''Cobitis'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of small

freshwater fish Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine conditions in many ways, especially the difference in levels of s ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Cobitidae Cobitidae, also known as the True loaches, is a family of Old World freshwater fish. They occur throughout Eurasia and in Morocco, and inhabit riverine ecosystems. Today, most " loaches" are placed in other families (see below). The family includ ...

from

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

and subtropical

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelag ...

. It contains the "typical spiny

loach Loaches are fish of the superfamily Cobitoidea. They are freshwater, benthic (bottom-dwelling) fish found in rivers and creeks throughout Eurasia and northern Africa. Loaches are among the most diverse groups of fish; the 1249 known species ...

es", including the well-known

spined loach The spined loach (''Cobitis taenia'') is a common freshwater fish in Europe. It is sometimes known as spotted weather loach, not to be confused with the "typical" weather loaches of the genus '' Misgurnus''. This is the type species of the spiny ...

of Europe. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally south of the range of ''Cobitis'', are nowadays separated in ''

Sabanejewia The golden loaches (''Sabanejewia'') are a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cobitidae. Species There are currently 10 recognized species in this genus: * '' Sabanejewia aurata'' ( De Filippi, 1863) ** '' Sabanejewia aurata aralensis'' ( Ke ...

''.Perdices, A., Bohlen, J. & Doadrio, I. (2008)
The molecular diversity of adriatic spined loaches (Teleostei, Cobitidae).
''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46 (1): 382–390.''

Species

There are currently 96 recognized species in this genus: * '' Cobitis amphilekta'' Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2012 (Khvalyn spined loach) Vasil'eva, E.D. & Vasil'ev, V.P. (2012)
''Cobitis amphilekta'' sp. nova, a New Species of Spined Loaches (Cobitidae, Cypriniformes) from the Caspian Sea Basin.
''Journal of Ichthyology, 52 (3): 200–206.'' * '' Cobitis arachthosensis'' Economidis &

Nalbant Nalbant is a commune in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Nalbant, Nicolae Bălcescu (since 1948; until 1923 ''Bașchioi''; '' Principele Mihai'' from 1923 to 1948) and Trestenic. The commune's name comes ...

, 1996 * '' Cobitis arenae'' ( S. Y. Lin, 1934) * '' Cobitis australis'' Y. X. Chen, Y. F. Chen & D. K. He, 2013 Chen, Y.-X., Chen, Y.-F. & He, D.-K. (2013): A new species of spined loach (Osteichthyes, Cobitidae) from the Pearl River, Guangxi of China. ''Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 38 (2): 377-387.'' * '' Cobitis avicennae'' Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili,

Geiger Geiger may refer to: People *Geiger (surname) Places * Geiger, Alabama, a town * Geiger (crater), a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon * Geiger, South Sudan, a border town filled with refugees Other * Geiger counter, a device ...

& Freyhof, 2015 (Zagros spined loach) Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vatandoust, S., Esmaeili, H.R., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2015)
''Cobitis avicennae'', a new species of spined loach from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cobitidae).
''Zootaxa, 3914 (5): 558–568.'' * '' Cobitis baishagensis'' Y. X. Chen, X. Y. Sui, N. Liang & Y. F. Chen, 2015 Chen, Y., Sui, X., Liang, N. & Chen, Y. (2015)
Two new species of the genus ''Cobitis'' Linnaeus (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from southern China.
''Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 34 (3): 517–525.'' * '' Cobitis battalgili'' Băcescu, 1962 (Battalgil's spined loach) * '' Cobitis bilineata'' Canestrini, 1865 * '' Cobitis bilseli'' Battalgil, 1942 (Beyşehir spined loach) * '' Cobitis biwae'' D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1901 * '' Cobitis brevifasciata'' ( I. S. Kim & W. O. Lee, 1995) Perdices, A., Bohlen, J., Šlechtová, V. & Doadrio, I. (2016)
Molecular Evidence for Multiple Origins of the European Spined Loaches (Teleostei, Cobitidae).
''PLoS ONE, 11 (1): e0144628.'' * '' Cobitis calderoni'' Băcescu, 1962 * '' Cobitis choii'' I. S. Kim & Y. M. Son, 1984 (Choi's spined loach) * '' Cobitis crassicauda'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2013 Chen, Y. & Chen, Y. (2013)
Three new species of cobitid fish (Teleostei, Cobitidae) from the River Xinjiang and the River Le’anjiang, tributaries of Lake Poyang of China, with remarks on their classification.
''Folia Zoologica, 62 (2): 83-95.'' * '' Cobitis dalmatina'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 * '' Cobitis damlae'' Erk' Akan & Özdemir, 2014 (Dalaman spined loach) Erkakan, F. & Özdemir, F. (2014)
The first new cave fish species, ''Cobitis damlae'' (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from Turkey.
''Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 42 (2): 275–279.'' * '' Cobitis delicata''

Niwa The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research or NIWA ( mi, Taihoro Nukurangi), is a Crown Research Institute of New Zealand. Established in 1992, NIWA conducts research across a broad range of disciplines in the environmental scienc ...

, 1937 * '' Cobitis dolichorhynchus''

Nichols Nichols may refer to: People *Nichols (surname) * Nichol, a surname Places Canada * Nichols Islands, Nunavut United States * Nichols, California, an unincorporated community * Nichols Canyon, Los Angeles, California * Nichols, Connecticut * N ...

, 1918 * '' Cobitis dorademiri'' Erk' Akan, Özdemir & Özeren, 2017 Erkakan, F., Özdemir, F. & Özeren, S.C. (2017)
Two new species of the genus ''Cobitis'' Linnaeus (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from Turkey.
''FishTaxa, 2 (2): 82-89.'' * '' Cobitis elazigensis'' Coad & Sarıeyyüpoglu, 1988 (Tigris spined loach) * '' Cobitis elongata'' Heckel & Kner, 1857 * '' Cobitis elongatoides'' Băcescu & R. F. Mayer, 1969 * '' Cobitis evreni'' Erk' Akan, Özeren &

, 2008 (Ceyhan spined loach) * '' Cobitis fahireae'' Erk' Akan, Ekmekçi &

, 1998 (Küçük Menderes spined loach) * '' Cobitis faridpaki'' Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev, 2011 Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vasil'eva, E.D., Vatandoust, S. & Vasil'ev, V.P. (2011)
''Cobitis faridpaki'' sp. nova — a New Spined Loach Species (Cobitidae) from the Southern Caspian Sea Basin (Iran).
''Journal of Ichthyology, 51 (10): 925–931.'' * '' Cobitis fasciola'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2013 * '' Cobitis gracilis'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2016 Chen, Y. & Chen, Y. (2016)
A new species of the genus ''Cobitis'' (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) from the Northeast China.
''Zoological Systematics, 41 (4): 379-391.'' * '' Cobitis guttatus'' ( V. H. Nguyễn, 2005) * '' Cobitis hankugensis'' I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park, Y. M. Son &

, 2003 * '' Cobitis hellenica'' Economidis &

, 1996 * '' Cobitis hereromacula'' Y. X. Chen, X. Y. Sui, N. Liang & Y. F. Chen, 2015 * '' Cobitis herzegoviniensis'' Buj & Šanda, 2014 Buj, I., Šanda, R., Marčić, Z., Ćaleta, M. & Mrakovčić, M. (2014)
Combining Morphology and Genetics in Resolving Taxonomy – A Systematic Revision of Spined Loaches (Genus ''Cobitis''; Cypriniformes, Actinopterygii) in the Adriatic Watershed.
''PLoS ONE, 9 (6): e99833.'' * '' Cobitis hugowolfeldi'' (

, 1993) * '' Cobitis illyrica'' Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007 * '' Cobitis jadovaensis'' Mustafić & Mrakovčić, 2008 * '' Cobitis kaibarai'' Nakajima, 2012 Nakajima, J. (2012)
Taxonomic study of the ''Cobitis striata'' complex (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) in Japan.
''Zootaxa, 3586: 103–130.'' * '' Cobitis kellei'' Erk' Akan, Ekmekçi &

, 1998 (Göksu spined loach) * '' Cobitis koreensis'' I. S. Kim, 1975 * '' Cobitis laoensis'' (

Sauvage Sauvage, French for "savage" may refer to: ; as a surname: * Catherine Sauvage (1929–1998), a French singer and actress * Cyrille Sauvage (born 1973), a French racing driver * Frédéric Sauvage (1786–1857), a French boat builder who carried ...

, 1878) * '' Cobitis laterimaculata'' J. P. Yan & M. L. Zheng, 1984 * '' Cobitis lebedevi'' Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1985 * '' Cobitis levantina''

Krupp The Krupp family (see pronunciation), a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, is notable for its production of steel, artillery, ammunition and other armaments. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG (Friedrich Krupp ...

& Moubayed-Breil, 1992 (Orontes spined loach) * '' Cobitis linea'' ( Heckel, 1847) * '' Cobitis longibarba'' ( Y. F. Chen & Y. X. Chen, 2005) * '' Cobitis longicorpus'' I. S. Kim, K. C. Choi &

, 1976 * '' Cobitis lutheri'' Rendahl ( de), 1935 (Luther's spined loach) * '' Cobitis macrostigma'' Dabry de Thiersant, 1872 * '' Cobitis magnostriata'' Nakajima, 2012 * '' Cobitis maroccana'' Pellegrin, 1929 * '' Cobitis matsubarai''

Okada Okada (written: 岡田 literally "hill rice-paddy") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the name include: * , Japanese painter * Doris Okada Matsui, American politician of the Democratic Party * , Japanese painter in the Edo period * , Japa ...

& Ikeda, 1939 * '' Cobitis megaspila''

, 1993 * '' Cobitis melanoleuca''

, 1925 * '' Cobitis meridionalis'' S. L. Karaman, 1924 * '' Cobitis microcephala'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2011 Chen, Y. & Chen, Y. (2011)
Two new species of cobitid fish (Teleostei, Cobitidae) from the River Nanliu and the River Beiliu, China.
''Folia Zoologica, 60 (2): 143–152.'' * '' Cobitis minamorii'' Nakajima, 2012 * '' Cobitis minhi'' S. V. Ngô, 2008 * ''

Cobitis multifasciata ''Cobitis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cobitidae from temperate and subtropical Eurasia. It contains the "typical spiny loaches", including the well-known spined loach of Europe. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally ...

'' Wakiya & T. Mori, 1929 * '' Cobitis multimaculata'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2011 * '' Cobitis nalbanti'' Vasil'eva, D. M. Kim, Vasil'ev, M. H. Ko & Y. J. Won, 2016 (Nalbant's spined loach) Vasil'eva, E.D., Kim, D., Vasil'ev, V.P., Ko, M.-H. & Won, Y.-J. (2016)
''Cobitis nalbanti'', a new species of spined loach from South Korea, and redescription of ''Cobitis lutheri'' (Teleostei: Cobitidae).
''Zootaxa, 4208 (6): 577-591.'' * '' Cobitis narentana'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 * '' Cobitis ohridana'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 * '' Cobitis pacifica'' I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park &

, 1999 * '' Cobitis paludica'' ( F. de Buen, 1930) * '' Cobitis phrygica''

Battalgazi Battalgazi, ( ku, Melediya kevn), is a town and district of Malatya Province of Turkey. The mayor is Selahattin Gürkan ( AKP). Formerly named Eskimalatya (''Old Malatya''), the center town corresponds to the previous location of Malatya city, ...

, 1944 (Acı spined loach) * '' Cobitis pontica'' Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2006 (Pontic spined loach) * '' Cobitis pumila'' I. S. Kim & W. O. Lee, 1987 (Puan spined loach) * '' Cobitis puncticulata'' Erk' Akan, Ekmekçi &

, 1998 (Spotted spined loach) * '' Cobitis punctilineata'' Economidis &

, 1996 * '' Cobitis rara'' J. X. Chen, 1981 * '' Cobitis sakahoko'' Nakajima & Suzawa, 2015 Nakajima, J. & Suzawa, Y. (2015)
''Cobitis sakahoko'', a new species of spined loach (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) from southern Kyushu Island, Japan.
''Ichthyological Research, 63 (1): 68–78.'' * '' Cobitis saniae'' Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar,

Jalili Jalili ( fa, جلیلی, ar, جليلي) is a Persian and Arabic surname. Notable Iranian people with the surname include: * Abolfazl Jalili (born 1957), Iranian film director * Omid Djalili Omid Djalili ( fa, امید جلیلی; born 30 Se ...

, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili, 2017 Eagderi, S., Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Jalili, P., Sayyadzadeh, G. & Esmaeili, H.R. (2017)
Taxonomic status of the genus ''Cobitis'' Linnaeus, 1758 (Teleostei: Cobitidae) in the southern Caspian Sea basin, Iran with description of a new species.
''FishTaxa, 2 (1): 48-61.'' * '' Cobitis satunini'' Gladkov, 1935 * '' Cobitis shikokuensis'' Suzawa, 2006 * '' Cobitis sibirica'' Gladkov, 1935 * '' Cobitis simplicispina'' Hankó ( hu), 1925 (Sakarya spined loach) * '' Cobitis sinensis''

& Dabry de Thiersant, 1874 (Siberian spined loach) * '' Cobitis sipahilerae'' Erk' Akan, Özdemir & Özeren, 2017 * '' Cobitis splendens'' Erk' Akan, Ekmekçi &

, 1998 (Splendid spined loach) * '' Cobitis stenocauda'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2013 * '' Cobitis stephanidisi'' Economidis, 1992 * '' Cobitis striata'' Ikeda, 1936 * '' Cobitis strumicae'' S. L. Karaman, 1955 (Bulgarian spined loach) * ''

Cobitis taenia The spined loach (''Cobitis taenia'') is a common freshwater fish in Europe. It is sometimes known as spotted weather loach, not to be confused with the "typical" weather loaches of the genus ''Misgurnus''. This is the type species of the spiny l ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, t ...

, 1758 (Spined loach) * '' Cobitis takatsuensis'' Mizuno, 1970 * '' Cobitis takenoi'' Nakajima, 2016 Nakajima, J. (2016)
''Cobitis takenoi'' sp. n. (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae): a new spined loach from Honshu Island, Japan.
''ZooKeys, 568: 119–128.'' * '' Cobitis tanaitica'' Băcescu & R. F. Mayer, 1969 * '' Cobitis taurica'' Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev,

Janko Janko is a name that derives from a diminutive form of the name ''Jan (name), Jan'' (Slavic languages), ''Janez (given name), Janez'' (Slovenian), ''János (disambiguation), János'' (Hungarian), and ''Yakov''/''Jacob (name), Jacob'' (Ashkenazi Je ...

, Ráb & Rábová, 2005 * '' Cobitis tetralineata'' I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park &

, 1999 * '' Cobitis trichonica'' Stephanidis, 1974 * '' Cobitis turcica'' Hankó ( hu), 1925 (Turkish spined loach) * '' Cobitis vardarensis'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 (Vardar spined loach) * '' Cobitis vettonica'' Doadrio & Perdices, 1997 * '' Cobitis xinjiangensis'' ( Y. F. Chen & Y. X. Chen, 2005) * '' Cobitis ylengensis'' S. V. Ngô, 2003 * '' Cobitis yongdokensis'' ( I. S. Kim & J. Y. Park, 1997) * '' Cobitis zanandreai'' Cavicchioli, 1965 * '' Cobitis zhejiangensis'' Y. M. Son & S. P. He, 2005

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q868117 Freshwater fish genera Freshwater fish of Asia Freshwater fish of Europe Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Taxonomy articles created by Polbot