Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine

Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine ( ja, 鳥海山大物忌神社), also known as Chokaisan Ōmonoimi-jinja, is a Shinto shrine on Mount Chokai in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The shrine has three parts on different parts of the mountain: Fukura-kuchinomiya and Warabioka-kuchinomiya at the foot of the mountain and easier to access for visitors, and the main shrine known as Sanchō-Gohonsha on the mountain's summit. The Shrine is a national historic site.

The shrine is primarily dedicated to Omonoimi no Kami, the unique kami of the shrine, but also worships Toyoukebime and Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto. Omonoimi no Kami is considered possibly identical to who is also worshipped at the Warabioka subshrine. Omonoimi no Kami is primarily associated with industrial growth and is also enshrined in other places in the Tōhoku region, including .

The shrine directly worships the mountain as a Kannabi. This is a rare practice and the only major shrines that continue the practice of direct Mountain Worship via Kannabi are Ōmiwa Shrine and Suwa-taisha and Kanasana Shrine.

The shrine is the Dewa Province Ichinomiya, or the first ranked shrine of the Dewa Province. It is close to the Three Mountains of Dewa which are also prominent spots of Mountain Worship.

It is similar to Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha at Mount Fuji

History

The mountain has been worshipped since ancient times, and its god Omonoimi no Kami has been identified with the mountain itself.

Traditions vary about the founding of the main shrine with some saying during it was founded during the reign of Emperor Keikō and others saying it was founded during the reign of Emperor Kinmei. The repeated destruction of the main shrine means archaeological evidence is difficult to find.

However the two shrines at the foot of the mountain are known to have been founded in 564 in the reign of Emperor Kinmei.

Early mentions of the shrine include the Engishiki Jinmyocho where it is listed as a Myojin Taisha, a very highly ranked shrine and mentions in the Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku whjere an oracle foretold the Imperial Army's defeat in 878 and 879.

In history every time the volcano erupted, the rank of Omonoimi no Kami was increased. This meant more lands were given to the shrine and it became wealthier and more powerful. Eruptions were interpreted as his anger. Once it was said that a corpse was improperly disposed of near the mountain. At that point a massive eruption happened and dark muddy water flowed down the rivers which were dammed by dead fish.

Omonoimi no Kami is known to have received the rank of Shōichii in the reign of Emperor Yōmei.

The shrine has been a prominent place of shugendo since the Middle Ages. A medieval buddhist myth of the temple says it was founded by the Buddhist monk En no Gyōja for "Chokai Daigongen". This myth is most associated with Warabioka. Other myths involve other Buddhist monks like Ennin or Kūkai.

The shrine was subject to a legal battle after World War II because people were confused about who owned the summit with the end of State Shinto, as of 1966 the battle was still ongoing. In 2008, the area from the summit to Kuchinomiya became a National Historic Site.

Festivals

The shrine has a festival every year on July 14 called Hi-awase shinji (火合せ神事). During the festival all across Yamagata Prefecture fires are lit simultaneously at this shrine and other Omonoimi shrines including one in Sakata, Yamagata for good harvest and good fishing.

Sanchō-Gohonsha

Sanchō-Gohonsha is the main shrine and it is located on the peak of Mount Chokai. It looks like an ordinary cabin on the outside. The shrine is rebuilt once every 20 years, it was rebuilt in 1997.

Gallery

File:鳥海山 大物忌引神社2010.08.13.JPG, Very distant photo demonstrating the scale of the mountain
File:Chokaisan Omonoimi Jinja Sancho Honden.jpg, Birds eye view of the shrine complex
File:Sanchou-Gohonsha Gate.JPG, Torii
File:大物忌神社と御室.jpg, Torii from behind
File:Precincts of Sanchou-Gohonsha.JPG, Approaching the Honden
File:Sanchou-Gohonsha Shinden.JPG, Mountain-top Main Shrine Honden

Fukura-kuchinomiya

Fukura-kuchinomiya is a subshrine located at the foot of the mountain. It is located 15 km west of the main shrine and 10 km northwest of Warabioka-kuchinomiya

Local tradition says the shrine was founded by Ennin

The Honden is located on a hill and faces south.

Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto is enshrined here.

A lake called Maruikesama is worshipped nearby as a Kannabi. The lake is considered to be a Kami itself rather than merely one living in it.

Gallery

File:Hukura-kuchinomiya Gate.JPG, Entrance Torii
File:Hukura haiden.JPG, Haiden
File:Hukura Ryoushogu.JPG, Honden
File:Hukura Honden.JPG, Honden from different angle

Warabioka-kuchinomiya

Warabioka-kuchinomiya is a subshrine located at the foot of the mountain. It is located 10 km southeast of Fukura-kuchinomiya, and 14 km southwest of Sancho-Gohonsha. The shrine worships agricultural deities Toyoke-Ookami and Ukanomitama no Mikoto.

It is said in local tradition that the legendary Buddhist monk En no Gyōja founded the shrine.

The shrine has four small Hokora or subshrines of its own.

There is a festival celebrated here on May 3 called Daimonbei Matsuri.

There are three torii gates and the movie Rurouni Kenshin: The Legend Ends was filmed there.

Gallery

File:蕨口之宮 一の鳥居.jpg, alt=Located at the base of the sanctuary., First Torii
File:Warabioka-kuchinomiya Gate.JPG, Second Torii
File:Warabioka-kuchinomiya 2nd Gate.JPG, Third Torii
File:Warabioka Honden.JPG, Honden

See also

* Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha
*
* Three Mountains of Dewa
** Mount Gassan with Gassan Shrine
** Mount Haguro with
** Mount Yudono with
* Other highly ranked shrines of Dewa Province
** Ninomiya
** Sannomiya

Notelist

References

{{reflist

Shinto shrines
Shinto shrines in Yamagata Prefecture
Shugendō
Mountain faith
Myōjin Taisha
Kokuhei Chūsha
500s establishments
Beppyo shrines
En no Gyōja