Chlorine perchlorate is a
chemical compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element ...
with the formula Cl
2O
4. This
chlorine oxide
Chlorine and oxygen can bond in many ways:
* chlorine monoxide, , chlorine (II) oxide
* chlorine peroxide, , dimer of chlorine (II) oxide
* chlorine dioxide, , chlorine (IV) oxide
* chloroperoxyl,
*chlorine trioxide, ClO3, chlorine (VI) oxide
* ...
is an asymmetric oxide, with one chlorine atom in +1
oxidation state
In chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic. It describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. C ...
and the other +7, with proper formula ClOClO
3. It is produced by the
photodimerization of
chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C. It is usually ...
(ClO
2) at room temperature by 436 nm
ultraviolet light
Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 nanometer, nm (with a corresponding frequency around 30 Hertz, PHz) to 400 nm (750 Hertz, THz), shorter than that of visible light, but longer than ...
:
:2 ClO
2 → ClOClO
3
Chlorine perchlorate can also be made by the following reaction at −45 °C.
:CsClO
4 + ClOSO
2F → Cs(SO
3)F + ClOClO
3
Properties
Chlorine perchlorate is a pale greenish liquid. It is less stable than ClO
2 (chlorine dioxide) and decomposes at room temperature to give O
2 (
oxygen
Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as ...
), Cl
2 (
chlorine
Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine i ...
) and Cl
2O
6 (
dichlorine hexoxide
Dichlorine hexoxide is the chemical compound with the molecular formula , which is correct for its gaseous state. However, in liquid or solid form, this chlorine oxide ionizes into the dark red ionic compound chloryl perchlorate , which may be tho ...
):
:2 ClOClO
3 → O
2 + Cl
2 + Cl
2O
6
Chlorine perchlorate reacts with metal chlorides to form chlorine and the corresponding anhydrous perchlorate:
:CrO
2Cl
2 + 2 ClOClO
3 → 2 Cl
2 + CrO
2(ClO
4)
2
:TiCl
4 + 4 ClOClO
3 → 4 Cl
2 + Ti(ClO
4)
4
:2 AgCl + 2 ClOClO
3 → 2 AgClO
4 + Cl
2
Reactions
Notes
References
{{oxygen compounds
Chlorine oxides
Acidic oxides
Chlorine(VII) compounds
Perchlorates