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__NOTOC__
''Charaxes ansorgei'' is a
/ref> The habitat consists of montane forest on altitudes between 2,000 and 3,000 meters. The larvae feed on '' Bersama abyssinica abyssinica'', '' Bersama abyssinica englerana'' and '' Bersama paullinoides''.It was once considered to be a very rare species but it is relatively common in dense and inaccessible montane forests
page 428-429 (for terms see ''Novitates Zoologicae'' Volume 5:545-601
butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...
in the family Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red ...
. It is found in Sudan
Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...
, the Democratic Republic of Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
, Uganda
}), is a landlocked country in East Africa
East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...
, Rwanda
Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...
, Burundi
Burundi (, ), officially the Republic of Burundi ( rn, Repuburika y’Uburundi ; Swahili language, Swahili: ''Jamuhuri ya Burundi''; French language, French: ''République du Burundi'' ), is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the ...
, Kenya
)
, national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"()
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Nairobi
, coordinates =
, largest_city = Nairobi
, ...
, Tanzania
Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...
, Malawi
Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast ...
and Zambia
Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...
.Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini/ref> The habitat consists of montane forest on altitudes between 2,000 and 3,000 meters. The larvae feed on '' Bersama abyssinica abyssinica'', '' Bersama abyssinica englerana'' and '' Bersama paullinoides''.It was once considered to be a very rare species but it is relatively common in dense and inaccessible montane forests
Description
Nearly allied to the preceding species ''Charaxes brutus
__NOTOC__
''Charaxes brutus'', the white-barred emperor or white-barred Charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Africa (see subspecies section for detailed information).
Its flight period is year-round. Notes on the ...
'', but has the basal part of the forewing above chestnut-brown, not black; the discal band of the hindwing is bluish white. Male- discal band of the fore wing ochre-yellow, continuous to vein 4, then broken up into spots, one each in cellules 4 and 7 and two each in 5 and 6; on the proximal side of the discal band the ground-colour forms black spots in cellules 2—6; small light marginal dots; hindwing with orange-yellow submarginal spots in cellules 2—7 and 2 blue spots in 1 c; the tail at vein 4 somewhat shorter than that at vein 2. The female is larger than the male and has the median
band on the forewing white, only at the costal margin somewhat yellowish; the tails of the hindwing are longer than in the male and the anterior longer than the posterior.
A full description is given by Rothschild, W. And Jordan, K., 1900 ''Novitates Zoologicae'' Volume 7:287-524page 428-429 (for terms see ''Novitates Zoologicae'' Volume 5:545-601
Subspecies
*''C. a. ansorgei'' (Uganda: slopes of Mount Elgon, Kenya: highlands west of the Rift Valley) *''C. a. jacksoni'' Poulton, 1933 (Kenya: highlands east of the Rift Valley) *''C. a. kilimanjarica'' van Someren, 1967 (Tanzania: Kilimanjaro) *''C. a. kinyeti'' Plantrou, 1989 (Sudan (south to Imatong, Kinyeti and Didinga Mountains) *''C. a. kungwensis'' van Someren, 1967 (Tanzania: eastern shores of Lake Tanganyika) *''C. a. levicki'' Poulton, 1933 (southern highlands of Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia) *''C. a. loita'' Plantrou, 1982 (southern Kenya, northern Tanzania) *''C. a. ruandana'' Talbot, 1932 (south-western Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo) *''C. a. rydoni'' van Someren, 1967 (north-eastern Tanzania) *''C. a. simoni'' Turlin, 1987 (north-eastern Tanzania) *''C. a. ufipa'' Kielland, 1978Kielland, J. 1978. A provisional checklist of the Rhopalocera of the eastern side of Lake Tanganyika. ''Tijdschrift voor Entomologie'' 121 (4): 147-237 (western Tanzania)Related species
Historical attempts to assemble a cluster of presumably related species into a "''Charaxes jasius'' Group" have not been wholly convincing. More recent taxonomic revision, corroborated by phylogenetic research, allow a more rational grouping congruent with cladistic relationships. Within a well-populatedclade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
of 27 related species sharing a common ancestor approximately 16 mya during the Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
, 26 are now considered together as The ''jasius'' Group. One of the two lineages within this clade forms a robust monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
group of seven species sharing a common ancestor approximately 2-3 mya, i.e. during the Pliocene
The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58"Out of Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus ''Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)'' based on five gene regions"
Aduse-Poku, Vingerhoedt, Wahlberg. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2009) 53;463–478 and are considered as the ''jasius'' subgroup. The second lineage leads to 19 other species within the Jasius group, which are split in to three well-populated subgroups of closely related species. The ''jasius'' Group (26 Species): Clade 1: ''jasius'' subgroup (7 species) Clade 2: contains the well-populated three additional subgroups (19 species) of the jasius Group: called the ''brutus'', ''pollux'', and ''eudoxus'' subgroups. *the ''pollux'' subgroup (4 species): *'' Charaxes pollux'' *'' Charaxes phoebus'' *''Charaxes ansorgei'' *'' Charaxes dowsetti'' Further exploration of the phylogenetic relationships amongst existing ''Charaxes'' taxa is required to improve clarity.
Images of ''C. ansorgei ansorgei ''
Images of ''C. ansorgei jacksoni ''
Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of '' C. ansorgei kungwensis ''
Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of '' C. ansorgei levicki''
Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of '' C. ansorgei ruandan''
Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
''Charaxes ansorgei'' images
at ''Charaxes'' page
African Butterfly Database
Range map via search Butterflies described in 1897 ansorgei Butterflies of Africa Taxa named by Walter Rothschild {{Charaxinae-stub
Aduse-Poku, Vingerhoedt, Wahlberg. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2009) 53;463–478 and are considered as the ''jasius'' subgroup. The second lineage leads to 19 other species within the Jasius group, which are split in to three well-populated subgroups of closely related species. The ''jasius'' Group (26 Species): Clade 1: ''jasius'' subgroup (7 species) Clade 2: contains the well-populated three additional subgroups (19 species) of the jasius Group: called the ''brutus'', ''pollux'', and ''eudoxus'' subgroups. *the ''pollux'' subgroup (4 species): *'' Charaxes pollux'' *'' Charaxes phoebus'' *''Charaxes ansorgei'' *'' Charaxes dowsetti'' Further exploration of the phylogenetic relationships amongst existing ''Charaxes'' taxa is required to improve clarity.
See also
*Aberdare Range
The Aberdare Range (formerly the Sattima Range, Kikuyu: ''Nyandarua'') is a 160 km (100 mile) long mountain range of upland, north of Kenya's capital Nairobi with an average elevation of . It straddles across the counties of Nyandarua, Nye ...
, Kenya
*Albertine Rift
The Albertine Rift is the western branch of the East African Rift, covering parts of Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania.
It extends from the northern end of Lake Albert to the southern end of Lake Tan ...
*Mount Elgon
Mount Elgon is an extinct shield volcano on the border of Uganda and Kenya, north of Kisumu and west of Kitale. The mountain's highest point, named "Wagagai", is located entirely within Uganda.
References
External links
Images of ''C. ansorgei ansorgei ''
Royal Museum for Central Africa
The Royal Museum for Central Africa or RMCA ( nl, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika or KMMA; french: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale or MRAC; german: Königliches Museum für Zentralafrika or KMZA), also officially known as the AfricaMuse ...
(Albertine Rift Project)Images of ''C. ansorgei jacksoni ''
Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of '' C. ansorgei kungwensis ''
Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of '' C. ansorgei levicki''
Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
Images of '' C. ansorgei ruandan''
Royal Museum for Central Africa (Albertine Rift Project)
''Charaxes ansorgei'' images
at ''Charaxes'' page
Consortium for the Barcode of Life
The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...
subspecies and formsAfrican Butterfly Database
Range map via search Butterflies described in 1897 ansorgei Butterflies of Africa Taxa named by Walter Rothschild {{Charaxinae-stub