Chalcone is the

organic compound In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon- hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. Th ...

C₆H₅C(O)CH=CHC₆H₅. It is an α,β-unsaturated ketone. A variety of important biological compounds are known collectively as chalcones or

chalconoid Chalconoids Greek: χαλκός ''khalkós'', "copper", due to its color), also known as ''chalcones'', are natural phenols related to chalcone. They form the central core for a variety of important biological compounds. They show antibacterial, ...

Chemical properties

Chalcones have two absorption maxima at 280 nm and 340 nm.

Synthesis

Chalcone is usually prepared by an

aldol condensation An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which two carbonyl moieties (of aldehydes or ketones) react to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), and this is then followed by dehydration ...

between benzaldehyde and

acetophenone Acetophenone is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(O)CH3. It is the simplest aromatic ketone. This colorless, viscous liquid is a precursor to useful resins and fragrances. Production Acetophenone is formed as a byproduct of the cumene ...

. : This reaction, which can be carried out without any solvent, is so reliable that it is used in as an example of

green chemistry Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering focused on the design of products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. While environmental ch ...

in undergraduate education.

Biosynthesis

Chalcones and chalconoids are synthesized in plants as

secondary metabolite Secondary metabolites, also called specialised metabolites, toxins, secondary products, or natural products, are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria, fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved in the no ...

s. The enzyme chalcone synthase, a type III

polyketide synthase Polyketides are a class of natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone (or reduced forms of a ketone) and methylene groups: (-CO-CH2-). First studied in the early 20th century, discovery, biosynth ...

, is responsible for the biosynthesis of these compounds. The enzyme is found in all "higher" ( vascular) and several "lower" ( non-vascular) plants.

Potential pharmacology

Chalcones and their derivatives demonstrate a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammation. Some 2′-amino chalcones have been studied as potential antitumor agents. Chalcones are of interest in medicinal chemistry and have been described as a privileged scaffold.

References

External links