Clausiliidae, also known by their common name the door snails, are a

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of small, very elongate, mostly

left-handed In human biology, handedness is an individual's preferential use of one hand, known as the dominant hand, due to it being stronger, faster or more dextrous. The other hand, comparatively often the weaker, less dextrous or simply less subjecti ...

, air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

sinistral Sinistral and dextral, in some scientific fields, are the two types of chirality ("handedness") or relative direction. The terms are derived from the Latin words for "left" (''sinister'') and "right" (''dexter''). Other disciplines use different ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Clausiliidae L. Pfeiffer & J. E. Gray, 1855. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833936 on 2020-08-25 With about 1,300 species recent and fossil, this belong among the most diverse families of land gastropods (cf.

Orthalicidae Orthalicidae (orthalicid land snails) are a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks are classified in the subfamily Orthalicoidea of the order Stylommatophora. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). Mollusca ...

, although the marine gastropod family

Pyramidellidae Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs. The great majority of species of pyrams are micromol ...

is larger). Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a

clausilium The clausilium is a calcareous anatomical structure which is found in one group of air-breathing land snails: terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. The clausilium is one part of the clausilial appara ...

, which enables the snail to close off the

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An opt ...

of the

shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses ** Thin-shell structure Science Biology * Seashell, a hard o ...

with a sliding "door".

Shell description

Almost all the species of snails in the family of door snails are left-handed, which is an uncommon feature in

gastropod shell The gastropod shell is part of the body of a Gastropoda, gastropod or snail, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium s ...

s in general. These snails have shells which are extremely high- spired, with numerous

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...

. The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The

usually has visible folds.

The clausilium

Clausiliids are also very unusual among pulmonate gastropods in that most of them have a "door" or

. The clausilium is not the same thing as an operculum, which does not exist at all in pulmonate gastropods. The clausilium is a calcareous structure, tongue-shaped or spoon-shaped, which can close the aperture of the snail shell to protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in the grooves that are formed by the folds on the inside of the shell.

Anatomy

In this family, the number of

haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively ...

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...

s lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Taxonomy

The

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ...

is ''

Clausilia ''Clausilia'' is a European genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.Bank, R.; Bouchet, P. (2017). Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805. ...

'' Draparnaud, 1805. The family Clausiliidae is classified within the informal group

Sigmurethra Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a ...

, itself belonging to the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

Stylommatophora Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification ...

within the clade

Eupulmonata Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions. Linnean taxonomy *Suborder Eupulmonat ...

(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

2005 taxonomy

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 recognizes subfamilies as follows: subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855 * tribe Baleini (previously the subfamily Baleinae A. J. Wagner, 1913) - synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999 * tribe Clausiliini Gray, 1855 - synonym: Fusulinae Lindholm, 1924 * tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979 subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913 * tribe Alopiini A. J. Wagner, 1913 * tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) - synonym: Marpessinae Wenz, 1923 * tribe Delimini Brandt, 1956 - synonym: Papilliferini Brandt, 1961 (n.a.) * tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997 * tribe Montenegrinini H. Nordsieck, 1972 subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981 subfamily Garnieriinae C. Boettger, 1926 * tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926 * tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002 subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978 * tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978 * tribe † Rillyini H. Nordsieck, 1985 subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923 subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924 * tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Euxininae I. M. Likharev, 1962 * tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002 * tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002 * tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994 * tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994 subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 - Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930 subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922 * † tribe Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014 * tribe Megalophaedusini Zilch, 1954 - synonym: Zaptyxini Zilch, 1954 * † tribe Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922 * † tribe Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927 * tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007 subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927

Genera

Genera include:

Clausiliinae

Tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * '' Acrotoma'' O. Boettger, 1881 - with four subgenera: ''Acrotoma'', ''Acrotomina'' H. Nordsieck, 1977; ''Bzybia'' H. Nordsieck, 1977 and ''Castelliana'' Suvorov, 2002 * '' Akramowskia'' H. Nordsieck, 1975 * '' Armenica'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: ''Armenica'' and ''Astrogena'' Szekeres, 1970 * '' Inobseratella'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Phrygica'' H. Nordsieck, 1994 * '' Roseniella'' Thiele, 1931 - with two subgenera: ''Chavchetia'' Neubert, 1992 and ''Roseniella'' * '' Scrobifera'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Sprattia'' O. Boettger, 1883 tribe Baleini * ''

Alinda Alinda ( grc, Ἄλινδα) was an inland city and bishopric in ancient Caria, in Asia Minor ( Anatolia). Modern scholars identify Alinda with the Hellenistic foundation of Alexandria ad Latmum (Ἀλεξάνδρεια πρὸς τῷ Λάτμ� ...

'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: ''Alinda'' and ''Pseudalinda'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Balea'' J. E. Gray, 1824 * '' Bulgarica'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera ''Bulgarica'', ''Pavlovicia'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 and ''Strigilecula'' Kennard & Woodward, 1923 * ''

Lacinaria ''Liatris'' (), commonly known as gayfeather and blazing star. is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae native to North America (Canada, United States, Mexico and the Bahamas). Some species are used ...

'' Hartmann, 1842 * '' Likharevia'' H. Nordsieck, 1975 * '' Mentissa'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 * '' Mentissella'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 * '' Micropontica'' O. Boettger, 1881 - with two subgenera: ''Baleopsina'' Lindholm, 1924 and ''Micropontica'' * '' Mucronaria'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: ''Index'' O. Boettger, 1877 and ''Mucronaria'' * '' Quadriplicata'' O. Boettger, 1878 * '' Strigillaria'' Vest, 1867 * '' Vestia'' Hesse, 1916 - with three subgenera: ''Brabenecia'' H. Nordsieck, 1974; ''Vestia'' and ''Vestiella'' H. Nordsieck, 1877 Tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * ''

Boettgeria ''Boettgeria'' is a genus of small, very elongate, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium. This genus of door snails s ...

'' O. Boettger, 1863 - with two subgenera: ''Boettgeria''and ''Loosjesiella'' Neubert & Groh, 1998 * '' Macroptychia'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Sabaeola'' Lindholm, 1925 tribe Clausiliini * † '' Canalicia'' O. Boettger, 1863 * ''

'' Draparnaud, 1805 - with two subgenera: ''Clausilia'' and ''Strobeliella'' H. Nordsieck, 1977"Clausiliini"

Fauna Europaea Fauna Europaea is a database of the scientific names and distribution of all living multicellular European land and fresh-water animals. It serves as a standard taxonomic source for animal taxonomy within the Pan-European Species directories Infras ...

, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 27 April 2011. * '' Erjavecia'' Brusina, 1870 * '' Erjaveciella'' H. Nordsieck, 1977 * '' Fusulus'' Fitzinger, 1833 - with two subgenera: ''Erjaveciella'' H. Nordsieck, 1877 and ''Fusulus'' * † '' Hollabrunnella'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Julica'' H. Nordsieck, 1963 * '' Macrogastra'' Hartmann, 1841 - with three subgenera: ''Macrogastra'', ''Pseudovestia'' H. Nordsieck, 1877 and ''Pyrostoma'' Vest, 1867 * '' Micridyla'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 * † '' Parafusulus'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Pliodiptychia'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 * '' Pseudidyla'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Pseudofusulus'' H. Nordsieck, 1977 - has the only one species: '' Pseudofusulus varians'' * ''

Ruthenica ''Ruthenica'' is a genus of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Clausiliinae of the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. ...

'' Lindholm, 1924 * † '' Trolliella'' H. Nordsieck, 1981 Tribe † Emarginariini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Emarginaria'' O. Boettger, 1877 Tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002 * '' Euxinella'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 Tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * '' Filosa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Idyla'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: ''Idyla'' and ''Strigilidyla'' H. Nordsieck, 1994 tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * '' Graciliaria'' Bielz, 1867 * † '' Truciella'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 Tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 * ''

Elia Elia is a name which may be a variant of the names Elias, Elijah, Eli or Eliahu, and may refer to: People * Aelia (gens) or Elia, a ''gens'' of Ancient Rome Mononymic * Elia or Elijah, a biblical prophet * Elia, a pen-name of Charles Lamb First ...

'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with four subgenera: ''Acroeuxina'' O. Boettger, 1877; ''Caucasica'' O. Boettger, 1877; ''Elia'' and ''Megaleuxina'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Euxina'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: ''Euxina'' and ''Illunellaria'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Euxinastra'' O. Boettger, 1888 - with two subgenera: '' Euxinastra'' and '' Odonteuxina'' H. Nordsieck, 1875 * '' Galeata'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Mentissoidea'' O. Boettger, 1877 Tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002 * '' Olympicola'' Hesse, 1916 * † '' Scrobiferoides'' Neubert, 1996 Tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994 * '' Bitorquata'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Blaeneuxina'' Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2020 * '' Strigileuxina'' H. Nordsieck, 1975 * '' Sumelia'' H. Nordsieck, 1994 Tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994 * '' Strumosa'' O. Boettger, 1877

Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913

Alopiinae * † '' Dextrospira'' Hrubesch, 1965 tribe Alopiini * '' Alopia'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera ''Alopia'' and ''Kimakowiczia'' Szekeres, 1969 * '' Herilla'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * '' Montenegrina'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Protoherilla'' A. J. Wagner, 1921 * † '' Protriloba'' H. Nordsieck, 2014 * ''

Triloba ''Triloba'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Clausiliidae. The species of this genus are found in the Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with va ...

'' Vest, 1867 tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) * '' Cochlodina'' A. Férussac, 1821 - with four subgenera: ''Cochlodina''; ''Cochlodinastra'' H. Nordsieck, 1977; ''Paracochlodina'' H. Nordsieck, 1969; ''Procochlodina'' H. Nordsieck, 1969 * '' Macedonica'' O. Boettger, 1877 tribe Delimini R. Brandt, 1956 * '' Barcania'' Brandt, 1956 * '' Charpentieria'' Stabille, 1864 - with subgenera: ''Charpentieria'' * '' Delima'' Hartmann, 1842 - with four subgenera: ''Delima''; ''Dugiana'' Stamol & Slapnik, 2002; ''Piceata'' O. Boettger, 1877 and ''Semirugata'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Dilataria'' Vest, 1867 * '' Gibbularia'' Cecconi, 1908 * '' Mauritanica'' O. Boettger, 1879 * '' Papillifera'' Hartmann, 1842 * ''

Sicania The Sicani (Ancient Greek Σῐκᾱνοί ''Sikānoí'') or Sicanians were one of three ancient peoples of Sicily present at the time of Phoenician and Greek colonization. The Sicani dwelt east of the Elymians and west of the Sicels, having, ac ...

'' Tomlin, 1929 * '' Stigmatica'' O. Boettger, 1877 tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997 * '' Agathylla'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera ''Agathylla'' and Agathyllina H. Nordsieck, 1969 * ''

Albinaria ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae Clausiliidae, also known by their common name the door snails, are a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, most ...

'' Vest, 1867 - also includes former genus''Sericata'' O. Boettger, 1878. * '' Carinigera'' Möllendorff, 1873 * '' Cristataria'' Vest, 1867 * '' Inchoatia'' Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006 * '' Isabellaria'' Vest, 1867 * ''

Lampedusa Lampedusa ( , , ; scn, Lampidusa ; grc, Λοπαδοῦσσα and Λοπαδοῦσα and Λοπαδυῦσσα, Lopadoûssa; mt, Lampeduża) is the largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The ''comune'' of L ...

'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera ''Imitatrix'' Westerlund, 1884 and ''Lampedusa'' * '' Leucostigma'' A. J. Wagner, 1919 * '' Medora'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * '' Muticaria'' Lindholm, 1925 * '' Strigilodelima'' A. J. Wagner, 1924 * '' Vallatia'' E. Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006

Constrictinae

Fossil subfamily Constrictinae contains genera: * † '' Constricta'' O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily * † '' Regiclausilia'' H. Nordsieck, 1981

Eualopiinae

Fossil subfamily Eualopiinae contains genera: * † '' Ambiguella'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Formosana'' O. Boettger, 1877 Tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978 * † '' Eualopia'' O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily * † '' Monoptychia'' H. Nordsieck, 1972 Tribe † Rillyini † H. Nordsieck, 1985 * † '' Neniopsilla'' H. Nordsieck, 2020 * † '' Neniopsis'' Wenz, 1920 * † '' Omanillya'' H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016 * † '' Pararillya'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * † '' Proalbinaria'' O. Boettger in Oppenheim, 189 * † '' Rillya'' Munier-Chalmas n P. Fischer 1883 - type genus of the tribe * † '' Neniopsilla'' H. Nordsieck, 2020 * † '' Neniopsis'' Wenz, 1920 * † '' Omanillya'' H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016 * † '' Pararillya'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * † '' Proalbinaria'' O. Boettger in Oppenheim, 1895

Garnieriinae

* tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926 * ''

Garnieria ''Garnieria'' is a monotypic plant genus in the family Proteaceae. Molecular hylogenetic studies indicate that it is nested in the larger Australian genus '' Persoonia'' where it may be included. It is endemic to New Caledonia where the type spec ...

'' Bourguignat, 1877 * tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002 * '' Euryauchenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Grandinenia'' Minato & Chen, 1984 * '' Indonenia'' Ehrmann, 1927 * '' Megalauchenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Tropidauchenia'' Lindholm, 1924 -

Laminiferinae

* '' Bofilliella'' Ehrmann, 1927 * '' Neniatlanta'' Bouguignat, 1876 * '' Margaritiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * '' Minatoia'' Hunyadi & Szekeres, 2016 Tribe Laminiferini Wenz, 1923 * † '' Baboria'' Cossmann, 1898 * † '' Laminifera'' O. Boettger, 1863 - the type genus of the family Laminiferinae. Its type species is fossil. * † '' Laminiplica'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 * † '' Omanifera'' H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016 Tribe † Oospiroidesini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Oospiroides'' Wenz, 1920 Tribe † Polloneriini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Polloneria'' Sacco, 1886

Mentissoideinae

synonym of the tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 (superseded classification)

Neniinae Wenz, 1923

Tribe Neniini Wenz, 1923 * '' Gonionenia'' Pilsbry, 1926 * '' Nenia'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * '' Neniops'' Pilsbry, 1926 * '' Paranenia'' Rehder, 1939

Peruiniinae H. Nordsieck, 2005

* '' Andinia'' Polinski, 1922 * '' Audiniastra'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 * '' Andiniella'' Weyrauch, 1958 * '' Bequaertinenia'' Weyrauch, 1964 - with two subgenera: ''Bequaertinenia'' and ''Miranenia'' Grego & Szekeres, 2004 * '' Brevinenia'' Neubert & H. Nordsieck, 2005 * '' Columbinia'' Polinski, 1924 - with subgenera: ''Columbinia'' and ''Steatonenia'' Pilsbry, 1926 * '' Cyclonenia'' H. Nordsieck, 1999 * '' Cylindronenia'' Ehrmann in Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: ''Cylindronenia'' and ''Cylindroneniella'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Ehrmanniella'' Zilch, 1949 * '' Gracilinenia'' Polinski, 1922 * '' Hemicena'' Pilsbry, 1949 * '' Incaglaia'' Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: ''Gibbonenia'' Zilch, 1954 and ''Incaglaia'' * '' Incania'' Polinski, 1922 * '' Leuconenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 * '' Neniaptyx'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Neniatracta'' Pilsbry, 1926 * '' Neniella'' Grego & Sekeres, 2004 * '' Parabalea'' Ancey, 1882 * '' Peruinia'' Polinski, 1922 * '' Pfeifferiella'' Weyrauch, 1957 * '' Pseudogracilinenia'' Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1984 * '' Steeriana'' Jousseaume, 1900 * '' Symptychiella'' H. Nordsieck, 1999 - with two subgenera: ''Divnenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 and ''Symptychiella'' * '' Temesa'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * '' Zilchiella'' Weyrauch, 1957

Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922

* '' Selenophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Siciliaria'' Vest, 1867 Tribe † Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014 * † '' Disjunctaria'' O. Boettger, 1877 Tribe † Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Nordsieckia'' Truc, 1972 * † '' Serruluna'' H. Nordsieck, 1981 tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922 * '' Acanthophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Atractophaedusa'' Ehrmann, 1927 * '' Bacillophaedusa'' Grego & Szekeres, 2011 * '' Bathyptychia'' Lindholm, 1925 - with three subgenera: ''Bathyptychia''; ''Brachyptychia'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 and ''Strictiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * '' Castanophaedusa'' Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017 * '' Celsiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * '' Changphaedusa'' Motochin & Ueshima, 2017 * '' Cylindrophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera: ''Cylindrophaedusa'' and ''Montiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * '' Dautzenbergiella'' Lindholm, 1924 - with two subgenera: ''Dautzenbergiella'' and ''Mansuyiella'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * '' Euphaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with subgenera: ''Dentiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003; ''Euphaedusa''; and ''Telophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * '' Fuchsiana'' Gredler, 1887 * '' Hemiphaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with subgenera: ''Dendrophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2002; ''Hemiphaedusa''; ''Hemiphaedusoides'' H. Nordsieck, 2001; ''Hemizaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905; ''Labyrinthiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001; ; ''Pinguiphaedusa'' Azuma, 1982; ''Placeophaedusa'' Minato, 1994) * '' Juttingia'' Loosjes, 1965 - with two subgenera: ''Juttingia'' and ''Pseudohemiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * '' Liparophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Loosjesia'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * '' Luchuphaedusa'' Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: ''Luchuphaedusa'' and ''Nesiophaedusa'' Pilsbry, 1905 * '' Macrophaedusa'' Moellendorff, 1883 * '' Macrophaedusella'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * '' Megalophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with four subgenera: ''Megalophaedusa''; ''Mesophaedusa'' Ehrmann, 1929; ''Mesozaptyx'' Kuroda, 1963 and ''Mundiphaedusa'' Minato, 1979. ('' Neophaedusa'' is a synonym of ''Megalophaedusa''). * '' Messageriella'' Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017 * '' Miraphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 * '' Musaphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2018 * '' Nannophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2012 * '' Notoptychia'' Ehrmann, 1927 * '' Oospira'' Blanford, 1872 - with subgenera ''Formosanella'' H. Nordsieck, 2003; ''Oospira''; ''Paraformosella'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 and ''Siphonophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Papilliphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * '' Paraphaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Phaedusa'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with subgenera: ''Metaphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001; ''Phaedusa''; ''Pseudophaedusa'' Tomiyama, 1984 * '' Probosciphaedusa'' Z.-Y. Chen, 2021 * '' Reinia'' Kobelt, 1876 - with three subgenera: ''Parareinia'' H. Nordsieck, 1998; ''Pictophaedusa'' Azuma, 1982 and ''Reinia'' * '' Serriphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * '' Sinigena'' Lindholm, 1925 * '' Solitariphaedusa'' Motochin & Ueshima, 2017 * '' Stereophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Streptodera'' Lindholm, 1925 * '' Tauphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * '' Tosaphaedusa'' Ehrmann, 1929 * '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: ''Prozaptyx'' Loosjes, 1950 and ''Zaptyx'' Tribe † Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Serrulastra'' H. Nordsieck, 1981 * † '' Serrulella'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 Tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927 * '' Caspiophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Cotyorica'' Grego & Szekeres, 2017 * '' Dobatia'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 * † '' Euxinophaedusa'' Likharev, 1962 * '' Graecophaedusa'' Rähle, 1982 * '' Laeviphaedusa'' Likharev & Stelkov, 1965 * '' Microphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 * '' Nothoserrulina'' Németh & Szekeres, 1995 * '' Pamphylica'' Németh & Szekeres, 1995 * '' Pontophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Pontophaedusella'' H. Nordsieck, 1994 * '' Pravispira'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Sciocochlea'' C. Boettger, 1935 * '' Serrulina'' Mousson, 1873 * '' Truncatophaedusa'' Majoros, Németh & Szili-Kovács 1994 * '' Tsoukatosia'' Gittenberger, 2000 - with two subgenera: ''Agiosspeleikos'' A. & P. Reischütz, 2003 and ''Tsoukatosia'' Tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Excussispira'' Lindholm, 1925 * '' Synprosphyma'' A. J. Wagner, 1920

Synonyms

* ''Diceratoptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 (junior synonym) * ''Heterozaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1906: synonym of '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 (junior synonym) * ''Kazancia'' Neubert, 1992 : synonym of '' '' Lindholm, 1924 (junior synonym) * ''Leptacme'' Ehrmann, 1927:Maassen W. J. M. & Gittenberger E. (2007). "Three new clausiliid land snails from Tonkin, northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)". ''

Zoologische Mededelingen ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' was a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing papers and monographs on animal systematics. The publisher was the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in the Netherlands. The first issue appeared ...

'' 81(1): http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/81/nr01/a10 synonym of ''Oospira (Leptocochlea)'' Grego & Szekeres, 2011 represented as '' Oospira'' W. T. Blanford, 1872 * ''Lindholmiella'' Ehrmann, 1927: synonym of ''Oospira (Lindholmiella)'' Ehrmann, 1927 represented as '' Oospira'' W. T. Blanford, 1872 * ''Metazaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905synonym of '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Neniauchenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2002: synonym of ''Grandinenia'' Minato & D.-N. Chen, 1984 * ''Neostyriaca'' A. J. Wagner, 1920: synonym of ''Clausilia (Neostyriaca)'' A. J. Wagner, 1920 represented as ''

'' Draparnaud, 1805 * ''Oligozaptx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Stereozaptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1905 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Parazaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Parazaptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1905 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Pliciphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 1998: synonym of ''Stereophaedusa (Pliciphaedusa)'' H. Nordsieck, 1998 represented as '' Stereophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Pulchraptyx'' Minato, 1981: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Pulchraptyx)'' Minato, 1981 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Renschiphaedusa'' Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1973: synonym of '' Phaedusa'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 * ''Selenoptyx'' Pilsbry, 1908: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Selenoptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1908 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Serrulinella'' H. Nordsieck, 1984: synonym of ''Serrulina (Serrulinella)'' H. Nordsieck, 1984 represented as '' Serrulina'' Mousson, 1873 (unaccepted rank) * ''Stereozaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Stereozaptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1905 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Thaumatoptyx'' Pilsbry, 1908: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Thaumatoptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1908 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Tyrannophaedusa'' Pilsbry, 1901: synonym of ''Megalophaedusa (Tyrannophaedusa)'' Pilsbry, 1900 represented as '' Megalophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Tyrannozaptyx'' Käufel, 1930: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Tyrannozaptyx)'' Käufel, 1930 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Zaptychopsis'' Ehrmann, 1927: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Zaptychopsis)'' Ehrmann, 1927 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900

Conservation

Although non-marine molluscs appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to extinction, the ''

IUCN Red list The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biol ...

'' listed only 9 speciesIUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. . Downloaded on 5 March 2010. from this family.

References

External links

* Nordsieck H. (2005–2007)
www.clausilia.de
at

Internet Archive The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...

. * Nordsieck H.
http://www.hnords.de
Internet journal for the malacology of landsnails (with special regard to Clausiliidae).
BioLib info
{{Authority control Taxa named by John Edward Gray