Chairperson Of The National Assembly Of Vietnam
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The Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam ( vi, Chủ tịch Quốc hội Việt Nam), known as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly of Vietnam ( vi, Chủ tịch Ủy ban Thường vụ Quốc hội Việt Nam) from 1946 to 1981, is the
legislative speaker The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a Legislature, legislative body, is its chairperson, presiding officer, or the chair. The title was first used in 1377 in England. Usage The title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the r ...
of Vietnam, presiding over the National Assembly. The National Assembly is, in the words of the constitution, "the highest representative organ of the people; the highest organ of state power". The chairman is elected by the deputies (members) of the National Assembly in the first season of the assembly's tenure. The Standing Committee, over which the chairman presides, is a permanent body which controls the activities of the National Assembly when it is not in session. The chairman and the other members of the Standing Committee have to resign from their posts when the National Assembly dissolves itself, which it normally does every fifth year. The chairman presides over the sessions of the National Assembly and authenticates laws and resolutions passed by the National Assembly by signing them. The chairman leads the activities of the Standing Committee and organises its external relations with other state bodies and is responsible for maintaining cordial relations between the members of the Standing Committee. The deputies of the National Assembly have the right to question the chairman. The powers and prestige of the office of chairman has varied throughout the years. For instance, the two first officeholders
Nguyễn Văn Tố Nguyễn Văn Tố (5 June 1889 in Hà Đông, French Indochina – 7 October 1947 in Bắc Kạn, Vietnam) pen name Ứng Hoè, was a Vietnamese literary scholar. He taught at the French Viễn Đông Bác Cổ in Hanoi and promoted literacy in ...
and
Bùi Bằng Đoàn Bùi Bằng Đoàn (Chữ Hán: 裴鵬摶, September 19, 1889 – April 13, 1955) was a Vietnamese politician. He led the League for the National Union of Vietnam (Hội Liên hiệp quốc dân Việt Nam/Liên Việt) 1946–1951 and was Chai ...
were not members of the Communist Party, while Trường Chinh, the fourth chairman, was ranked second in the
Politburo A politburo () or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states. Names The term "politburo" in English comes from the Russian ''Politbyuro'' (), itself a contraction ...
hierarchy. Still, of the ten people who have chaired the National Assembly, five of them have been members of the Politburo. The current chairman is
Vương Đình Huệ Vương Đình Huệ (born 15 March 1957) is a Vietnamese politician and Professor in Economics. He is currently the Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam, and Secretary of the Hanoi Party Committee. He was previously Minister of Finance a ...
, and he is ranked third in the Politburo hierarchy.


History

The first chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly was the scholar Nguyễn Văn Tố; he was not a member of the Communist Party. On 3 March 1946, under the chairmanship of Nguyễn Văn Tố, the National Assembly formed the first government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Nguyễn Văn Tố was succeeded in office on 9 November 1946 by
Bùi Bằng Đoàn Bùi Bằng Đoàn (Chữ Hán: 裴鵬摶, September 19, 1889 – April 13, 1955) was a Vietnamese politician. He led the League for the National Union of Vietnam (Hội Liên hiệp quốc dân Việt Nam/Liên Việt) 1946–1951 and was Chai ...
, a poet and another non-Communist Party member. While he was never a member of the Communist Party, he was a committed revolutionary. Tôn Đức Thắng succeeded Bùi Bằng Đoàn as chairman in 1955, and was the first chairman to be a member of the Communist Party. Trường Chinh became the fourth and longest-serving chairman of the National Assembly in Vietnamese history, holding the post from 1960 to 1981, when he became chairman of the State Council, a newly established post.
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (10 July 1910 – 24 December 1996) was a Vietnamese revolutionary and Chairman of Consultative Council of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam from 6 June 1969 to 2 July 1976, and the Chairman of the National Asse ...
, a Southerner, succeeded Trường in 1981, as chairman, but he was not a member of the
Politburo A politburo () or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states. Names The term "politburo" in English comes from the Russian ''Politbyuro'' (), itself a contraction ...
. Nguyễn Hữu Thọ stepped down as chairman in 1987, and was succeeded by
Lê Quang Đạo Lê Quang Đạo (8 August 1921 – 24 July 1999) was a Vietnamese politician who was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1960 to 1991. Having served 28 years in the military, he was promoted to the rank of Maj ...
, another non-Politburo member. As with Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, Lê Quang Đạo's tenure lasted one term.
Nông Đức Mạnh Nông Đức Mạnh (; born 11 September 1940) is a Vietnamese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the most powerful position in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, from 22 April 2001 to 19 January 2011. ...
was elected chairman in 1992, and held office until 2001 Nông was the first chairman who came from a minority background, the Tày, and was the first chairman since Trường who was a Politburo member. Nông stepped down in 2001, and was succeeded by
Nguyễn Văn An Nguyễn Văn An (born 1 October 1937) is a Vietnamese politician who served as Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam The National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Quốc hội nước Cộng hoà xã hội chủ ng ...
, who served as chairman from 2001 until 2006. On 26 June 2006 Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected chairman with a majority of 84.58% of the National Assembly deputies in favour. Nguyễn Phú Trọng stepped down in 2011 because of his election to the post of
General Secretary Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...
of the
Central Committee Central committee is the common designation of a standing administrative body of Communist party, communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states. In such party org ...
of the
Communist Party of Vietnam The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), also known as the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP), is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of North ...
, and was succeeded by Nguyễn Sinh Hùng. Nguyễn Sinh Hùng stepped down on 31 March 2016, and was replaced by
Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân (born 12 April 1954, in Bến Tre Province) is a Vietnamese economist and politician. She is the first woman in Vietnamese history to head the country's legislature, serving as the eleventh Chair of the National Assemb ...
. She's the first woman to hold the office. Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân stepped down on 31 March 2021, and was replaced by
Vương Đình Huệ Vương Đình Huệ (born 15 March 1957) is a Vietnamese politician and Professor in Economics. He is currently the Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam, and Secretary of the Hanoi Party Committee. He was previously Minister of Finance a ...
.


List


Notes

:1. The Politburo of the Central Committee is the highest decision-making body of the CPV and the Central Government. The membership composition, and the order of rank of the individual Politburo members is decided in an election within the newly formed Central Committee in the aftermath of a Party Congress. The Central Committee can overrule the Politburo, but that does not happen often. :2. These numbers are not official. :3. The Central Committee when it convenes for its first session after being elected by a National Party Congress elects the Politburo. According to David Koh, in interviews with several high-standing Vietnamese officials, the Politburo ranking is based upon the number of approval votes by the Central Committee. Lê Hồng Anh, the Minister of Public Security, was ranked 2nd in the 10th Politburo because he received the second-highest number of approval votes. Another example being
Tô Huy Rứa Tô Huy Rứa (born 4 June 1947 in Thanh Hóa Province) is a Vietnamese politician and served as previous Chairman of the CPV Commission for Organisation. During the 10th Politburo, Tô held the posts of Chairman of the Propaganda Department of ...
of the 10th Politburo, he was ranked lowest because he received the lowest approval vote of the 10th Central Committee when he stood for election for a seat in the Politburo. This system was implemented at the 1st plenum of the 10th Central Committee. The Politburo ranking functioned as an official order of precedence before the 10th Party Congress, and some believe it still does. :4. Ton Duc Thang took over the vacant position of Bui Bang Doan as he was severely ill at that time, however Bui Bang Doan still held the title of Head of National Assembly until he died in 1955, hence Ton Duc Thang was acting Head of National Assembly during that period


References

General
The number of chairmen of the National Assembly, their names, and when they took and left office, was taken from this source: * Specific


Bibliography

* * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Chairmen Of The Standing Committee Of The National Assembly Of Vietnam Politics of Vietnam Vietnam, National Assembly * 1946 establishments in Vietnam