Chlorine nitrate, with chemical formula ClNO
3 is an important atmospheric gas present in the
stratosphere
The stratosphere () is the second layer of the atmosphere of the Earth, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. The stratosphere is an atmospheric layer composed of stratified temperature layers, with the warm layers of air ...
. It is an important sink of chlorine that contributes to the depletion of ozone.
It explosively reacts with metals, metal chlorides, alcohols, ethers, and most organic materials. When it is heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of Cl
2 and NO
x.
It can be produced by the reaction of
dichlorine monoxide
Dichlorine monoxide is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula Cl2O. It was first synthesised in 1834 by Antoine Jérôme Balard, who along with Gay-Lussac also determined its composition. In older literature it is often referred to as c ...
and
dinitrogen pentoxide
Dinitrogen pentoxide is the chemical compound with the formula , also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds that only contain nitrogen and oxygen. It exists as colourless ...
at 0 °C:
:Cl
2O + N
2O
5 → 2 ClONO
2
or by the reaction:
:ClF + HNO
3 → HF + ClONO
2
It can also react with
alkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond.
Alkene is often used as synonym of olefin, that is, any hydrocarbon containing one or more double bonds.H. Stephen Stoker (2015): General, Organic, an ...
s:
:(CH
3)
2C=CH
2 + ClONO
2 → O
2NOC(CH
3)
2CH
2Cl
Chlorine nitrate reacts with metal
chloride
The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. It is formed when the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents. Chloride salts ...
s:
:4 ClONO
2 + TiCl
4 → Ti(NO
3)
4 + 4 Cl
2
References
Inorganic chlorine compounds
Nitrates
Oxidizing agents
Chlorine(I) compounds
{{Inorganic-compound-stub