''Chondrostoma'' (from the

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or hor ...

in the family

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest verte ...

. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the

common nase The common nase (''Chondrostoma nasus'') is a European potamodromous Fish migration is mass relocation by fish from one area or body of water to another. Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to ann ...

(''C. nasus''). The common name refers to the protruding upper jaw of these fishes; it is derived from the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

term ''Nase'' 'nose'. Several species have a very restricted range. Some of these

endemics Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

are very rare nowadays, and at least one

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

is globally

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

Systematics

In 2007 it was determined that the presumed

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

group consisted of six at least partly independent lineages of

Leuciscinae Leuciscinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the O ...

, meaning that the rasping feeding apparatus evolved more than once. It was proposed to split the genus in six in consequence: ''

Achondrostoma ''Achondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. It is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.Robalo, J. I., et al. (2007)Re-examination and phylogeny of the genus ''Chondrostoma'' based on mitochondrial ...

'', ''Chondrostoma'', ''

Iberochondrostoma ''Iberochondrostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. Species There are currently five recognized species in this genus: * '' Iberochondrostoma almacai'' ( M. M. Coelho, Mesquita & Collares-Pereira, 2005) * ''Iberoc ...

'', ''

Pseudochondrostoma ''Pseudochondrostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that occurs in the Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula (), ** * Aragonese and Occitan: ''Peninsula Iberica'' ** ** * french: Péninsule Ibérique * mwl, Península Eibérica * ...

'', '' Protochondrostoma'' and ''

Parachondrostoma ''Parachondrostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found mostly in Spain with one species entering France. There are currently four species in this genus. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * '' Parachondrostoma arr ...

''. But at least ''Achondrostoma'' and ''Iberochondrostoma'' may not be separable.

Species

There are currently 24 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Chondrostoma angorense ''Chondrostoma angorense'', sometimes called the Ankara nase or Black Sea nase, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Chondrostoma'' which is endemic to northern Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian pl ...

Elvira Elvira is a female given name. First recorded in medieval Spain, it is likely of Germanic (Gothic) origin. Elvira may refer to: People Nobility * Elvira Menéndez (died 921), daughter of Hermenegildo Gutiérrez and wife of Ordoño II of León ...

, 1987 (Ankara nase) * ''

Chondrostoma beysehirense The Beysehir nase (''Chondrostoma beysehirense'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Turkey and it is restricted to three streams flowing into Lake Beysehir, where it also occurs, in central Anatolia ...

'' Bogutskaya, 1997 (Beysehir nase) * ''

Chondrostoma ceyhanensis ''Chondrostoma'' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to de ...

'' Küçük,

Turan Turan ( ae, Tūiriiānəm, pal, Tūrān; fa, توران, Turân, , "The Land of Tur") is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical re ...

, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci, 2017 * '' Chondrostoma colchicum'' Derjugin, 1899 (Colchic nase) * '' Chondrostoma cyri''

Kessler Kessler or Keßler (in German) may refer to: * Kessler (automobile), an American automobile made 1921–1922 * Kessler (name), people named Kessler * ''Kessler'' (TV series), a British television series from 1981 * Kessler, Ohio, an unincorporat ...

, 1877 (Kura nase) * '' Chondrostoma esmaeilii'' Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad, 2017 * '' Chondrostoma fahirae'' ( Ladiges, 1960) (Tefenni nase) * ''

Chondrostoma holmwoodii ''Chondrostoma holmwoodii'', sometimes known as the Izmir nase or Eastern Aegean nase, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to Western Turkey. The specific name ''holmwoodii'' honours Frederic Holmwood, collec ...

'' (

Boulenger Boulenger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Benjamin Boulenger (born 1990), French footballer * Edward George Boulenger (1888–1946), British zoologist, director of aquarium at London Zoo * George Albert Boulenger (1858–1 ...

, 1896) (Izmir nase) * '' Chondrostoma kinzelbachi''

Krupp The Krupp family (see pronunciation), a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, is notable for its production of steel, artillery, ammunition and other armaments. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG (Friedrich Krup ...

, 1985 (Orentes nase) * '' Chondrostoma knerii'' Heckel, 1843 (Dalmatian nase) * ''

Chondrostoma kubanicum Kuban's nase or Kuban nase (''Chondrostoma kubanicum'') is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in the Kuban River drainage in the North Caucasus region in Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, i ...

'' L. S. Berg, 1914 (Kuban's nase) * ''

Chondrostoma meandrense ''Chondrostoma meandrense'', sometimes called the Menderes nase or Işıklı nase, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Turkey. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss Habita ...

, 1987 (Menderes nase) * ''

Chondrostoma nasus The common nase (''Chondrostoma nasus'') is a European potamodromous cyprinid fish. It is often simply called the nase, but that can refer to any species of its genus ''Chondrostoma''. Another name is sneep. Distribution The nase is found natura ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) (Common nase, sneep) * '' Chondrostoma orientale''

Bianco Bianco is a town and ''comune'' in the Province of Reggio Calabria, in southern Italy. It is a seaside town and a popular tourist resort. The main attractions are the remainings of an old abbey and the ruins of a Roman house. See also *Calabria ...

& Bănărescu, 1982 * '' Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum''

, 1877 (Terek nase) * '' Chondrostoma phoxinus'' Heckel, 1843 (Minnow nase) * ''

Chondrostoma prespense ''Chondrostoma prespense'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to the Prespa Lakes in Albania, Greece, and North Macedonia. Its natural habitats are rivers and freshwater lakes. It is threatened by habitat los ...

'' S. L. Karaman, 1924 (Prespa nase) * '' Chondrostoma regium'' ( Heckel, 1843) (Mesopotamian nase) * †'' Chondrostoma scodrense''

, 1987 *''

Chondrostoma smyrnae ''Chondrostoma'' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to den ...

'' Küçük, Çiftçi, Güçlü &

, 2021 * '' Chondrostoma soetta'' Bonaparte, 1840 (Italian nase) * '' Chondrostoma toros'' Küçük,

, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci, 2017 * '' Chondrostoma vardarense'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 (Vardar nase) * '' Chondrostoma variabile''

Yakovlev The JSC A.S. Yakovlev Design Bureau (russian: ОАО Опытно-конструкторское бюро им. А.С. Яковлева) is a Russian aircraft designer and manufacturer (design office prefix Yak). Its head office is in Aeroport D ...

, 1870 (Volga undermouth)

Footnotes

References

Chondrostoma FishBase
* (2007): A new species of ''Chondrostoma'' Agassiz, 1832 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) with sexual dimorphism from the lower Rio Tejo Basin. ''

Zootaxa ''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The journal was established by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and new issues are published multiple times a week. ...

'' 1616: 23–35
PDF abstract
* (2008): Insights on speciation patterns in the genus ''Iberochondrostoma'' (Cyprinidae): Evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear data. {{Taxonbar, from=Q141255 Leuciscinae Cyprinidae genera Taxa named by Louis Agassiz Taxonomy articles created by Polbot