''Chloritis'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the subfamily Hadrinae of the family

Camaenidae Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora. These ...

.MolluscaBase (2018). Chloritis H. Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818723 on 2018-12-25 The genus ''Chloritis'' is restricted to

South-east Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland ...

(from China to

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

and up to New Guinea) with numerous species having usually small distributional ranges.

Shell description

The conchological characters of the species belonging to the genus ''Chloritis'' are the more or less compact shells, the biconcave or a hardly elevated

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...

. The first

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...

are quite narrow, rounded, the

apical Apical means "pertaining to an apex". It may refer to: *Apical ancestor, refers to the last common ancestor of an entire group, such as a species (biology) or a clan (anthropology) *Apical (anatomy), an anatomical term of location for features loc ...

ones with regularly arranged granules or hair pits.

Last whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology of the shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. In gastropods In gastropods, the b ...

is widened suddenly, with a more or less open umbilicus. The

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An opt ...

is lunate. The peristome is reflected, connected in most cases by a thin callus.

Species

Some researchers divided the genus ''Chloritis'' in a number of rather poorly defined subgenera, or even consider these subgenera as genera. The characters used for these separations are only

shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses ** Thin-shell structure Science Biology * Seashell, a hard ou ...

features; unfortunately from only a few species the anatomy is known. Here the more conservative systematic classification (only one genus ''Chloritis'') is followed as proposed by Vaught (1989).Vaught K. C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca: i-xii, 1-195.'' American Malacologists, Inc., Melbourne, Florida, United States. Species within the genus ''Chloritis'' include: * '' Chloritis abletti'' Thach & F. Huber, 2018 * '' Chloritis addita'' I. Rensch, 1935 * '' Chloritis balansai'' (Morlet, 1886) * '' Chloritis balatensis'' (Kobelt, 1896) - from Sulawesi * '' Chloritis beddomei'' Gude, 1906 * '' Chloritis bellonensis'' (Clench, 1958) * '' Chloritis bifoveata'' (Benson, 1856) - from West Malaysia * ''

Chloritis biomphala ''Chloritis biomphala'' is a species of land snail, a terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae. Distribution The type locality is Seram Island ("in insula Seram Island, Ceram"), Indonesia. Other loca ...

'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1862) - from Sulawesi * '' Chloritis camaratus'' Dall, 1910 * '' Chloritis caseus'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1860) * '' Chloritis ceramensis'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1861) * '' Chloritis circumdata'' (A.E.J. Férussac, 1821) * '' Chloritis concisa'' (Férussac, 1823) * '' Chloritis crassula'' (Philippi, 1844) * '' Chloritis delibrata'' (Benson, 1836) * '' Chloritis deliciosa'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1863) * '' Chloritis dentrecasteauxi'' (E. A. Smith, 1884) * '' Chloritis diplochone'' Möllendorff, 1898 * '' Chloritis discordialis'' (Deshayes, 1839) * '' Chloritis durandi'' (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900) * '' Chloritis eustoma'' (Pfeiffer, 1857) * '' Chloritis flexuosa'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1855) * '' Chloritis fraudulenta'' Gude, 1906: synonym of '' Sulcobasis fraudulenta'' (Gude, 1906) * '' Chloritis gabata'' (Gould, 1844) * '' Chloritis gaymardi'' (Deshayes, 1831) * '' Chloritis gruneri'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1845) - from Sulawesi * '' Chloritis helicinoides'' (Mousson, 1848) * '' Chloritis heteromphalus'' Pilsbry, 1906 * '' Chloritis holoserica'' Gude, 1906 * '' Chloritis howesii'' E. A. Smith, 1896 * '' Chloritis huberi'' Thach, 2016 (''

taxon inquirendum In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The term t ...

'') * '' Chloritis impotens'' Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1908 * '' Chloritis johannisi'' Cilia, 2010 * '' Chloritis khammouanensis'' Inkhavilay & Panha, 2019 * '' Chloritis klausgrohi'' Thach & F. Huber, 2017 * '' Chloritis leithi'' Gude, 1914 * '' Chloritis lemeslei'' (Morlet, 1891) * '' Chloritis leytensis'' Möllendorff, 1890 * '' Chloritis macrostoma'' Gude, 1906 - from Sulawesi * '' Chloritis malayana'' (Möllendorff, 1887) * '' Chloritis mansonensis'' Gude, 1906: synonym of '' Trichochloritis mansonensis'' (Gude, 1906) (original combination) * '' Chloritis marimberti'' (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900) * '' Chloritis martensi'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1861) * '' Chloritis mertensi'' I. Rensch, 1930 * '' Chloritis mima'' Fulton, 1899 * '' Chloritis minahassae'' P. & F. Sarasin, 1899 - from Sulawesi * '' Chloritis molliseta'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1863) * '' Chloritis nasuta'' (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909) * '' Chloritis norodomiana'' (Morlet, 1883) * '' Chloritis pervicina'' E. A. Smith, 1897 * '' Chloritis planorbina'' Haas, 1912 - from Sulawesi * '' Chloritis platytropis'' Möllendorff, 1894 * '' Chloritis polingi'' (Clench, 1957) * '' Chloritis procumbens'' (Gould, 1843) * '' Chloritis propinqua'' (Pfeiffer, 1857) * '' Chloritis quadrivolvis'' (Martens, 1865) * '' Chloritis quercina'' (Pfeiffer, 1857) * '' Chloritis remoratrix'' (Morlet, 1893) * '' Chloritis sanziana'' (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1849) * '' Chloritis selenitoides'' Fulton, 1899 * ''

Chloritis siamensis ''Chloritis'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Hadrinae of the family Camaenidae.MolluscaBase (2018). Chloritis H. Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register ...

'' Möllendorff, 1902 * '' Chloritis spinosissima'' C. Semper, 1880 * '' Chloritis subsulcata'' Möllendorff, 1894 * '' Chloritis sumbawana'' B. Rensch, 1930 * '' Chloritis talabensis'' (Kobelt, 1896) - from Sulawesi * '' Chloritis tenella'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1862) * '' Chloritis teres'' Gude, 1906 * '' Chloritis tetragyra'' Möllendorff, 1897 * '' Chloritis thachi'' F. Huber, 2018 * '' Chloritis theobaldi'' Gude, 1914 * '' Chloritis togianensis'' Maassen, 2009 - from Sulawesi * '' Chloritis transversalis'' (Mousson, 1857) * '' Chloritis unguiculastra'' (Martens, 1867) * '' Chloritis ungulina'' (Linnaeus, 1758) - type species * '' Chloritis vanbruggeni'' Maassen, 2009 - from Sulawesi * '' Chloritis vinhensis'' Thach & F. Huber, 2018

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference.Maassen W. J. M. (2009). "Remarks on the genus ''Chloritis'' in Sulawesi, Indonesia, with the descriptions of two new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Camaenidae)". ''

Zoologische Mededelingen ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' was a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing papers and monographs on animal systematics. The publisher was the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in the Netherlands. The first issue appeared ...

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{{Commonscat Camaenidae