Carmagnola (; pms, Carmagnòla ) is a ''

comune The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...

'' (municipality) in the

Metropolitan City of Turin The Metropolitan City of Turin ( it, Città metropolitana di Torino, Piedmontese: ''Sità metropolitan-a 'd Turin'') is a metropolitan city in the Piedmont region, Italy. Its capital is the city of Turin. It replaced the Province of Turin and co ...

in the Italian region

Piedmont it, Piemontese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

, located south of

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

. The town is on the right side of the

Po river The Po ( , ; la, Padus or ; Ligurian language (ancient), Ancient Ligurian: or ) is the longest river in Italy. It flows eastward across northern Italy starting from the Cottian Alps. The river's length is either or , if the Maira (river), Mair ...

. The nature of the soil determined over time how the river's sand accumulated. Carmagnola borders the following municipalities:

Poirino Poirino is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southeast of Turin. Poirino borders the following municipalities: Chieri, Riva presso Chieri, Villanova d'Asti, Santena, Villa ...

Villastellone Villastellone is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 15 km south of Turin. Villastellone borders the following municipalities: Moncalieri, Cambiano, Santena, Poirino, ...

Carignano Carignano may refer to: Places * Carignano, Piedmont, a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Italy * Palazzo Carignano, a historical building in the centre of Turin, Italy * Teatro Carignano, a theatre in Turin, Italy People * Hou ...

, Lombriasco,

Ceresole Alba Ceresole Alba is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Piedmont region of Italy, located about southeast of Turin and about northeast of Cuneo. Ceresole Alba borders the following municipalities: Baldissero d'Alba, Carmagno ...

Racconigi Racconigi ( pms, Racunis) is a town and ''comune'' in Piedmont, Italy. It is located in the province of Cuneo, south of Turin, and north of Cuneo by rail. History The town was founded in medieval times. It was a possession of the marquisses of ...

Sommariva del Bosco Sommariva del Bosco is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about south of Turin and about northeast of Cuneo. As of 1 January 2017, it had a population of 6 304 and an area of .All demograp ...

, Caramagna Piemonte.

History

The municipality is mentioned for the first time during the 11th century. The land, originally owned by the Arduinic dynasty, passed to the

Marquisate of Saluzzo The Marquisate of Saluzzo () was a historical Italian state that included parts of the current region of Piedmont and of the French Alps. The Marquisate was much older than the Renaissance lordships, being a legacy of the feudalism of the High ...

, who had a castle built here. The Saluzzo dynasty soon underwent a rapid decadence ending with a French domination period which lasted 40 years. In 1588 Carmagnola became a possession of the

House of Savoy The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...

, when

Charles Emmanuel I Charles Emmanuel I ( it, Carlo Emanuele di Savoia; 12 January 1562 – 26 July 1630), known as the Great, was the Duke of Savoy from 1580 to 1630. He was nicknamed (, in context "the Hot-Headed") for his rashness and military aggression. Being ...

besieged and conquered it. France took possession of Carmagnola a second time during the 17th century, during the civil war between ''Madamisti'' and ''Principisti'' (supporters of the French and the Savoy dynasty respectively). In this period (1637–1642), the three main subdivisions were razed to the ground as they were conflicting with the defence structures, and immediately re-built around 1.5 km from their original position, where they still are at the present time. Carmagnola Cavallotto 1475 75001304

In 1690 the town was once again occupied by the French general Catinat, but just one year later

Victor Amadeus II of Savoy Victor Amadeus II (Vittorio Amedeo Francesco; 14 May 166631 October 1732) was Duke of Savoy from 1675 to 1730. He also held the titles of Prince of Piedmont, Duke of Montferrat, Marquis of Saluzzo and Count of Aosta, Moriana and Nice. Louis XIV ...

brought it back among

Piedmontese Piedmontese (; autonym: or , in it, piemontese) is a language spoken by some 2,000,000 people mostly in Piedmont, northwestern region of Italy. Although considered by most linguists a separate language, in Italy it is often mistakenly regard ...

possessions. While its defence buildings were being demolished and its strategic role was progressively decreasing in importance, the town could finally develop agriculture and commerce, mainly of

hemp Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a botanical class of ''Cannabis sativa'' cultivars grown specifically for industrial or medicinal use. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Along with bamboo, hemp is among the fastest growing plants o ...

and

rope A rope is a group of yarns, plies, fibres, or strands that are twisted or braided together into a larger and stronger form. Ropes have tensile strength and so can be used for dragging and lifting. Rope is thicker and stronger than similarly ...

s, which were exported in great quantity to

Liguria Liguria (; lij, Ligûria ; french: Ligurie) is a Regions of Italy, region of north-western Italy; its Capital city, capital is Genoa. Its territory is crossed by the Alps and the Apennine Mountains, Apennines Mountain chain, mountain range and is ...

and southern France. The characteristic of both agricultural and commercial site remained important until after

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, which caused a massive immigration and a rapid urbanistic expansion. The name of '' La Carmagnole'', the title of a French song and dance made popular during the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

, is considered to be indirectly derived from the Italian town - i.e., the costume of the

ese peasants living near Carmagnola was named for the town; and when some of these peasants came to Paris, their dress influenced the short jacket worn by working-class militant ''

sans-culottes The (, 'without breeches') were the common people of the lower classes in late 18th-century France, a great many of whom became radical and militant partisans of the French Revolution in response to their poor quality of life under the . The ...

'', who sang the song.

Main sights

Carmagnola Miele Chiesa di San Filippo facciata

Carmagnola Miele chiesa Collegiata dei SS Pietro e Paolo

* Abbey of Casanova. It was founded by the

Cistercians The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint ...

in the 12th century, although it was mostly rebuilt in a late

Baroque style The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

in the 18th century *Lomellini Palace, Contemporary Art Museum (15th century) *Castle, currently used as town hall (13th century) *Collegiate church of Sts. Peter and Paul (1492–1514) *Cascina Vigna, Civic Museum of Natural History *Sant'Agostino church (1406–1437) *San Rocco church (1699–1745) *San Filippo church (1715–1739) *Church of Saint Mary of the Snow (''Santa Maria della Neve''), Salsasio (17th century) *Synagogue (18th century) *Cavassa House (15th century) *House of the Sundials (''Casa delle Meridiane'') or Piano House (16th century) *San Lorenzo Hospital (1754–1856)

Economy

The economy of the town is currently linked to the industry and intensive production of vegetables and cereals, which the particular soil makes very productive. Industry experienced a notable growth during the 1960s, when

FIAT Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (, , ; originally FIAT, it, Fabbrica Italiana Automobili di Torino, lit=Italian Automobiles Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer, formerly part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, and since 2021 a subsidiary ...

opened an important factory, thus attracting a growing number of immigrants from

southern Italy Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion of the Italian Republic consisting of its southern half. The term ''Mezzogiorno'' today refers to regions that are associated with the peop ...

. The rapid growth of FIAT made also possible other activities in the

metallurgy Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the sc ...

electronics The field of electronics is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission, behaviour and effects of electrons using electronic devices. Electronics uses active devices to control electron flow by amplification ...

optics Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviole ...

chemical industry The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into more than 70,000 different products. The ...

, and

food industry The food industry is a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world's population. The food industry today has become highly diversified, with manufacturing ranging from small, traditiona ...

fields. Also well-developed are the banking, financial and insurance sectors.

Notable people born in or related to Carmagnola

Francesco Bussone da Carmagnola Francesco Bussone, often called Count of Carmagnola (c. 1382 – 5 May 1432), was an Italian condottiero. Life Bussone was born at Carmagnola, near Turin, in a humble peasant family. He began his military career when twelve years old under Faci ...

(1380–1432), better known as ''Conte di Carmagnola'' – Renaissance Captain of Fortune,

condottiero ''Condottieri'' (; singular ''condottiero'' or ''condottiere'') were Italian captains in command of mercenary companies during the Middle Ages and of multinational armies during the early modern period. They notably served popes and other Europe ...

. *Lorenzo Valerio (1810–1865) – politician * Enrico Saroldi (1878–1954) – sculptor * Antonio Tortone – sculptor * Guglielmo Diatto – 19th century founder of the

Diatto Diatto was an Italian manufacturing company founded in 1835 in Turin by Guglielmo Diatto (1804–1864) to make 'carriages for wealthy customers'. In 1874 Guglielmo’s sons, Giovanni and Battista Diatto, began building railway carriages for Comp ...

industrial enterprise. *

Francesca Maria Rubatto Anna Maria Rubatto (14 February 1844 – 6 August 1904) was an Italian Roman Catholic nun who assumed the name of Maria Francesca. She was the founder of the Capuchin Sisters of Mother Rubatto. Most of her work was done in Uruguay where she die ...

(1844–1904) – Catholic nun, founder of the

Capuchin Sisters of Mother Rubatto The Capuchin Sisters of Mother Rubatto ( it, Suore Cappuccine di Madre Rubatto) are a religious institute of pontificial right (acronym S.C.M.R.).''Ann. Pont. 2007'', p. 1542. It was established at Loano on 23 January 1885.DIP, vol. II (1975), ...

*Raffaello Menochio (1858–1943) – Historical scholar and engineer *Angelo Paolo Carena (1740–1769) – Historical scholar *Giacinto Carena (1778–1859) – Philosopher,

philologist Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as th ...

, naturalist, secretary of the Science Academy of

Dino Campana Dino Campana (20 August 1885 – 1 March 1932) was an Italian visionary poet. His fame rests on his only published book of poetry, the ''Canti Orfici'' ("Orphic Songs"), as well as his wild and erratic personality, including his ill-fated love af ...

(1888–1932) – Poet *

Ferruccio Valobra Ferruccio Valobra (12 April 1898 – 22 September 1944) was an Italian resistance, Italian partisan and antifascist. Life Ferruccio Valobra was born in Turin from a Jewish family. Captain of the Alpini during the First World War, he was decorated ...

(1898–1944) –

Anti-fascist Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were ...

and

partisan Partisan may refer to: Military * Partisan (weapon), a pole weapon * Partisan (military), paramilitary forces engaged behind the front line Films * ''Partisan'' (film), a 2015 Australian film * ''Hell River'', a 1974 Yugoslavian film also know ...

Gianluigi Lentini Gianluigi Lentini (; born 27 March 1969) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a winger, usually on the left flank. He was once the world's most expensive footballer, when he moved from Torino to Silvio Berlusconi's Milan ...

(1969) –

Soccer player A football player or footballer is a sportsperson who plays one of the different types of football. The main types of football are association football, American football, Canadian football, Australian rules football, Gaelic football, rugby ...

Umberto Mastroianni Umberto Mastroianni (September 21, 1910 in Fontana Liri – February 25, 1998 in Marino, Italy), was an Italian abstract sculptor. In 1989, he received the first Praemium Imperiale for sculpture. During World War II, he was in the Italian res ...

(1910–1998) – Sculptor,

, uncle of the actor

Marcello Mastroianni Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni (28 September 1924 – 19 December 1996) was an Italian film actor, regarded as one of his country's most iconic male performers of the 20th century. He played leading roles for many of Italy's top di ...

Guido Martina Guido Martina (9 February 1906 – 6 May 1991) was an Italian comic writer, documentarist and author. Martina is well known for his Disney comics stories, including the first of the "" story "L'inferno di Topolino", and the creation of Paperinik ...

(1906–1991) –

Cartoonist A cartoonist is a visual artist who specializes in both drawing and writing cartoons (individual images) or comics (sequential images). Cartoonists differ from comics writers or comic book illustrators in that they produce both the literary and ...

*Davide Longo (1971) – Writer *Fabio Troiano (1974) – Actor *Andrea Fiore (1850–1914) – Bishop * Pio Marchi (1895–1942) – Soccer player * Guido Marchi (1896–1969) – Soccer player *Giorgio Sommacal (1961) – Cartoonist *

Eusebio Castigliano Eusebio Castigliano (; 9 February 1921 – 4 May 1949) was an Italian footballer who played as a midfielder. Club career Castigliano played professional club football for Pro Vercelli, Spezia, Biellese and Torino where he was part of the ''Gra ...

(1921–1949) – Soccer player, centre half of the

Grande Torino The Grande Torino was the historic Italian football team of Torino Football Club in the 1940s, five-time champions of Italy, whose players were the backbone of the Italy national team and died on 4 May 1949 in the plane crash known as the Superg ...

died in the

Superga air disaster The Superga air disaster occurred on 4 May 1949, when a Fiat G.212 of Avio Linee Italiane (Italian Airlines), carrying the entire Torino football team (popularly known as the ''Grande Torino''), crashed into the retaining wall at the back of th ...

* Caterina Dominici (1829–1894) beatified in 1975

Events

*Peppers Fair (''Sagra del Peperone''). It is held between the last week of August and the first of September; it is an eno-

gastronomic Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between food and culture, the art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions, and the science of good eating. One who is well versed in gastr ...

fair dedicated to the most typical product of Carmagnola's agriculture. It attracts over 250,000 visitors each year. On 5 September 2010 during the 61st Pepper Fair the town of Carmagnola has been entered into the

Guinness Book of Records ''Guinness World Records'', known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as ''The Guinness Book of Records'' and in previous United States editions as ''The Guinness Book of World Records'', is a reference book published annually, listing world ...

for the biggest

pepper Pepper or peppers may refer to: Food and spice * Piperaceae or the pepper family, a large family of flowering plant ** Black pepper * ''Capsicum'' or pepper, a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae ** Bell pepper ** Chili ...

soup (''

peperonata Peperonata is an Italian vegetable stew typically composed of red bell peppers, tomatoes and garlic. It may be used as a sauce for pasta or served as a side dish to meat and fish dishes. It may be also included as part of a ragù. See also * ...

'') with a weight of 1,190 kg (2,623.5 pounds). *Spring Fair (''Fiera di primavera''). Held annually in March, dedicated to agricultural commerce, it features many collateral events. *Mercantico. It takes place on the second Sunday of each month (except August). It is a small, antiques items' market, hosting over 400 stalls along the old town. *Ortoflora e Natura. Held in the first weekend of April in the municipal park Cascina Vigna, the event is dedicated to gardening and horticulture. *Grandparents' National Day (''Festa Nazionale dei Nonni''). It takes place in the middle of September, inside the park Cascina Vigna. It had its first edition in September 2003. *Other events include "Carmagnola Jazz Festival", "Carmagnola Town of Art and Culture", "National Ornithological Contest", "Regional Beef Cattle Fair".

Twin towns

Opatija Opatija (; it, Abbazia; german: Sankt Jakobi) is a town and a municipality in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. The traditional seaside resort on the Kvarner Gulf is known for its Mediterranean climate and its historic buildings r ...

, Croatia * Río Tercero, Argentinahttp://www.aquinoticias.com.ar/index.php?id=7600 Río Tercero (Spanish)

References

External links

Official website
{{authority control Cities and towns in Piedmont Castles in Italy