''Circle Magazine'' was published from 1944 to 1948 by

George Leite George Thurston Leite (December 20, 1920 – August 6, 1985) was an American author, poet, publisher, bookstore, gallery, and native plants nursery owner active in California's San Francisco Bay Area starting in the 1940s. Born to a Portuguese-A ...

, initially with poet

Bern Porter Bernard Harden Porter (born February 14, 1911, Porter Settlement in Houlton, Aroostook County, Maine – died June 7, 2004, in Belfast, Maine) was an American artist, writer, publisher, performer, and physicist. He was a representative of the avan ...

. Produced at Leite's

Berkeley, California Berkeley ( ) is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California, United States. It is named after the 18th-century Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley. It borders the cities of Oakland and Emer ...

, bookstore daliel's (stylized with a lowercase 'd'), it featured poetry, prose, criticism and art from many of those whose creative works and their successors would later come to be called the

San Francisco Renaissance The term San Francisco Renaissance is used as a global designation for a range of poetic activity centered on San Francisco, which brought it to prominence as a hub of the American poetry avant-garde in the 1950s. However, others (e.g., Alan Watts ...

. In addition to the magazine, Circle Editions published contemporary authors such as

Albert Cossery Albert Cossery (3 November 1913 – 22 June 2008) was an Egyptian-born French writer. Although Cossery lived most of his life in Paris and only wrote in the French language, all of his novels were either set in his country of birth, Egypt, or in ...

and

Henry Miller Henry Valentine Miller (December 26, 1891 – June 7, 1980) was an American novelist. He broke with existing literary forms and developed a new type of semi-autobiographical novel that blended character study, social criticism, philosophical ref ...

(a personal friend of Leite's).

Issue contents and covers

Number one, 1944 Circle 1

– Open Letter to Small Magazines *

Philip Lamantia Philip Lamantia (October 23, 1927 – March 7, 2005) was an American poet and lecturer. His poems were often visionary, ecstatic, terror-filled, and erotic, exploring the subconscious world of dreams and linking it to daily experiences, while so ...

– Two Poems *

– You're No Dope: Let Me Save You * Jeanne McGahey – Street With People *

Rosalie Moore Rosalie Moore, Gertrude Elizabeth Moore (October 8, 1910 in Oakland, California – June 18, 2001 in Petaluma, California) was an American poet. Life She graduated from the University of California, Berkeley ''magna cum laude'' with a B.A. in 19 ...

– Poem In 2 Scenes * George Elliott – The Red Battery *

– Toward A Technique Of Rule *

Josephine Miles Josephine Louise Miles (June 11, 1911 – May 12, 1985) was an American poet and literary critic; the first woman tenured in the English department at the University of California, Berkeley. She wrote over a dozen books of poetry and several wor ...

– Four Poems * Joseph Van Auker – Pirandello In Chains * Lawrence Hart (poet) – The Map Of The Country Number two, 1944 Circle 2

– To Anaïs Nin Regarding One Of Her Books *

Glen Coffield Glenn Stemmons Coffield (June 5, 1917 – June 16, 1981) was an American poet and conscientious objector. He was born in Prescott, Arizona, and received a B.S. degree in education from Central Missouri State Teachers College in 1940. During World ...

– Two Poems *

William Everson William Everson may refer to: * William Everson (poet) (1912–1994), American poet of the San Francisco Renaissance * William K. Everson (1929–1996), English-American film preservationist, historian and academic * William G. Everson (1879–1954 ...

– Two War Elegies *

R. H. Barlow Robert Hayward Barlow (May 18, 1918 – January 1 or 2, 1951Joshi & Schultz (2007): p. xx.) was an American author, avant-garde poet, anthropologist and historian of early Mexico, and expert in the Nahuatl language. He was a correspondent and f ...

– Four Poems *

– Letter To Gabene * W. Edwin Ver Becke – Four Line Prints * C.F. MacIntyre – Rilke And The Lost God *

Dean Jeffries Edward Dean Jeffries (February 25, 1933 – May 5, 2013) was an American custom car designer and fabricator, as well as stuntman and stunt coordinator for motion pictures and television programs based in Los Angeles, California. Early life ...

– Three Poems *

William Carlos Williams William Carlos Williams (September 17, 1883 – March 4, 1963) was an American poet, writer, and physician closely associated with modernism and imagism. In addition to his writing, Williams had a long career as a physician practicing both pedia ...

– To The Dean *

– To Henry Miller *

– Two Poems * Shaemus Keilty – Quinquin Number three, 1944 Circle 3

* Harry Hershkowitz – The Bulbul Birds *

Kenneth Patchen Kenneth Patchen (December 13, 1911January 8, 1972) was an American poet and novelist. He experimented with different forms of writing and incorporated painting, drawing, and jazz music into his works, which have been compared with those of Will ...

– Four Poems * W. Edwin Ver Becke – The Father *

Yvan Goll Yvan Goll (also: Iwan Goll, Ivan Goll; born Isaac Lang; 29 March 1891 – 27 February 1950) was a French-German poet who was bilingual and wrote in both French and German. He had close ties to both German expressionism and to French surrealism ...

– Histoire De Parmenia L'Havanaise * Thomas Parkinson – Morning Passage * George Elliott – Two Poems * Douglas MacAgy – Palimpsest * Pvt. Leonard Wolf – Two Poems * Hamilton Tyler – Mr. Eliot And Mr. Milton *

Jackson Burke Jackson Burke (1908 in San Francisco, California – 1975) was an American type and book designer. After studying at the University of California, Berkeley, he succeeded C.H. Griffith as Director of Typographic Development at Mergenthaler Linotyp ...

– Poem * Pvt. J.C. Crews – Poem * M. Wheelan Grote – First Impression Of College * Lt (jg) Hubert Creekmore – Two Poems * Marie Wells – Two Poems * Lawrence Hart (poet) – About Marie Wells * Robert Lottick – Poem * Wendel Anderson – Poem *

Kenneth Rexroth Kenneth Charles Marion Rexroth (1905–1982) was an American poet, translator, and critical essayist. He is regarded as a central figure in the San Francisco Renaissance, and paved the groundwork for the movement. Although he did not consider h ...

– Les Lauriers Sont Coupés Number four, 1944 Circle 4

Anaïs Nin Angela Anaïs Juana Antolina Rosa Edelmira Nin y Culmell (February 11, 1903 – January 14, 1977; , ) was a French-born American diarist, essayist, novelist, and writer of short stories and erotica. Born to Cuban parents in France, Nin was the d ...

– The All-Seeing *

Theodore Schroeder Albert Theodore Schroeder (September 17, 1864 – February 10, 1953) was an American author who wrote on issues pertaining to freedom of expression. Schroeder challenged the state of freedom of speech in the United States, claiming that the US g ...

– Where Is Obscenity? * Arthur Ginzel – Four * Walter Fowlie – The Two Creators *

– Low Darkened Shelter *

– Varda: The Master Builder * Lee Ver Duft – Poems * Herbert Cahoon – Marley And The Gemini * Lt. Joseph Stanley Pennell – Two Poems *

– All Over The Place * James Franklin Lewis – To John Wheelwright *

Forrest Anderson Forrest Howard Anderson (January 30, 1913 – July 20, 1989) was an American politician, attorney, and judge who served as the 17th Governor of Montana from 1969 to 1973. Prior to this, he served as the Attorney General of Montana from 1957 to 1 ...

– Sea Poems * Warren d'Azevedo – Deep Six For Danny * Lt. Robert L. Dark – Two poems *

– Les Lauriers Sont Coupés Number five, 1945 Circle 5

Weldon Kees Harry Weldon Kees (February 24, 1914 – disappeared July 18, 1955) was an American poet, painter, literary critic, novelist, playwright, jazz pianist, short story writer, and filmmaker. Despite his brief career, Kees is considered an importa ...

– The Purcells *

E.E. Cummings Edward Estlin Cummings, who was also known as E. E. Cummings, e. e. cummings and e e cummings (October 14, 1894 - September 3, 1962), was an American poet, painter, essayist, author and playwright. He wrote approximately 2,900 poems, two autobi ...

– Five Poems *

Dane Rudhyar Dane Rudhyar (March 23, 1895 – September 13, 1985), born Daniel Chennevière, was a American author, modernist composer and humanistic astrologer. He was a pioneer of modern transpersonal astrology. Biography Dane Rudhyar was born in Paris on ...

– Neptune, Evocator Extraordinary * Jess Cloud – Three Portraits *

Henri Hell Henri Hell, pseudonym for José Enrique Lasry (1916 – April 1991) was a French art, music and literary critic, as well as a musicologist. Biography As a literary critic, Henri Hell collaborated with ', '' Combat'', ''la Table Ronde'', '' l'Expr ...

– Max Jacob * Douglas MacAgy – Clay Spohn's War Machines *

– Preface For The Power Within Us * Aline Musyl – Four Little Poems * Albert Clements – Rain *

Alfred Young Fisher Alfred may refer to: Arts and entertainment *''Alfred J. Kwak'', Dutch-German-Japanese anime television series * ''Alfred'' (Arne opera), a 1740 masque by Thomas Arne * ''Alfred'' (Dvořák), an 1870 opera by Antonín Dvořák *"Alfred (Interlu ...

– Voltas For Fugues *

– Photo-poems * Frederic Ramsey, Jr. – Artist's Life *

Nicholas Moore Nicholas Moore (16 November 1918 – 26 January 1986) was an English poet, associated with the New Apocalyptics in the 1940s, whose reputation stood as high as Dylan Thomas’s. He later dropped out of the literary world. Biography Moore wa ...

– A Poem & A Story * Marguerite Martin – First Pity *

Paul Radin Paul may refer to: *Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) *Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity *Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Chris ...

– Journey Of The Soul * Max Harris – Two Poems Number six, 1945 Circle 6

* Lawrence Hart (poet) – Some Elements Of Active Poetry *

– Letter To Camp Orford, Poem In Two Scenes, text *

– Framed Portent, Table Set For Sea Slime, text * Marie Wells – Death At Noon, Monody In One, text * Jeanne McGahey – Road To Chicago, text *

Alfred Morang Alfred Gwynne Morang (1901–1958) was an American painter, writer, art critic and active member of the Santa Fe art colony. Alfred Morang was born in Ellsworth, Maine in 1901. His early education was in violin playing, writing and painting. He ...

– Darling Sister And The Pound Of Liver * Haldeen Brady -Whirl *

– Knud Merrild: A Holiday In Paint * Robert Barlow – Tepuzteca, Tepehua *

James Laughlin James Laughlin (October 30, 1914 – November 12, 1997) was an American poet and literary book publisher who founded New Directions Publishing. Early life He was born in Pittsburgh, the son of Henry Hughart and Marjory Rea Laughlin. Laughlin ...

– Poem In 38 Lines * Thomas Parkinson – John Works On A Figure Of Virginia, Carving It * Harry Roskolenko – Return, The Expert * Eugene Gramm – A Gallery Of Americans * Maude Phelps Hutchins – Soliloquy At Dinner *

Alex Comfort Alexander Comfort (10 February 1920 – 26 March 2000) was a British scientist and physician known best for his nonfiction sex manual, ''The Joy of Sex'' (1972). He was an author of both fiction and nonfiction, as well as a gerontologist, ...

– The Soldiers * William Pillin – My Reply As A Jew *

Leonora Carrington Mary Leonora Carrington (6 April 191725 May 2011) was a British-born Mexican artist, surrealist painter, and novelist. She lived most of her adult life in Mexico City and was one of the last surviving participants in the surrealist movement of ...

– Flannel Night Shirt * Richard O. Moore – Villanelle 1, Villanelle 2 *

– Les Lauriers Sont Coupés Numbers seven and eight, 1946 Circle 7-8

Robert Duncan (poet) Robert Edward Duncan (January 7, 1919 – February 3, 1988) was an American poet and a devotee of Hilda "H.D." Doolittle and the Western esoteric tradition who spent most of his career in and around San Francisco. Though associated with any ...

– The Years As Catches * Ian Hugo – Two Block Prints *

– Hedja * Hamilton Tyler – Finnegan Epic *

– Map Of Joyce's Life * Lindley Williams Hubbell Jacques Vache *

– Sleepers Awake * Thomas Hughes Ingle – Tattooed Sailor * Kenneth O. Hanson – Falstaff And The Chinese Poet * Douglas MacAgy – Without Horizon *

James McCray James McCray was an American operatic tenor and voice teacher. Life and career Born in Ohio, McCray served in the United States Marine Corps during the Korean War before entering the Mannes School of Music in New York City where he was a pupil of ...

– Four Paintings *

– The Magic Circle *

Brewster Ghiselin Brewster Ghiselin (June 13, 1903 – June 11, 2002) was an American poet and academic. Ghiselin was born in Webster Groves, a suburb of St. Louis. The family home is at 29 Jefferson Road, now designated as a historic landmark. At the age of ...

– Concert In Dorse * Charlotte Marletto – Oblique Epitome * A.M. Klein – In Memoriam * Thomas Parkinson – Letter To A Young Lady *

Howard O'Hagan Howard O'Hagan (February 17, 1902 – September 18, 1982) was a Canadian writer.Ken Mitchell"Howard O'Hagan" ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'', April 10, 2008. One of the first significant writers to have been born in Western Canada, he was most noted ...

– The Colony * Edmund de Coligny – The Poem Of The Two Oscars * Robert Barlow – Angel Hernandez, Artist *

– Two Photo-poems * Edwin Ver Becke – A Line Drawing And A Story, The Tryst * Gil Orovitz – Flamenco * Shaun FitzSimon – Easter Bells * Roger Pryor Dodge – A Non-esthetic Basis For The Dance * Alex Austin – Civilization * Oscar Williams – The Lemmings *

– Three Conversions * Osmond Beckwith – Fire Sale * Warren D' Azevedo – Blue Peter *

Darius Milhaud Darius Milhaud (; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—also known as ''The Group of Six''—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions ...

– French Music Between Two Wars *

George Barrows George D. Barrows (New York, February 7, 1914 – Oxnard, October 17, 1994) was an American actor known for playing Ro-Man in the film ''Robot Monster''. He was the son of actor Henry A. Barrows. He often wore a gorilla suit for his film r ...

– Creative Photography * W.S. Graham – Three Poems * Eithene Wilkins – Two Poems * Jack Jones – A Story, A Poem * Samuel Holmes – The Death Of An Innocent * James Steel Smith – Murder And Complacency *

Georges Henein Georges Henein (1914–1973) was an Egyptian poet and author. He was a founding member of the Cairo-based, surrealist Art and Liberty Group which brought together artists, writers and various intellectuals of different backgrounds and national o ...

– There Are No Pointless Jests * Martin H. Mack – It All Depends On How You Want It * David Cornel DeJong – Three Poems *

– Three Books Tangent To Circle Number nine, 1946 Circle 9

Lawrence Durrell Lawrence George Durrell (; 27 February 1912 – 7 November 1990) was an expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer. He was the eldest brother of naturalist and writer Gerald Durrell. Born in India to British colonial pare ...

– Eight Aspects Of Melissa *

Gerald Burke Gerald Burke (2 December 1930 – 24 June 1994) was an Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League. Burke made his debut for the Carlton Football Club The Carlton Football Club, nicknamed the Blues, is a professional Aus ...

– Essay On Children * Richard O. Moore – A History Primer * Jim Fitzsimmons – Four Experimental Nudes * David Stuart – The Inflammable Angel Kezia * C.F. MacIntyre – The Ars Poetica Of Paul Valery *

– The Release * A. Seixas – Ellwood Graham *

– The Wing: The Mirror * Alexis Comfort – Taras And The Snowfield * Walker Winslow – NP Ward *

Hilaire Hiler Hilaire Harzberg Hiler (July 16, 1898 – January 19, 1966) was an American artist, psychologist, and color theoretician who worked in Europe and United States during the mid-20th century. At home and abroad, Hiler worked as a muralist, jazz mu ...

– Manifesto Of Psychromatic Design *

Harold Norse Harold Norse (July 6, 1916, New York City – June 8, 2009, San Francisco) was an American writer who created a body of work using the American idiom of everyday language and images. One of the expatriate artists of the Beat generation, Norse w ...

– Three Poems * Robert Wosniak – The Man In The Cape * Robert Stock – Triumphal Arch * Ericka Braun – Oath Of The Tennis Court *

Max Harris (poet) Maxwell Henley Harris AO (13 April 1921 – 13 January 1995), generally known as Max Harris, was an Australian poet, critic, columnist, commentator, publisher, and bookseller. Early life Harris was born in Adelaide, South Australia, and raised ...

– Revolutionary Poem *

Mary Fabilli Mary Fabilli (February 16, 1914 − September 2, 2011) was an American poet and illustrator who for many years made her living as an art teacher and curator at the Oakland Museum in Oakland, California. She was for a time married to poet William ...

– The Memorable Hospital * Will Gibson – Poem For Three * Selwyn Schwartz – Four Poems *

Ernst Kaiser Ernst David Kaiser (3 October 1911 – 1 January 1972) was an Austrian writer and translator. Early life Ernst David Kaiser was born in Vienna. His father, a Jewish merchant, came from the Slovak part of Hungary, and his mother from Brno. At bir ...

– The Development From Surrealism * Richard Lyons (writer) – A Note To Kenneth Patchen * Byron Vazakas – Two Poems *

– Rimbaud Opus (Part Two) * Harry Roskolenko – PR, The Portable Review Number ten, 1948 Circle 10

* John Whitney & James Whitney – Audio-Visual Music * Joseph Stanley Pennell – Logistics *

– The Boss *

Giuseppe Ungaretti Giuseppe Ungaretti (; 8 February 1888 – 2 June 1970) was an Italian modernist poet, journalist, essayist, critic, academic, and recipient of the inaugural 1970 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. A leading representative of the experim ...

– Eight Poems * Antony Borrow – The Great Refusal * Douglas MacAgy – A Margin Of Chaos * Charles Howard – The Bride *

Harry Partch Harry Partch (June 24, 1901 – September 3, 1974) was an American composer, music theorist, and creator of unique musical instruments. He composed using scales of unequal intervals in just intonation, and was one of the first 20th-century com ...

– Show-horses In The Concert Ring * Robert Barlow – The Malinche Of Acacingo *

– Two Enemies Of Society * D. Rentis – Forward * Attile Joseph – Two Poems * Clarisse Blazek – Poet In Hungary * George Elliott – Story * Luis J. Trinkaus – Eight Inches Of Snow * Kendrick Smithyman – Legends Of The Gunner And His Girl * Warren D'Azevedo – Shuttle * Robert Duncan – Toward An African Elegy * Jody Scott &

- Admission of Fission

References

External links

Circle History
from Jean Varda's ferryboat's website {{authority control 1944 establishments in California 1948 disestablishments in California Poetry magazines published in the United States Beat Generation Defunct literary magazines published in the United States Magazines disestablished in 1948 Magazines established in 1944 Magazines published in the San Francisco Bay Area Mass media in Berkeley, California