The Central Loloish languages, also known as Central Ngwi, is a branch of
Loloish languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi in China and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relat ...
in Bradley (1997). It is not used in Lama's (2012) classification. Central Loloish is also not supported in Satterthwaite-Phillips' (2011) computational phylogenetic analysis of the Lolo-Burmese languages.
[Satterthwaite-Phillips, Damian. 2011. ''Phylogenetic inference of the Tibeto-Burman languages or On the usefulness of lexicostatistics (and "Megalo"-comparison) for the subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman''. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University.]
Languages
Lama (2012) considers Central Loloish to be
paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...
, and splits up Bradley's (1997) Central Loloish into the following independent branches of Loloish. The
Lawu
The Lawu ( jv, ꦭꦮꦸ), or Mount Lawu ( jv, ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁꦭꦮꦸ, Gunung Lawu) is a massive compound stratovolcano straddling the border between East Java and Central Java, Indonesia. The north side is deeply eroded and the eastern ...
language group has been added from Yang (2012)
and Hsiu (2017).
*
Lisoish languages
The Lisoish languages are a branch of the Loloish languages proposed by Ziwo Lama (2012) that includes Lisu and several of the Yi languages. David Bradley (1997) considers Lisoish languages to be part of the Central Loloish branch.
Languages and ...
:
Lisu Lisu may refer to:
*Lisu people, an ethnic group of Southeast Asia
*Lisu language, spoken by the Lisu people
* Old Lisu Alphabet or Fraser Alphabet
*Lisu syllabary
* Lisu (Unicode block), the block of Unicode characters for the Lisu language.
*Lisu ...
,
Lolopo,
Lipo
A lithium polymer battery, or more correctly lithium-ion polymer battery (abbreviated as LiPo, LIP, Li-poly, lithium-poly and others), is a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology using a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyt ...
,
Lalo,
Taloid languages
Taloid is a cluster of languages in the Lisoish branch of Lolo–Burmese.
Languages
Yang, et al. (2017)Yang, Cathryn; Kwok Wailing 范秀琳 Zhou Decai 周德才; Yang Wenjing 杨文静. 2017. ''The Taloid Cluster of Northwestern Yunnan: Loyal S ...
, etc.
*Nusoish languages:
Nusu,
Zauzou (Rouruo)
*Lahoish languages:
Lahu,
Kucong
*
Lawoish languages
The Lawu languages or Lawoish languages are a proposed branch of Loloish languages.Hsiu, Andrew. 2017. The Lawu languages: footprints along the Red River valley corridor'. Internal classification within Loloish is uncertain. It may form a branch o ...
:
Lawu
The Lawu ( jv, ꦭꦮꦸ), or Mount Lawu ( jv, ꦒꦸꦤꦸꦁꦭꦮꦸ, Gunung Lawu) is a massive compound stratovolcano straddling the border between East Java and Central Java, Indonesia. The north side is deeply eroded and the eastern ...
,
Awu,
Lewu[Hsiu, Andrew. 2017. ]
The Lawu languages: footprints along the Red River valley corridor
'.[Yang, Cathryn. 2012]
Phonology sketch and classification of Lawu, an undocumented Ngwi language of Yunnan
In ''Linguistic Discovery'', Volume 10, Issue 2, Year 2012. Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College.
*
Jinuo
Lisoish is the largest and most diverse group.
Jinuo is classified as a
Hanoish (Southern Loloish) language in Lama (2012).
Innovations
Pelkey (2011:367) lists the following as Central Ngwi innovations.
*Proto-Ngwi tone categories 1 and 2: tone splitting that is widespread
*Proto-Ngwi tone category 2 splits to *glottal-prefixed initials (higher-pitched reflexes) and *non-glottal-prefixed initials (lower-pitched reflexes; with a subsequent flip-flop in Lahu)
*Proto-Ngwi tone category L prefixed stop initials > high/rising pitch reflexes
*Family group classifiers paradigmatized with disyllabic forms, vowel leveling, and other systemic changes
*Burmic extentive paradigm is moderately grammaticalized; more than Southern Ngwi, but fewer than Northern Ngwi
*Lexical innovations for 'dog' and 'fire'
References
*Bradley, David (1997).
Tibeto-Burman languages and classification. In ''Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayas, Papers in South East Asian linguistics''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
*Lama, Ziwo Qiu-Fuyuan (2012).
Subgrouping of Nisoic (Yi) Languages'. Ph.D. thesis, University of Texas at Arlington.
*Pelkey, Jamin. 2011. ''Dialectology as Dialectic: Interpreting Phula Variation''. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
{{Lolo-Burmese languages