''Chao Phraya'' Nakhon Si Thammarat ( th, เจ้าพระยานครศรีธรรมราช; ), personal name Noi Na Nagara ( th, น้อย ณ นคร; ; 27 August 1776 – 14 May 1838), was the governor of
Nakhon Si Thammarat
Nakhon Si Thammarat Municipality ( th, เทศบาลนครนครศรีธรรมราช, ; from Pali ''Nagara Sri Dhammaraja'') is a municipality (''thesaban nakhon'') in Southern Thailand, capital of Nakhon Si Thammarat prov ...
or
Ligor
Nakhon Si Thammarat Municipality ( th, เทศบาลนครนครศรีธรรมราช, ; from Pali ''Nagara Sri Dhammaraja'') is a municipality (''thesaban nakhon'') in Southern Thailand, capital of Nakhon Si Thammarat prov ...
from 1811 to 1838 and a son of King
Taksin
King Taksin the Great ( th, สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช, , ) or the King of Thonburi ( th, สมเด็จพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี, ; ; Teochew dialect, Teochew: Dên ...
. He had important roles in the relations between
Siam
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 mi ...
and the
Sultanate of Kedah during the nineteenth century. His modern descendants bear the surname Na Nagara ( th, ณ นคร), Komarakul Na Nagara ( th, โกมารกุล ณ นคร) and Chaturangakula ( th, จาตุรงตกุล). ''Chao Phraya'' Nakhon Noi was known in Malay sources as Phya Buri Sakmuton and in contemporary British sources as the Raja of Ligor.
Biography
When King
Taksin
King Taksin the Great ( th, สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช, , ) or the King of Thonburi ( th, สมเด็จพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี, ; ; Teochew dialect, Teochew: Dên ...
led an expedition to subjugate Nakhon Si Thammarat in 1769, he took a daughter of
''Chao Phraya'' Nakhon Nu, the warlord of Nakhon Si Thammarat after the Fall of Ayutthaya, named Prang as ''Chao Chom'' or one of his minor consorts. The wife of
Uparaj Phat, who was the vice-governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat and Nakhon Nu's son-in-law, died in 1774. King Taksin expressed his will to give up his own Consort Prang to be Uparaj Phat's new wife. However, the court ladies told the king in 1776 that the menstruation of Consort Prang had ceased for two months and she might be pregnant with the king. King Taksin insisted that he himself should heed his own words and Uparaj Phat reluctantly accepted Consort Prang as his new ceremonial wife. Consort Prang bore a son at Nakhon Si Thammarat and Noi was born on 27 August 1776. Uparaj Phat became Noi's adoptive father. Uparaj Phat was appointed as
''Chaophraya'' Nakhon Phat the governor of
Nakhon Si Thammarat
Nakhon Si Thammarat Municipality ( th, เทศบาลนครนครศรีธรรมราช, ; from Pali ''Nagara Sri Dhammaraja'') is a municipality (''thesaban nakhon'') in Southern Thailand, capital of Nakhon Si Thammarat prov ...
or Ligor in 1784.
Nakhon Phat brought his adoptive son Noi to Bangkok to begin his career as a royal page of King
Rama I
Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok Maharaj (, 20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), personal name Thongduang (), also known as Rama I, was the founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom and the first monarch of the reigning Chakri dynasty of Siam (now Tha ...
. Noi was later made ''Phra'' Borrirak Phubet ( th, พระบริรักษ์ภูเบศร์) and was allowed to return to Ligor. He served his adoptive father during the
Burmese Invasion of Phuket in 1809. He led a fleet from
Trang to recapture
Phuket
Phuket (; th, ภูเก็ต, , ms, Bukit or ''Tongkah''; Hokkien:普吉; ) is one of the southern provinces (''changwat'') of Thailand. It consists of the island of Phuket, the country's largest island, and another 32 smaller islands of ...
from the Burmese, though the Burmese had already abandoned Phuket earlier. His adoptive father Nakhon Phat resigned from the governorship of Ligor in 1811 and Noi was appointed ''Phraya'' Nakhon Si Thammarat the new governor of Ligor, though his adoptive father still wield authorities.
Also in 1811,
Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II of Kedah
Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah (died 3 January 1845) was the 22nd Sultan of Kedah. His reign was from 1803 to 1821 and 1842 to 1845.
He was appointed as Heir Apparent (''Uparaja'') by t ...
had conflicts with his brother Tunku Bisnu. Tunku Bisnu was then made the governor of
Setul
Setul, officially the Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara ( ms, Kerajaan Setul Mambang Segara; Jawi: ; ; ) was a traditional Malay kingdom founded in the northern coast of the Malay Peninsula. The state was established in 1808 in wake of the par ...
and approached Nakhon Noi. His adoptive father Nakhon Phat died in 1814. The governorship of Ligor also served as the base for Siamese control over
Northern Malay States. In 1815, Sultan Muhammad I of Kelantan requested Nakhon Noi that
Kelantan
Kelantan (; Jawi: ; Kelantanese Malay: ''Klate'') is a state in Malaysia. The capital is Kota Bharu and royal seat is Kubang Kerian. The honorific name of the state is ''Darul Naim'' (Jawi: ; "The Blissful Abode").
Kelantan is located in the ...
be separated from
Terengganu
Terengganu (; Terengganu Malay: ''Tranung'', Jawi: ), formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu, is a sultanate and constitutive state of federal Malaysia. The state is also known by its Arabic honorific, ''Dāru l- Īmān'' ("Abode of Faith"). ...
and became direct vassal of Siam. King
Rama II
Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai ( th, พระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย, 24 February 1767 – 21 July 1824), personal name Chim ( th, ฉิม), also styled as Rama II, was the second monarch of Siam under the Chakri ...
granted Kelantan as a separate vassal state to the authority of Ligor.
In 1820, King
Bagyidaw
Bagyidaw ( my, ဘကြီးတော်, ; also known as Sagaing Min, ; 23 July 1784 – 15 October 1846) was the seventh king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma from 1819 until his abdication in 1837. Prince of Sagaing, as he was commonly known ...
of Burma planned a new invasion of Siam. Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah of Kedah, upon hearing the news of Burmese invasions, decided to secretly went into alliance with Burma. Tunku Mom, a brother of the sultan, informed Nakhon Noi about the sultan's secret alliance with Burma. King Rama II then summoned Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah to Bangkok but he did not go so he ordered the
Siamese invasion of Kedah
The Siamese invasion of Kedah was a military operation mounted by the Kingdom of Siam against the Sultanate of Kedah in November 1821, in the area of what is now northern Peninsula Malaysia.
Background
The Sultanate of Kedah had been a trib ...
. Nakhon Noi brought troops to capture
Alor Setar
Alor Setar ( Jawi: الور ستار, Kedahan: ''Loqstaq'') is the state capital of Kedah, Malaysia. It is the second-largest city in the state after Sungai Petani and one of the most-important cities on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia ...
in 1821. The sultan then fled to
Penang
Penang ( ms, Pulau Pinang, is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Malay ...
, which had been leased by Kedah to the British in 1786. Siam imposed a direct rule on Kedah. Nakhon Noi's son ''Phra'' Phakdi Borrirak was appointed as the governor of Kedah with the title of ''Phraya'' Aphaithibet.
The British at Penang was concerned with Siamese presence in Kedah as then the sultan was taking refuge in Penang.
Marquess of Hastings
Marquess of Hastings was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 6 December 1816 for Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Earl of Moira.
History
The Rawdon family descended from Francis Rawdon (d. 1668), of Rawdon, Yorkshire. H ...
, the
Governor-General of India
The Governor-General of India (1773–1950, from 1858 to 1947 the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom and after Indian independence in 1 ...
, sent
John Crawfurd
John Crawfurd (13 August 1783 – 11 May 1868) was a Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat, and author who served as the second and last Resident of Singapore.
Early life
He was born on Islay, in Argyll, Scotland, the son of S ...
to Bangkok in 1821. When Crawfurd reached Penang in December 1821, Nakhon Noi "the Raja of Ligor" sent a letter to Crawfurd declaring that he and Siam had no intentions of invading Penang. However, Crawfurd was still convinced about the potential Siamese threat. When Crawfurd arrived at Bangkok in April 1822, he presented the personal letter of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah to King Rama II blaming Nakhon Noi.
In October 1825,
Henry Burney
Henry Burney (27 February 1792 – 4 March 1845) or Hantri Barani ( th, หันตรีบารนี) in Thai, was a British commercial traveller and diplomat for the British East India Company. His parents were Richard Thomas Burney (1768 ...
arrived at Ligor. Nakhon Noi led Burney to Bangkok and became one of three Siamese delegates that participated in the conclusion of
Burney Treaty
The treaty between Kingdom of Siam and Great Britain commonly known as the Burney Treaty was signed at Bangkok on 20 June 1826 by Henry Burney, an agent of British East India Company, for Britain, and King Rama III for Siam. It followed an earl ...
in June 1826 that recognized Siamese suzerainty over Northern Malay States.
In 1831, Tunku Kudin a nephew of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah led forces to capture Alor Setar. ''Phraya'' Aphaithibet, Nakhon Noi's son, fled the city. Nakhon Noi ordered the forces to be levied from
Pattani to fight Tunku Kudin in Kedah. Tuan Sulung the governor of Pattani also rebelled and joined Kedah with supports from Kelantan and Terengganu. The event rose to become the rebellion of Northern Malay Sultanates. Nakhon Noi led forces to recapture Alor Setar. Tunku Kudin was killed and his severed head was sent to Bangkok. King
Rama III
Nangklao ( th, พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว, ; 31 March 1788 – 2 April 1851), birth name Thap ( th, ทับ), also styled Rama III, was the third king of Siam ...
sent
''Chao Phraya'' Phraklang to aid Nakhon Noi. Nakhon Noi restored his son ''Phraya'' Aphaithibet as the governor of Kedah. Nakhon Noi then joined Phraklang to take Pattani. Tuan Sulung the governor of Pattani fled to Kelantan. Nakhon Noi and Phraklang pursued Tuan Sulung to Kelantan. Sultan
Muhammad
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, di ...
of Kelantan surrendered and voluntarily gave Tuan Sulung to the Siamese.
In 1837, Princess Mother
Sri Sulalai
Sri Sulalai ( th, ศรีสุลาลัย; ; 1770–1837), née Riam ( th, เรียม), was the wife of Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai, Rama II of Siam and was the mother of Nangklao, Rama III.
She was of Persian descent and her fami ...
, mother of King Rama III, passed away. While Nakhon Noi and most of the officials in Southern Siam were away in Bangkok to attend the funeral, another Kedah Rebellion occurred in February 1838. Two of the Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin's nephews, Tunku Muhammad Sa'ad and Tunku Muhammad Akib, had the
Andaman Andaman may refer to:
* Andaman Islands
* Andaman Sea
* ''Andaman'' (1998 film), a Kannada-language film
* ''Andaman'' (2016 film), a Tamil-language film
* ''Andaman'' (2021 film), a Hindi-language film
See also
* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
...
pirates led by Wan Mali attack and capture Alor Setar again. ''Phraya'' Aphaithibet the Kedah governor fled to
Phatthalung
Phatthalung (, ) is a town (''thesaban mueang'') in southern Thailand, capital of Phatthalung Province.
The town covers ''tambon
''Tambon'' ( th, ตำบล, ) is a local governmental unit in Thailand. Below district ('' amphoe'') and prov ...
. Nakhon Noi who had been ill hurriedly returned to Ligor. King Rama III sent ''Phraya'' Sripipat (Phraklang's younger brother) to aid Nakhon Noi. His son ''Phraya'' Aphaithibet retook Alor Setar. Nakhon Noi then passed away on 14 May 1838 at Nakhon Si Thammarat.
After the demise of Nakhon Noi, ''Phraya'' Sripipat installed Tunku Anum as a new ruler of Kedah. Nakhon Noi's son Noiklang succeeded his father as the new governor of Ligor. ''Phraya'' Aphaithibet, the former governor of Kedah, was made governor of
Phangnga instead.
Family and Issues
Chaophraya Nakhon Noi had many wives, in accordance to social customs of the era. His main wife was Lady In, a daughter of ''Phraya'' Pinat-akkhi from Bangchang family. Nakhon Noi had total of thirty-four children. His notable children include;
*Noiyai (died 1905), born to Lady In, became ''Chao Chom Manda'' or minor consort to King Rama III. She bore a prince, Prince Chalermwongse, in 1825.
*Noilek, born to Lady In, became ''Chao Chom'' or minor consort to King Rama III.
*Noiyai (died 1860), born to Lady In, governor of
Phatthalung
Phatthalung (, ) is a town (''thesaban mueang'') in southern Thailand, capital of Phatthalung Province.
The town covers ''tambon
''Tambon'' ( th, ตำบล, ) is a local governmental unit in Thailand. Below district ('' amphoe'') and prov ...
from 1826 until 1838 when he was called to Bangkok. He was later made ''Chao Phraya'' Maha Siritham the governor of
Ayutthaya Ayutthaya, Ayudhya, or Ayuthia may refer to:
* Ayutthaya Kingdom, a Thai kingdom that existed from 1350 to 1767
** Ayutthaya Historical Park, the ruins of the old capital city of the Ayutthaya Kingdom
* Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province (locally ...
in 1851. His descendants bear the surname Komarakul Na Nagara. Noiyai was a grandfather of
Chaophraya Phollathep (Chalerm Komarakul na Nakhon), the
Minister of Agriculture
An agriculture ministry (also called an) agriculture department, agriculture board, agriculture council, or agriculture agency, or ministry of rural development) is a ministry charged with agriculture. The ministry is often headed by a minister f ...
from 1920 to 1930.
*Noiklang (died 1867), born to Lady In, succeeded his father as Chaophraya Nakhon Si Thammarat the governor of Ligor. His descendants bear the surname Na Nagara. His son Nuphrom succeeded him as the governor of Ligor upon his death in 1867. Nuphrom was the father of
Chaophraya Bodindechanuchit (Yaem na Nakhon).
*Saeng, born to Lady Chuai, became ''Phraya'' Aphaithibet the governor of
Kedah
Kedah (), also known by its honorific Darul Aman (Islam), Aman and historically as Queda, is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area ...
from 1821 to 1838. Later became the governor of
Phangnga from 1840 until his death in 1871.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nakhon Noi, Chao Phraya
Chaophraya
1776 births
1838 deaths