The black-lyre leafroller moth (''"Cnephasia" jactatana'') is a
tortrix moth
The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea, although the genus ...
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
of the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Tortricidae.
Distribution
The black-lyre leafroller moth is endemic to
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
and is common throughout the country.
Taxonomy
It belongs to the
subfamily Tortricinae and therein to
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...
Cnephasiini
The Cnephasiini are a tribe of tortrix moths.
Genera
:''Amphicoecia''
:'' Archicnephasia''
:'' Arotrophora''
:'' Astrosa''
:'' Cnephasia''
:''Decodes''
:'' Decodina''
:'' Doloploca''
:'' Drachmobola''
:'' Eana''
:'' Epicnephasia''
:'' Exapate''
: ...
. But among these, it is in fact not close enough to the
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specime ...
of ''
Cnephasia
''Cnephasia'' is a genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to the subfamily Tortricinae and therein to the tribe Cnephasiini, of which it is the type genus.
Taxonomy and systematics
The type species around which ''Cnephasia'' was ...
'' – ''
Cnephasia pasiuana'' of
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...
– to properly belong in that genus. Alternatively, it has variously been referred to ''Batodes'' (= ''
Ditula
''Ditula'' is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.
Species
*'' Ditula angustiorana'' (Haworth, 811
*'' Ditula saturana'' (Turati, 1913)
See also
*List of Tortricidae genera
This is a taxonomy of the moth family Tortricidae ...
'') or ''Paedisca'' (= ''
Epinotia''); if anything it might belong to the latter, presently circumscribed as a large and wide-ranging group of uncertain
monophyly
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
. But its actual genus has yet to be determined with certainty.
[Baixeras ''et al.'' (2009)]
Synonyms
Junior synonyms of this species are:
* ''Batodes jactatana''
Walker, 1863
* ''Sciaphila flexivittana''
Walker, 1863
* ''Paedisca privatana''
Walker, 1863
* ''Paedisca voluta''
Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875
Life cycle and behaviour
The eggs are laid on the topside of the leaf.
[Jiménez-Pérez & Wang (2003)] The larvae of this species can commonly be found on the
hounds tongue fern in a silken tube, feeding on the leaves of that fern. They prefer older leaves.
Interactions with humans
The species is primarily known as a
pest of
kiwifruit
Kiwifruit (often shortened to kiwi in North American, British and continental European English) or Chinese gooseberry is the edible berry of several species of woody vines in the genus '' Actinidia''. The most common cultivar group of kiwi ...
(''Actinidia deliciosa''), but the
caterpillars feed on various other trees with fleshy fruit, such as ''
Citrus
''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is native to ...
'',
hawthorn
Hawthorn or Hawthorns may refer to:
Plants
* '' Crataegus'' (hawthorn), a large genus of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae
* ''Rhaphiolepis'' (hawthorn), a genus of about 15 species of evergreen shrubs and small trees in the family Rosace ...
s (''Crataegus''),
persimmons and ebonies (''Diospyros''),
gum tree
Gum tree is a common name for smooth-barked trees and shrubs in several genera:
* Eucalypteae, particularly:
**''Eucalyptus'', which includes the majority of species of gum trees.
**''Corymbia'', which includes the ghost gums and spotted gums.
**' ...
s (''Eucalyptus''),
fuchsia
''Fuchsia'' () is a genus of flowering plants that consists mostly of shrubs or small trees. The first to be scientifically described, ''Fuchsia triphylla'', was discovered on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) ...
s (''Fuchsia'') and
grapevine
''Vitis'' (grapevine) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, ...
s (''Vitis''). They primarily feed on the leaves, but can also damage the husk and fruit body.
[Jiménez-Pérez ''et al.'' (2002)]
Gallery
Image:Cnephasia jactatana female.jpg, Female
Image:Cnephasia jactatana male.jpg, Male
Image:Cnephasia jactatana pupa.jpg, Pupa
Footnotes
References
* (2009)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae&ndash
''"Cnephasia" jactatana'' Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-JAN-20.
* (2003): Oviposition behaviour of ''"Cnephasia" jactatana'' Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on kiwifruit. ''New Zealand Entomologist'' 26(1): 109-111
PDF fulltext* (2002): Adult Activity Patterns of ''Cnephasia jactatana'' Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). ''New Zealand Plant Protection'' 55: 374-379
PDF fulltext
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2594584
Tortricinae
Moths of New Zealand
Moths described in 1863
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)
Kiwifruit
Endemic moths of New Zealand