nakajima, J. & Suzawa, Y. (2015)
''Cobitis sakahoko'', a new species of spined loach (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) from southern Kyushu Island, Japan.
''Ichthyological Research, 63 (1): 68–78.'' * '' Cobitis saniae'' Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili, 2017Eagderi, S., Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Jalili, P., Sayyadzadeh, G. & Esmaeili, H.R. (2017)
Taxonomic status of the genus ''Cobitis'' Linnaeus, 1758 (Teleostei: Cobitidae) in the southern Caspian Sea basin, Iran with description of a new species.
''FishTaxa, 2 (1): 48-61.'' * '' Cobitis satunini'' Gladkov, 1935 * '' Cobitis shikokuensis'' Suzawa, 2006 * '' Cobitis sibirica'' Gladkov, 1935 * '' Cobitis simplicispina'' Hankó ( hu), 1925 (Sakarya spined loach) * '' Cobitis sinensis'' Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874 (Siberian spined loach) * ''

Cobitis sipahilerae ''Cobitis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family (biology), family Cobitidae from temperate and subtropical Eurasia. It contains the "typical spiny loaches", including the well-known Cobitis taenia, spined loach of Europe. Similar sp ...

'' Erk' Akan, Özdemir & Özeren, 2017 * '' Cobitis splendens'' Erk' Akan, Ekmekçi &

, 1998 (Splendid spined loach) * '' Cobitis stenocauda'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2013 * '' Cobitis stephanidisi'' Economidis, 1992 * '' Cobitis striata'' Ikeda, 1936 * '' Cobitis strumicae'' S. L. Karaman, 1955 (Bulgarian spined loach) * '' Cobitis taenia''

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

, 1758 (Spined loach) * '' Cobitis takatsuensis'' Mizuno, 1970 * '' Cobitis takenoi'' Nakajima, 2016Nakajima, J. (2016)
''Cobitis takenoi'' sp. n. (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae): a new spined loach from Honshu Island, Japan.
''ZooKeys, 568: 119–128.'' * '' Cobitis tanaitica'' Băcescu & R. F. Mayer, 1969 * '' Cobitis taurica'' Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová, 2005 * ''

Cobitis tetralineata ''Cobitis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cobitidae from temperate and subtropical Eurasia. It contains the "typical spiny loaches", including the well-known spined loach of Europe. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally s ...

'' I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park &

, 1999 * '' Cobitis trichonica'' Stephanidis, 1974 * '' Cobitis turcica'' Hankó ( hu), 1925 (Turkish spined loach) * '' Cobitis vardarensis'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 (Vardar spined loach) * '' Cobitis vettonica'' Doadrio & Perdices, 1997 * '' Cobitis xinjiangensis'' ( Y. F. Chen & Y. X. Chen, 2005) * '' Cobitis ylengensis'' S. V. Ngô, 2003 * '' Cobitis yongdokensis'' ( I. S. Kim & J. Y. Park, 1997) * '' Cobitis zanandreai'' Cavicchioli, 1965 * '' Cobitis zhejiangensis'' Y. M. Son & S. P. He, 2005

References

{{Authority control Cobitidae Freshwater fish genera Freshwater fish of Asia Freshwater fish of Europe Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Taxonomy articles created by Polbot