Lycoxanthin γ,γ-Caroten-16-ol
**
Rhodopin 1,2-Dihydro-γ,γ-caroten-l-ol
**
Rhodopinol a.k.a.
Warmingol 13-''cis''-1,2-Dihydro-γ,γ-carotene-1,20-diol
**
Saproxanthin 3',4'-Didehydro-1',2'-dihydro-β,γ-carotene-3,1'-diol
**
Zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthin is one of the most common carotenoids in nature, and is used in the xanthophyll cycle. Synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms, it is the pigment that gives paprika (made from bell peppers), corn, saffron, goji ( wolfberries), ...
* Glycosides
**
Oscillaxanthin 2,2'-Bis(β-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-3,4,3',4'-tetradehydro-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-γ,γ-carotene-1,1'-diol
**
Phleixanthophyll 1'-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-3',4'-didehydro-1',2'-dihydro-β,γ-caroten-2'-ol
* Ethers
**
Rhodovibrin 1'-Methoxy-3',4'-didehydro-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-γ,γ-caroten-1-ol
**
Spheroidene 1-Methoxy-3,4-didehydro-1,2,7',8'-tetrahydro-γ,γ-carotene
* Epoxides
**
Diadinoxanthin
Diadinoxanthin is a pigment found in phytoplankton. It has the formula C40H54O3. It gives rise to the xanthophylls diatoxanthin and dinoxanthin.
Diadinoxanthin is a plastid pigment. Plastid pigments include chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin, hete ...
5,6-Epoxy-7',8'-didehydro-5,6-dihydro—carotene-3,3-diol
**
Luteoxanthin 5,6: 5',8'-Diepoxy-5,6,5',8'-tetrahydro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol
**
Mutatoxanthin
**
Citroxanthin
**
Zeaxanthin furanoxide
Zeaxanthin is one of the most common carotenoids in nature, and is used in the xanthophyll cycle. Synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms, it is the pigment that gives paprika (made from bell peppers), corn, saffron, goji ( wolfberries ...
5,8-Epoxy-5,8-dihydro-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol
**
Neochrome
NEOchrome is an early color bitmap graphics editor for the Atari ST. It was written by Dave Staugas, a programmer at Atari Corporation and co-author of the ST's operating system. ''NEOchrome'' supports hardware-supported color cycling to give the i ...
5',8'-Epoxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6,5',8'-tetrahydro-β,β-carotene-3,5,3'-triol
**
Foliachrome
**
Trollichrome
**
Vaucheriaxanthin 5',6'-Epoxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-β,β-carotene-3,5,19,3'-tetrol
* Aldehydes
**
Rhodopinal
**
Warmingone 13-cis-1-Hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-γ,γ-caroten-20-al
**
Torularhodinaldehyde 3',4'-Didehydro-β,γ-caroten-16'-al
* Acids and acid esters
**
Torularhodin 3',4'-Didehydro-β,γ-caroten-16'-oic acid
**
Torularhodin methyl ester Methyl 3',4'-didehydro-β,γ-caroten-16'-oate
* Ketones
**
Astacene
**
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin is a keto- carotenoid within a group of chemical compounds known as terpenes. Astaxanthin is a metabolite of zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin, containing both hydroxyl and ketone functional groups. It is a lipid-soluble pigment with r ...
**
Canthaxanthin
Canthaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. Carotenoids belong to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenoids. The chemical formula of canthaxanthin is C40H52O2. It was first isolated in edible mushrooms. It ...
a.k.a. Aphanicin, Chlorellaxanthin β,β-Carotene-4,4'-dione
**
Capsanthin (3R,3'S,5'R)-3,3'-Dihydroxy-β,κ-caroten-6'-one
**
Capsorubin
Capsorubin is a natural red dye of the xanthophyll class. As a food coloring, it has the E number E160c(ii). Capsorubin is a carotenoid found in red bell pepper (''Capsicum annuum'') and a component of paprika oleoresin
Paprika oleoresin (also ...
(3S,5R,3'S,5'R)-3,3'-Dihydroxy-κ,κ-carotene-6,6'-dione
**
Cryptocapsin (3'R,5'R)-3'-Hydroxy-β,κ-caroten-6'-one
**
2,2'-Diketospirilloxanthin 1,1'-Dimethoxy-3,4,3',4'-tetradehydro-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-γ,γ-carotene-2,2'-dione
**
Echinenone
Echinenone is a xanthophyll, with formula C40H54O. It is found in some cyanobacteria. It is synthesized from β-carotene by the enzyme beta-carotene ketolase (or CrtW). It has also been isolated from sea urchins
Sea urchins () are spiny, g ...
β,β-Caroten-4-one
**
3'-Hydroxyechinenone
**
Flexixanthin 3,1'-Dihydroxy-3',4'-didehydro-1',2'-dihydro-β,γ-caroten-4-one
** 3-OH-Canthaxanthin a.k.a. Adonirubin a.k.a.
Phoenicoxanthin 3-Hydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione
**
Hydroxyspheriodenone 1'-Hydroxy-1-methoxy-3,4-didehydro-1,2,1',2',7',8'-hexahydro-γ,γ-caroten-2-one
**
Okenone 1'-Methoxy-1',2'-dihydro-c,γ-caroten-4'-one
**
Pectenolone 3,3'-Dihydroxy-7',8'-didehydro-β,β-caroten-4-one
**
Phoeniconone a.k.a.
Dehydroadonirubin 3-Hydroxy-2,3-didehydro-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione
**
Phoenicopterone β,ε-caroten-4-one
**
Rubixanthone 3-Hydroxy-β,γ-caroten-4'-one
**
Siphonaxanthin 3,19,3'-Trihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β,ε-caroten-8-one
* Esters of alcohols
**
Astacein 3,3'-Bispalmitoyloxy-2,3,2',3'-tetradehydro-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione or 3,3'-dihydroxy-2,3,2',3'-tetradehydro-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione dipalmitate
**
Fucoxanthin
Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll, with formula C42H58O6. It is found as an accessory pigment in the chloroplasts of brown algae and most other heterokonts, giving them a brown or olive-green color. Fucoxanthin absorbs light primarily in the blue-green ...
3'-Acetoxy-5,6-epoxy-3,5'-dihydroxy-6',7'-didehydro-5,6,7,8,5',6'-hexahydro-β,β-caroten-8-one
**
Isofucoxanthin 3'-Acetoxy-3,5,5'-trihydroxy-6',7'-didehydro-5,8,5',6'-tetrahydro-β,β-caroten-8-one
**
Physalien
**
Siphonein 3,3'-Dihydroxy-19-lauroyloxy-7,8-dihydro-β,ε-caroten-8-one or 3,19,3'-trihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β,ε-caroten-8-one 19-laurate
*
Apocarotenoids
**
β-Apo-2'-carotenal 3',4'-Didehydro-2'-apo-b-caroten-2'-al
**
Apo-2-lycopenal
**
Apo-6'-lycopenal 6'-Apo-y-caroten-6'-al
**
Azafrinaldehyde 5,6-Dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-10'-apo-β-caroten-10'-al
**
Bixin 6'-Methyl hydrogen 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioate
**
Citranaxanthin
Citranaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment used as a food additive under the E number E161i as a food coloring. There are natural sources of citranaxanthin, but it is generally prepared synthetically. It is used as an animal feed additive to impar ...
5',6'-Dihydro-5'-apo-β-caroten-6'-one or 5',6'-dihydro-5'-apo-18'-nor-β-caroten-6'-one or 6'-methyl-6'-apo-β-caroten-6'-one
**
Crocetin
Crocetin is a natural apocarotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the crocus flower together with its glycoside, crocin, and '' Gardenia jasminoides'' fruits. It forms brick red crystals with a melting point of 285°C.
The chemical struct ...
8,8'-Diapo-8,8'-carotenedioic acid
**
Crocetinsemialdehyde 8'-Oxo-8,8'-diapo-8-carotenoic acid
**
Crocin
Crocin is a carotenoid chemical compound that is found in the flowers of crocus and gardenia. Crocin is the chemical primarily responsible for the color of saffron.
Chemically, crocin is the diester formed from the disaccharide gentiobiose and ...
Digentiobiosyl 8,8'-diapo-8,8'-carotenedioate
**
Hopkinsiaxanthin 3-Hydroxy-7,8-didehydro-7',8'-dihydro-7'-apo-b-carotene-4,8'-dione or 3-hydroxy-8'-methyl-7,8-didehydro-8'-apo-b-carotene-4,8'-dione
**
Methyl apo-6'-lycopenoate Methyl 6'-apo-y-caroten-6'-oate
**
Paracentrone 3,5-Dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6,7',8'-tetrahydro-7'-apo-b-caroten-8'-one or 3,5-dihydroxy-8'-methyl-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-8'-apo-b-caroten-8'-one
**
Sintaxanthin 7',8'-Dihydro-7'-apo-b-caroten-8'-one or 8'-methyl-8'-apo-b-caroten-8'-one
* Nor- and seco-carotenoids
**
Actinioerythrin 3,3'-Bisacyloxy-2,2'-dinor-b,b-carotene-4,4'-dione
**
β-Carotenone 5,6:5',6'-Diseco-b,b-carotene-5,6,5',6'-tetrone
**
Peridinin 3'-Acetoxy-5,6-epoxy-3,5'-dihydroxy-6',7'-didehydro-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-12',13',20'-trinor-b,b-caroten-19,11-olide
**
Pyrrhoxanthininol 5,6-epoxy-3,3'-dihydroxy-7',8'-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12',13',20'-trinor-b,b-caroten-19,11-olide
**
Semi-α-carotenone 5,6-Seco-b,e-carotene-5,6-dione
**
Semi-β-carotenone 5,6-seco-b,b-carotene-5,6-dione or 5',6'-seco-b,b-carotene-5',6'-dione
**
Triphasiaxanthin 3-Hydroxysemi-b-carotenone 3'-Hydroxy-5,6-seco-b,b-carotene-5,6-dione or 3-hydroxy-5',6'-seco-b,b-carotene-5',6'-dione
* Retro-carotenoids and retro-apo-carotenoids
**
Eschscholtzxanthin 4',5'-Didehydro-4,5'-retro-b,b-carotene-3,3'-diol
**
Eschscholtzxanthone 3'-Hydroxy-4',5'-didehydro-4,5'-retro-b,b-caroten-3-one
**
Rhodoxanthin
Rhodoxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment with a purple color that is found in small quantities in a variety of plants including ''Taxus baccata'' and '' Lonicera morrowii''. It is also found in the feathers of some birds. As a food additive it is ...
4',5'-Didehydro-4,5'-retro-b,b-carotene-3,3'-dione
**
Tangeraxanthin 3-Hydroxy-5'-methyl-4,5'-retro-5'-apo-b-caroten-5'-one or 3-hydroxy-4,5'-retro-5'-apo-b-caroten-5'-one
* Higher carotenoids
**
Nonaprenoxanthin 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl)-7',8',11',12'-tetrahydro-e,y-carotene
**
Decaprenoxanthin 2,2'-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl)-e,e-carotene
**
C.p. 450 2-
-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-butenyl2'-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-b,b-carotene
**
C.p. 473
CP, cp. or its variants may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
* Cariyapitaka (Cp), a canonical Buddhist story collection
* The Canadian Press, a Canadian news agency
* Child pornography
* ''The Christian Post'', an American newspaper
* C ...
2'-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-3',4'-didehydro-l',2'-dihydro-β,γ-caroten-1'-ol
**
Bacterioruberin 2,2'-Bis(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-3,4,3',4'-tetradehydro-1,2,1',2'-tetrahydro-γ,γ-carotene-1,1'-diol
See also
*
List of phytochemicals in food
*
CRT (genetics),
gene cluster responsible for the
biosynthesis
Biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules. ...
of carotenoids
*
E number#E100–E199 (colours)
*
Phytochemistry
Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants. Phytochemists strive to describe the structures of the large number of secondary metabolites found in plants, the functions of these compounds in human and ...
References
External links
Carotenoid TerpenoidsCarotenoid gene in aphidsInternational Carotenoid Society*
{{Authority control
Bioindicators
Photosynthesis