''Clibanarius'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
hermit crabs in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their
abdomen
The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the torso. ...
is soft-shelled and sheltered in a
gastropod shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of a Gastropoda, gastropod or snail, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium s ...
. Typically
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
like all their relatives, the genus includes ''
C. fonticola'', the only known hermit crab
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
that spends all its life in
freshwater
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ...
. The feeding rates of ''Clibanarius spp.'' change with temperature which, given their broad distributions, may have considerable consequences for the stability reef systems as sea temperatures rise in the future.
They are
omnivore
An omnivore () is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize the nutr ...
s, but mostly prey on small animals and
scavenge carrion
Carrion () is the decaying flesh of dead animals, including human flesh.
Overview
Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters (or scavengers) include crows, vultures, c ...
.
Species
As of 2009, about sixty
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
are recognized in ''Clibanarius''; new species are discovered and described occasionally. Others have been placed here at one time or another but are now assigned to other genera of
Diogenidae, namely ''
Bathynarius,
Calcinus
''Calcinus'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae
The Diogenidae are a family of hermit crabs, sometimes known as "left-handed hermit crabs" because in contrast to most other hermit crabs, its left chela (claw) is enlarged in ...
,
Paguristes,
Strigopagurus'' and ''
Trizopagurus''.
The ''Clibanarius'' species are:
*''
Clibanarius aequabilis
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
(Dana, 1851)
*''
Clibanarius africanus
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
Aurivillus, 1898
*''
Clibanarius albidigitus
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
Nobili, 1901
*''
Clibanarius ambonensis
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
Rahayu & Forest, 1993
*''
Clibanarius antennatus
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
Rahayu & Forest, 1993
*''
Clibanarius antillensis
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
Stimpson, 1859
*''
Clibanarius arethusa
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
De Man, 1888
*''
Clibanarius astathes
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
(Stebbing, 1924)
*''
Clibanarius bimaculatus
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
De Haan, 1849
*''
Clibanarius bistriatus
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
Rahayu & Forest, 1993
*''
Clibanarius boschmai''
Buitendijk, 1937
*''
Clibanarius carnifex''
Heller, 1861
*''
Clibanarius chapini''
Schmitt, 1926
*''
Clibanarius clibanarius''
(Herbst, 1791)
*''
Clibanarius cooki''
Rathbun, 1900
*''
Clibanarius corallinus''
(H. Milne-Edwards, 1848)
*''
Clibanarius cruentatus''
(H. Milne-Edwards, 1848)
*''
Clibanarius danai''
Rahayu & Forest, 1993
*''
Clibanarius demani
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', the ...
''
Buitendijk, 1937
*''
Clibanarius digueti''
Bouvier, 1898
*''
Clibanarius englaucus''
Ball & Haig, 1972
*''
Clibanarius erythropus
''Clibanarius erythropus'' is a species of hermit crab that lives in rockpools and sublittoral waters. It is found in the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean from the Azores to Brittany, the Channel Islands and as far north as ...
''
(Latreille, 1818)
*''
Clibanarius eurysternus''
( Hilgendorf, 1879)
*''
Clibanarius fonticola
''Clibanarius fonticola'' is the only species of hermit crab in the world that lives in fresh water. It is found on the island of Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu. While a number of other hermit crabs are terrestrial animal, terrestrial or live in estuar ...
''
McLaughlin & Murray, 1990
*''
Clibanarius foresti''
Holthuis, 1959
*''
Clibanarius harisi''
Rahayu, 2003
*''
Clibanarius hirsutimanus
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', th ...
''
Kobjakova, 1971
*''
Clibanarius humilis''
(Dana, 1851)
*''
Clibanarius inaequalis''
(De Haan, 1849)
*''
Clibanarius infraspinatus''
( Hilgendorf, 1869)
*''
Clibanarius janethaigae''
Hendrickx & Esparza-Haro, 1997
*''
Clibanarius laevimanus''
Buitendijk, 1937
*''
Clibanarius lineatus''
(H. Milne-Edwards, 1848)
*''
Clibanarius longitarsus''
(De Haan, 1849)
*''
Clibanarius merguiensis''
De Man, 1888
*''
Clibanarius multipunctatus''
Wang & Tung, 1986
*''
Clibanarius nathi
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', th ...
''
Chopra & Das, 1940
*''
Clibanarius olivaceus
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', th ...
''
Henderson, 1915
*''
Clibanarius pacificus''
Stimpson, 1858
*''
Clibanarius padavensis
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', th ...
''
De Man, 1888
*''
Clibanarius ransoni''
Forest, 1953
*''
Clibanarius rhabdodactylus''
Forest, 1953
*''
Clibanarius rosewateri''
Manning & Chace, 1990
*''
Clibanarius rubroviria''
Rahayu, 1999
*''
Clibanarius rutilus''
Rahayu, 1999
*''
Clibanarius sachalinicus''
Kobjakova, 1955
*''
Clibanarius sclopetarius''
(Herbst, 1796)
*''
Clibanarius senegalensis''
Chevreux & Bouvier, 1892
*''
Clibanarius serenei''
Rahayu & Forest, 1993
*''
Clibanarius signatus''
Heller, 1861
*''
Clibanarius similis''
Rahayu & Forest, 1993
*''
Clibanarius snelliusi''
Buitendijk, 1937
*''
Clibanarius striolatus''
Dana, 1852
*''
Clibanarius taeniatus''
(H. Milne-Edwards, 1848)
*''
Clibanarius tricolor''
(Gibbes, 1850)
*''
Clibanarius virescens''
(Krauss, 1843)
*''
Clibanarius vittatus
The thinstripe hermit crab, ''Clibanarius vittatus'', is a species of hermit crab in the family Diogenidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the western Atlantic Ocean.
Description
Like other hermit crabs, ''Clibanarius v ...
''
(Bosc, 1802)
*''
Clibanarius willeyi
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', th ...
''
Southwell, 1910
*''
Clibanarius zebra
''Clibanarius'' is a genus of hermit crabs in the family Diogenidae. Like other hermit crabs, their abdomen is soft-shelled and sheltered in a gastropod shell. Typically marine like all their relatives, the genus includes '' C. fonticola'', th ...
''
Dana, 1852
''
Clibanarius elongatus''
(H. Milne Edwards, 1848) is a ''
nomen dubium
In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application.
Zoology
In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...
''.
References
Diogenidae
Taxa named by James Dwight Dana
Decapod genera
{{decapod-stub