Zhongzheng or Chungcheng () is a common name for places, roads, schools or organizations in

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

-speaking areas, though today predominantly in

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

. The majority of these places and things are named after Chiang Chung-cheng, the preferred given name of

Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...

. As a result, when translating into

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

or other non-Chinese languages, it sometimes would be replaced by "Chiang Kai-shek" instead of simply by

transliteration Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one writing system, script to another that involves swapping Letter (alphabet), letters (thus ''wikt:trans-#Prefix, trans-'' + ''wikt:littera#Latin, liter-'') in predictable ways, such as ...

. The usual official

romanization Romanization or romanisation, in linguistics, is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and ...

of this name is either "Zhongzheng" (using the

hanyu pinyin Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese for ...

system), or "Chungcheng" (using the older Wade-Giles system). The former spelling has been standard in Taiwan since 2009 and in

mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. ...

since 1958. Between about 2002 and 2009 in Taiwan, the variant "Jhongjheng" (using the

tongyong pinyin Tongyong Pinyin () was the official romanization of Mandarin in Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was unofficially used between 2000 and 2002, when a new romanization system for Taiwan was being evaluated for adoption. Taiwan's Ministry of ...

system) was also seen. Other variations, using informal transcriptions, sometimes omit either instance of the letter "''g''", or use "''u''" and "''o''" interchangeably. The two syllables ("''Zhong''" and "''zheng''") may be separated by a

hyphen The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. ''Son-in-law'' is an example of a hyphenated word. The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes (figure d ...

space Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider ...

Origin

The majority of these places and institutions are named after

. In imitation of the previous practice of naming important roads and institutions "

Zhongshan Zhongshan (; ) is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation with 65,565,622 i ...

", after one of the given names of

Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen (; also known by several other names; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)Singtao daily. Saturday edition. 23 October 2010. section A18. Sun Yat-sen Xinhai revolution 100th anniversary edition . was a Chinese politician who serve ...

, a large campaign to rename roads and public institutions in honour of Chiang occurred in

in the 1930s and 40s after Chiang came to power, and especially in 1945 after victory against Japan under a government led by Chiang. The campaign spread to Taiwan when it was recovered by the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

government after the war. However, after the Republic of China lost control of mainland China to the

Communist Party of China The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil ...

from the late 1940s, the vast majority of roads and institutions named "Zhongzheng" were renamed (whereas those named after Sun Yat-sen have remained largely unchanged). As a result, the vast majority of roads and institutions named "Zhongzheng" are now located in Taiwan. In

, ''zhongzheng'' simply means "upright", and there are some usages which predate Chiang Kai-shek, such as "''zhongzheng''" (中正), a term describing a

government official An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority, (either their own or that of their ...

of the

nine-rank system The nine-rank system, also known as the nine-grade controller system, was used to categorize and classify government officials in Imperial China. Created in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms, it was used until the Song dynasty, and sim ...

imperial China The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC), during the reign of king Wu Ding. Ancient historical texts such as the '' Book of Documents'' (early chapte ...

. In

Japanese history The first human inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago have been traced to prehistoric times around 30,000 BC. The Jōmon period, named after its cord-marked pottery, was followed by the Yayoi period in the first millennium BC when new invent ...

, the same characters ("中正") are used in names such as the organisation "Chuuseikai" (中正会), which are also unrelated to Chiang.

Standard romanizations in Mandarin

Hanyu Pinyin Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese for ...

: ''Zhongzheng'' * Wade-Giles: ''Chungcheng'' *

MPS II Hunter syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), is a rare genetic disorder in which large sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans (or GAGs or mucopolysaccharides) build up in body tissues. It is a form of lysosomal storage disease. ...

: ''Jungjeng'' *

Tongyong Pinyin Tongyong Pinyin () was the official romanization of Mandarin in Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was unofficially used between 2000 and 2002, when a new romanization system for Taiwan was being evaluated for adoption. Taiwan's Ministry of ...

: ''Jhongjheng''

Usage

Administrative divisions

Zhongzheng District Zhongzheng District (also Jhongjheng District) is a District (Taiwan), district in Taipei. It is home to most of the national government buildings of the Taiwan, Republic of China (Taiwan), including the Presidential Office Building, Taipei, P ...

(中正區), Taipei *

(中正區), Keelung *

Taoyuan Zhongzheng Arts and Cultural Business District Taoyuan Zhongzheng Arts and Cultural Business District ( zh, 桃園中正藝文特區) is located on the north side of Taoyuan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The total area of Taoyuan Zhongzheng Arts and Cultural Business District is 15.65 hecta ...

(桃園中正藝文特區), Taoyuan * There are numerous "Zhongzheng Villages" (中正里) in Taiwan.

Roads

*Many cities in Taiwan have one or more major streets called "Zhongzheng Road" or "Zhongzheng Street". *Many cities in mainland China previously had one or more major streets called "Zhongzheng Road": **Zhongzheng Road was a major east-west artery road of

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...

, now renamed

Yan'an Road Yan'an Road (; Shanghainese: Yi'ue Lu) is a road in Shanghai, a major east–west thoroughfare through the centre of the city. The modern Yan'an Road is in three sections, reflecting three connected streets which existed pre-1945: Avenue Edward ...

Schools

National Chung Cheng University National Chung Cheng University (CCU; ) is a national university in Minxiong Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan. CCU is a member of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. History National Chung Cheng University was the first ...

(國立中正大學) is a university in Taiwan * Chung-Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School (中正預校) is a military cadet school in Taiwan *

Chung Cheng High School Chung Cheng High School may refer to the following secondary schools in Singapore: *Chung Cheng High School (Main), in Marine Parade *Chung Cheng High School (Yishun) Chung Cheng High School (Yishun) (CCHY) is a co-educational government-aided s ...

(中正中學) is a high school in

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

*There are numerous Zhongzheng or Chungcheng elementary schools, and junior and senior high schools in Taiwan (中正國小, 中正國中 and 中正高中 respectively): **

Taipei Municipal Zhong-zheng Senior High School Zhong-zheng Senior High School (ZZSH or CCSH; ; Tongyong Pinyin: taibei shihli jhong jheng gaojhong, Wade–Giles: t'aipei shihli chung cheng kaochung) is a public 3-year high school in Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China. History Taipei ...

in Taipei

Parks

* There are numerous Zhongzheng Parks in Taiwan: **

Zhongzheng Park The Zhongzheng Park () is a park in Jinhu Township, Kinmen County, Taiwan. History The park was established in 1976 by Kinmen County Government. In 1986, to celebrate the 100th birthday of President Chiang Kai-shek, military and civilians plan ...

Keelung Keelung () or Jilong () (; Hokkien POJ: '), officially known as Keelung City, is a major port city situated in the northeastern part of Taiwan. The city is a part of the Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area, along with its neighbors, New Taipe ...

Jinhu Township Jinhu may refer to: Mainland China *Jinhu County (金湖县), of Huai'an, Jiangsu * Jinhu, Jianhu County (阜余镇), town in Jianhu County, Jiangsu * Jinhu, Gongqingcheng (金湖镇), town in Gongqingcheng City, Jiangxi Taiwan *Jinhu, Kinmen ...

Kinmen County Kinmen, alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands governed as a county by the Republic of China (Taiwan), off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It lies roughly east of the city of Xiamen in Fujian, from which it is separate ...

* There were previously Zhongzheng Parks in many cities in mainland China

Aviation

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport is an international airport serving Taipei and northern Taiwan. Located about west of Taipei in Dayuan District, Taoyuan, the airport is Taiwan's largest. It was also the busiest airport in Taiwan before t ...

was formerly known as (officially) "Chiang Kai-shek International Airport" or (directly translated) "Chung-cheng International Airport". *

Chung Cheng Aviation Museum The Chung Cheng Aviation Museum () was an aviation museum located at Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport in Dayuan Township, Taoyuan County (now Dayuan District, Taoyuan City), Taiwan. The museum closed on March 31, 2014, to allow for planned co ...

is an aviation museum located at Taoyuan International Airport

Ships

* {{ship, ROCS, Chung Cheng is the name of several ships of the Republic of China Navy

Honours and awards

Order of Chiang Chung-Cheng Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...

is more directly translated as the "Chung-cheng Order" * The Chung-cheng Sword was awarded by Chiang Kai-shek to graduates of the

Whampoa Military Academy The Republic of China Military Academy () is the service academy for the army of the Republic of China, located in Fengshan District, Kaohsiung. Previously known as the the military academy produced commanders who fought in many of China ...

and as a battle honour.