Chronidae is a
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
of air-breathing land
slug
Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a smal ...
s,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the superfamily
Trochomorphoidea within the superorder
Eupulmonata
Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions.
Linnean taxonomy
*Suborder Eupulmonat ...
.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Chronidae Thiele, 1931. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994726 on 2021-02-22]
Distribution
Distribution of Chronidae include eastern-
Palearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa.
The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Sibe ...
, Ethiopian, Madagascar,
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
, south-eastern Asia, Australian and Polynesian eco-regions.
Genera
Genera within the family Chronidae include:
* ''
Antinous
Antinous, also called Antinoös, (; grc-gre, Ἀντίνοος; 27 November – before 30 October 130) was a Greek youth from Bithynia and a favourite and probable lover of the Roman emperor Hadrian. Following his premature death before his ...
''
Robson, 1914
* ''
Atrichoconcha''
Bartsch, 1942
* ''
Bekkochlamys''
Habe, 1958
* ''
Ceratochlamys''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Chronos
Chronos (; grc-gre, Χρόνος, , "time"), also spelled Khronos or Chronus, is a personification of time in pre-Socratic philosophy and later literature.
Chronos is frequently confused with, or perhaps consciously identified with, the Tit ...
''
Robson, 1914 - type * of the family Chronidae
* ''
Danjochlamys''
Y. Azuma & M. Azuma, 1993
* ''
Exrhysota''
H. B. Baker, 1941
* ''
Gastrodontella''
Möllendorff, 1901
* ''
Glyptobensonia''
Möllendorff, 1894
* ''
Hemiglypta''
Möllendorff, 1893
* ''
Hemiglyptopsis''
Thiele, 1931
* ''
Hemitrichiella''
Zilch, 1956
* ''
Japanochlamys''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Kaliella''
W. T. Blanford, 1863
* ''
Lamarckiella''
Möllendorff, 1898
* ''
Lepidotrichia
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as see ...
''
Bartsch, 1942
* ''
Macroceras''
C. Semper, 1870
* ''
Nesokaliella''
Gerlach, 1998 - endemic to the
Seychelles
Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, V ...
* ''
Nipponochlamys''
Habe, 1945
* ''
Otesiopsis''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Parakaliella''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Pararyssota''
Bartsch, 1938
* ''
Platymma''
Tomlin, 1938
* ''
Ponapea''
H. B. Baker, 1941
* ''
Pseudhelicarion''
Möllendorff, 1894
* ''
Pseudokaliella''
Godwin-Austen, 1910
* ''
Ryssota''
Albers, 1850
* ''
Striokaliella''
Thiele, 1931
* ''
Takemasaia''
Azuma & Minato, 1976
* ''
Trichobensonia''
Möllendorff, 1902
* ''
Trochochlamys''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Trukrhysa''
H. B. Baker, 1941
* ''
Vitrinoidea''
C. Semper, 1873
* ''
Vitrinopsis''
C. Semper, 1873
* ''
Yamatochlamys''
Habe, 1945
;Synonyms:
* ''Hemitrichia''
Möllendorff, 1888: synonym of ''Hemitrichiella''
Zilch, 1956 (Invalid: Junior homonym of ''Hemitrichia''
Rostafinski, 1873 yxomycetes ''Hemitrichiella'' is a replacement name)
* ''Rhysota''
Martens, 1860: synonym of ''Ryssota''
Albers, 1850 (unjustified emendation of the original name)
* ''Rhyssota'' auct.: synonym of ''Ryssota''
Albers, 1850 (invalid: unjustified emendation of the original name)
Cladogram
The following
cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to d ...
shows the
phylogenic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
relationships of this family with the other families within the
limacoid clade
The Limacoidei is a taxonomic infraorder of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the suborder Helicina
Distribution
The original ancestral area of limacoid families is thought to b ...
:
[Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". '']Journal of Biogeography
The ''Journal of Biogeography'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in biogeography that was established in 1974. It covers aspects of spatial, ecological, and historical biogeography. The founding editor-in-chief was David Watts, followed by J ...
'' 27(2): 379-390.
JSTOR
References
* Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526.
External links
Pfeffer, G. (1878). Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Schnecken. I. Die Naniniden. Jahrbücher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft. 5: 251-276
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5114086