![Carl Raswan 0001](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Carl_Raswan_0001.jpg)
Carl Reinhard Raswan (7 March 1893 – 14 October 1966), born Carl Reinhard Schmidt, was one of the greatest connoisseurs and patrons of the ''
asil
Asil may refer to:
*Asil (name)
* American Society of International Law (ASIL)
* Asil, Arabian horses who have pedigrees that can be traced to identifiable desert-bred horses from the Middle East
* Asil chicken, a breed of chicken
* Asil Kara, a s ...
''
Arabian horse
The Arabian or Arab horse ( ar, الحصان العربي , DIN 31635, DMG ''ḥiṣān ʿarabī'') is a horse breed, breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula. With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is ...
. He authored numerous books on Arabian horses and the
Bedouin
The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu (; , singular ) are nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia. The Bedouin originated in the Syrian Desert and A ...
people who raised them. A scholar of Arabian bloodlines, he also published the Raswan Index, an extensive compilation of Arabian horse pedigree and strain information. He advocated tolerance and understanding of Bedouin ways of life and culture in Arabia.
Early years
Carl Raswan was born Carl Reinhard Schmidt in
Dresden
Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth larg ...
, Laubegast-Tolkewitz, in 1893, the son of Martin Schmidt and a Hungarian mother. At the age of five, Carl Raswan received a
pony
A pony is a type of small horse ('' Equus ferus caballus''). Depending on the context, a pony may be a horse that is under an approximate or exact height at the withers, or a small horse with a specific conformation and temperament. Compared ...
named "Philie" as a gift from his father. When his father purchased property in 1898, Carl took long excursions on his pony in the Dresden area, without the need to cross the
Elbe river
The Elbe (; cs, Labe ; nds, Ilv or ''Elv''; Upper and dsb, Łobjo) is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Giant Mountains of the northern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia (western half of the Czech Repu ...
. Carl spent his school holidays with riding, often in the company of his uncle Bernhard Schmidt, a forester. During one of those holidays, Raswan observed the young
Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony
en, Ernest Henry Ferdinand Francis Joseph Otto Maria Melchiades
, image = PrinceErnstSaxony.jpg
, image_size = 190px
, caption = Prince Ernst Heinrich in 1911
, spouse = Princess Sophie of LuxembourgVirginia Dulon
, issue ...
, who was riding a
Shagya Arabian
The Shagya Arabian is a horse breed which was developed in the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the 19th century at the Bábolna, Mezőhegyes, Radautz, Piber, and Topolcianky studs. Today it is most often seen in the Czech Republic, Austri ...
. Raswan noticed the horse appeared to recognize its own reflection in the water and played with it. This experience, suggesting a high degree of
animal intelligence
Animal cognition encompasses the mental capacities of non-human animals including insect cognition. The study of animal conditioning and learning used in this field was developed from comparative psychology. It has also been strongly influenc ...
for a horse, awakened his interest in the Arabian horse; he later described it as a key event in his life.
In 1902, Raswan enrolled in the humanistic Royal Wettin
Gymnasium in Dresden. The choice of this school was fortunate for him as he got the opportunity to study
ancient Greece
Ancient Greece ( el, Ἑλλάς, Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity ( AD 600), that comprised a loose collection of cult ...
and
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
as well as the languages. Carl Raswan deepened his study of classical languages during his high school years, reading the works of
Simon of Athens,
Xenophon
Xenophon of Athens (; grc, wikt:Ξενοφῶν, Ξενοφῶν ; – probably 355 or 354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian, born in Athens. At the age of 30, Xenophon was elected commander of one of the biggest Anci ...
,
Varro
Marcus Terentius Varro (; 116–27 BC) was a Roman polymath and a prolific author. He is regarded as ancient Rome's greatest scholar, and was described by Petrarch as "the third great light of Rome" (after Vergil and Cicero). He is sometimes calle ...
, Oppian and
Palladius. After graduation in May 1911, his parents sent him on a three-week trip to Greece, during which he spent a few days in Constantinople (now
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
), the former capital of the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
. This trip marked the beginning of his journey to fulfill his childhood dream to "search for the perfect horse." He spent most of his time studying ancient works of art representing horses, such as the
Parthenon
The Parthenon (; grc, Παρθενών, , ; ell, Παρθενώνας, , ) is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that was dedicated to the goddess Athena during the fifth century BC. Its decorative sculptures are considere ...
frieze of the Greek sculptor
Phidias
Phidias or Pheidias (; grc, Φειδίας, ''Pheidias''; 480 – 430 BC) was a Greek sculptor, painter, and architect. His Statue of Zeus at Olympia was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Phidias also designed the stat ...
, and the then-still-existing procession that contained images of hundreds of horses. Through the inspection of the private library of a friendly Greek archaeologist, Raswan learned extensively about the ancient history of the horse.
This period of reading also introduced Raswan to the two volumes of
Lady Anne Blunt
Anne Isabella Noel Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth (née King-Noel; 22 September 1837 – 15 December 1917), known for most of her life as Lady Anne Blunt, was co-founder, with her husband the poet Wilfrid Blunt, of the Crabbet Arabian Stud in E ...
's ''A Pilgrimage to Nejd,'' which impressed him deeply and inspired his later statement: "After my return from Athens I could no longer imagine my future in Europe... ".
First trip to the Middle East
![Carl Raswan 0002](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Carl_Raswan_0002.jpg)
Inspired by the writings of Lady Anne and his studies of ancient artwork, Raswan returned from Greece and soon began to study everything related to Arabia, and in a few years he mastered both the language as well as the writing to a native level. Raswan first traveled to the Middle East in 1911 on an invitation to Egypt from his cousin, who handled an Import/Export operation in Cairo. He traveled via Trieste and Alexandria to Cairo and saw for the first time the beauty and diversity of the Middle East. By 1912, Raswan had moved up to a job as an assistant at the Santa Stefano farm near Ramle, east of Alexandria, where he was responsible for irrigation techniques and farm issues, working extensively with the problems facing the rural population. His then 16-year-old sister, Charlotte Schmidt, followed Raswan to Egypt to help him to take over the financial management at Ramle.
On their excursions on horseback in the area around Alexandria, Raswan and his sister first made the acquaintance with the Bedouins in the area. One day they met Sheikh Ammer Ibn-el-Aide of the Would Ali tribe, who rode a small Arabian
stallion
A stallion is a male horse that has not been gelded (castrated).
Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" nec ...
named Ghazal (Arabic for gazelle). In the tent of Sheikh Raswan first learned about the customs and family life of the Bedouin, and where he also became acquainted with Marzuki, the former
equerry
An equerry (; from French ' stable', and related to 'squire') is an officer of honour. Historically, it was a senior attendant with responsibilities for the horses of a person of rank. In contemporary use, it is a personal attendant, usually up ...
to the Egyptian king
Tewfik (also Taufik).
In his ongoing search for the "dream horse", Raswan was invited by Marzuki to join him as an assistant on a trip to
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
and
Damascus
)), is an adjective which means "spacious".
, motto =
, image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg
, image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg
, seal_type = Seal
, map_caption =
, ...
. On this journey, he had his first opportunity to be in contact with the horse-breeding Bedouin tribes. Sheikh Ammer loaned Raswan his stallion Ghazal for this trip. The friendship between the Sheikh and Raswan became so close that he was nicknamed "Aziz" (Arabic for "Dear"). This nickname also helped Carl Raswan later in other contacts with the Bedouin. During this journey, which lasted about one year, Raswan learned many ways to deal with the nomadic tribes of Arab Bedouin. He learned much about their ways of life, religion, and made a study to understand the social fabric of the Bedouin tribes.
![Carl Raswan und Prinz Amir Fuaz 0001](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Carl_Raswan_und_Prinz_Amir_Fuaz_0001.jpg)
During this first journey, his interest in the Arabian horse and his experiences in the desert led to the blood brotherhood between Raswan and young Bedouin Prince Fawaz as-Shaalan (Fuaz). This close relationship continued until the death of Raswan. During this trip, as Raswan later wrote in his book "Drinkers of the Wind", he finally realized in the stallion Ghazal, a representative of the
asil
Asil may refer to:
*Asil (name)
* American Society of International Law (ASIL)
* Asil, Arabian horses who have pedigrees that can be traced to identifiable desert-bred horses from the Middle East
* Asil chicken, a breed of chicken
* Asil Kara, a s ...
Arabian horse, his "dream horse." Sheikh Ammer later gave Ghazal to Raswan as a gift.
World War I
With the beginning of World War I Raswan's life changed drastically. In the autumn of 1914, he received orders to report to the Saxon Royal Hussars Regiment No. 18 following Großenhain, but his enlistment was postponed. Raswan then reported in May 1915 to the German embassy in Constantinople as a volunteer. Raswan was involved in heavy fighting at
Galipoli
The Gallipoli peninsula (; tr, Gelibolu Yarımadası; grc, Χερσόνησος της Καλλίπολης, ) is located in the southern part of East Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles ...
and fought with the 4th Turkish army at the Suez Canal, where he caught malaria and typhoid fever. After participating in battles in Mesopotamia (now Iraq), Raswan went to the
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
in 1917, where he witnessed the Russian-German armistice. On his way home, Raswan experienced the
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...
in Warsaw. He arrived in Dresden having lost a significant amount of weight.
Emigration to the United States
Back in his native city, Carl Raswan no longer felt at home. In 1921, he decided to move to
Oakland, California
Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast of the United States, West Coast port, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third ...
to make his living there, and the USA became his home of choice. It took another four years, until 1925, before Raswan fully recovered from the health consequences of the First World War.
Raswan's passion for the Arabian horse led to his acquaintance with
W.K. Kellogg
William Keith Kellogg (April 7, 1860 – October 6, 1951), generally referred to as W.K. Kellogg, was an American industrialist in food manufacturing, best known as the founder of the Kellogg Company, which produces a wide variety of popular ...
, a breeder of purebred Arabians near
Pomona, California
Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County, California. Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley, between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley. At the 2020 census, the city's population was 151,713. The main campus of California State Polyte ...
. In 1925, Raswan was asked by Kellogg to travel to obtain breeding stock from the
Crabbet Arabian Stud
The Crabbet Arabian Stud, also known as the Crabbet Park Stud, was an English horse breeding farm that ran from 1878 to 1972. Its founder owners, husband and wife team Wilfrid Scawen Blunt and Lady Anne Blunt, decided while travelling in the Mid ...
in
Sussex
Sussex (), from the Old English (), is a historic county in South East England that was formerly an independent medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom. It is bounded to the west by Hampshire, north by Surrey, northeast by Kent, south by the English ...
, UK, then owned by
Lady Wentworth
Judith Anne Dorothea Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth, (6 February 1873 – 8 August 1957) also known as Lady Wentworth, was a British peer, Arabian horse breeder and real tennis player. As the owner of the Crabbet Arabian Stud from ...
. On February 22, 1926 his selected Arabian horses, arrived. The best-quality horse of this group was the stallion *Raswan (foaled 1921), said to be the best son of the stallion
Skowronek. Lady Wentworth gave *Raswan the stallion to Carl Raswan (then still known as Carl Schmidt) as a gift. Raswan or Radhwan in the Muslim faith is the angel of mercy at the entrance to Paradise.
The horse *Raswan stood at stud at the
Kellogg ranch, but while there was killed in a tragic accident. Carl Raswan learned of the stallion's death, he cried: "Dead? No! He will live! From now on, everything I do is done in his name!" At that time he changed his name from Carl Schmidt to Carl Raswan.
The Kellogg ranch also provided horses for use in film. The Kellogg-owned stallion Jadaan was ridden by Raswan in April 1926 when he served as a stunt double for the actor
Rudolph Valentino
Rodolfo Pietro Filiberto Raffaello Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguolla (May 6, 1895 – August 23, 1926), known professionally as Rudolph Valentino and nicknamed The Latin Lover, was an Italian actor based in the United States who starred ...
during shots requiring fast or dangerous riding in the film ''
Son of the Sheik
''The Son of the Sheik'' is a 1926 American silent adventure/drama film directed by George Fitzmaurice and starring Rudolph Valentino and Vilma Bánky. The film is based on the 1925 romance novel ''The Sons of the Sheik'' by Edith Maude Hull, a ...
''.
Beginning in the late 1930s, Carl Raswan maintained a small farm in the
Sandia mountains in New Mexico where he bred purebred Arabians.
Second trip to the Middle East
![Carl Raswan 0003](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Carl_Raswan_0003.jpg)
The tragic and dramatic events in America gave Carl Raswan the longing for "his" Bedouin, and so in 1926 he made a trip to the tribe of
Ruala. During this trip, the close relationship between Raswan and his blood brother Prince Fawaz deepened. The prince's grandfather, Amir
Nuri al-Shaalan
Nuri is a place in modern Sudan on the west side of the Nile, near the Fourth Cataract. Nuri is situated about 15 km north of Sanam, and 10 km from Jebel Barkal.
Nuri is the second of three Napatan burial sites and the construction of p ...
, was also very affectionate. The experiences and lessons of this journey Raswan described in his book ''Black Tents of Arabia''.
In 1928, Raswan undertook another trip to Central Arabia, during which he visited several Bedouin tribes. From this trip, he gained an insight that made him write a moving portrayal of the following:
"The world war was the last fall of the Romantic ideals of the Bedouin life. Mauser and machine guns, and now automobiles destroy hundreds of horses in the current fighting, they advance with spears and primitive weapons ... only innocuous wounds caused chivalric virtues and with their passion and laws (e.g. the blood-revenge) held in check. - ... In October 1927, I experienced a ... case with the Fid'an-'Anaza Bedouin in which 135 mares were lost in one day ... "
Carl Raswan was therefore witness a radical development, the a decline of pure Arabian horse in its region of origin, an effect breeders can still perceive. Also, the year 1928 was marked by a drought which affected the Ruala for weeks, resulting in the deaths of up to 2,000 camels.
On April 15, 1929, Carl Raswan was formally added as a member of the Ruala and into the family of Nuri al-Shaalan. This was a great honor for a European and a Christian (Raswan quote: "My religion, I had never denied to the Bedouin.") In the same year, Raswan brokered a peace agreement between 21 leaders of rival Bedouin tribes, which helped give him an excellent reputation. His experiences were described in his book ''The Arab and his horse'', as well as in the text of the book ''Arabian Horse'' by U. Guttmann.
In 1929, Raswan also accompanied the American breeder
W.R. Brown on a trip to Egypt and Syria to look for desert-bred horses. However, according to Brown’s wife, the two men apparently did not get along well, and the horses they purchased on the trip somehow never made it to America. Following that uncomfortable trip, Brown wrote the well-received ''The Horse of the Desert'', though he never mentioned Raswan in its pages.
Later journeys
![Bogdan Zietarski 0001](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Bogdan_Zietarski_0001.jpg)
In the journal ST.GEORGES,
[Ursula Guttmann: "Liebesbriefe um arabische Pferde". Georg Olms Verlag April 2007, ] Raswan noticed a photograph of the stallion Jasir in 1929, taken at the stud of Prince Mohamed Ali. This led to a request from
Pauline, Princess of Wied, the owner of the Königlich Württembergisches Gestüts Weil (Royal Wurttemberg Stud Weil), to Raswan to attempt to purchase the stallion. Raswan took the job, which proved to be harder than expected. He wrote:
"... After months of negotiations ... for a personal consultation with the
King of Egypt
King of Egypt () was the title used by the ruler of Egypt between 1922 and 1951. When the United Kingdom issued the Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence on 28 February 1922, thereby ending its protectorate over Egypt, Egypt's Sult ...
... I finally succeeded in convincing those great lovers and breeders of fine Arabian horse in Egypt that their sacrifice, to send Jasir to Germany, would prove in the course of time to be a gain for Egypt. "
The stallion then undertook a 16-day journey by ship and train from Cairo to Weil. However, Jasir appreciated freedom above all. In Venice, he escaped onto on the sun deck of the ship, then fell into a hatch, two decks deep onto thick cotton bales, jumped up, shook himself and then ran along a narrow steel corridor into a platform from which one could overlook the entire engine room, where the runaway was captured, miraculously intact. Once in Germany, Jasir was later one of the horses who, after the dissolution of the Royal Stud in Weil, was transferred to become part of the breeding stock of the
Marbach state stud.
In another journey to add to the European stock of Arabian horses, Raswan traveled in 1930 with the Polish prince
Roman Sanguszko
Prince Roman Adam Stanisław Sanguszko (1800–1881) was a Polish aristocrat, patriot, political and social activist.
Biography
Roman Sanguszko was born on 6 May 1800 in his family manor in Volhynia. The eldest of his kin, he was the heir ...
and his stud manager, Bogdan Zietarski, to acquire desert-bred Arabian horses for his farm in Gumniska (southern Poland). Together they traveled about 12,000 km in the Middle East and visited more than 10,000 horses. The result of the journey, from November 1930 until mid-1931, was the import of five stallions and four mares, of which the stallion Kuhailan Zaid db (= desertbred) went to the Hungarian stud of
Bábolna
Bábolna is a town in Komárom-Esztergom county, Hungary.
Bábolna houses the famous riding schoolPettko-Szandtner Tibor Lovas Szakiskola es Kollegiumand a world-famous stud farm
A stud farm or stud in animal husbandry is an establishment fo ...
, and the remaining horses to Gumniska. Another stallion from this purchase was Kuhailan Haifi, sire of the stallion Ofir, who stood at the Polish State Stud at
Janów Podlaski
Janów Podlaski (; be, Янаў Падляскі, Janaŭ Padliaski) is a town in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina ...
and had a far-reaching influence on the breeding of Arabian horses worldwide through his offspring, including his son
Witez II
Witez II (April 1, 1938 – June 9, 1965) was a bay Arabian stallion foaled at the Janów Podlaski stud in Poland. He spent his early years at Janów at a time when Poland was under occupation by Nazi Germany before ultimately arriving i ...
and grandson
Bask
Bask may refer to:
* to bask, or to sunbathe
* Bask, Gilan, Iran; a village
* Kalle Bask, a Finnish sailor
* Bask (horse) (1956–1979), an Arabian stallion
* Bask Om, a fictional character from Zeta Gundam
* Bäsk, a Swedish liquor
* FK BASK (Ф ...
. Raswan and Zietarski developed a close friendship and deep respect for each other. In a letter dated August 6, 1955 at the renowned Hippo Lodge, to Dr. John Erich Flade, a fellow countryman and friend of Raswan's, Raswan praised the expertise and horsemanship of Zietarski.
In the summer of 1936, Raswan undertook another trip to the Middle East. Originally, the purpose of the trip was a visit to his Arab friends, but owing to the political situation this proved to be extremely dangerous. Raswan usually traveled by car from Cairo to Aqaba in present-day Jordan, from there by Iraq and Baghdad via Iran and Tehran before returning by way of Alexandria and Genoa on the way back. Raswan described his odyssey in his book ''Escape from Baghdad''.
Final years
During World War II, Raswan began to sort his records in order to publish them as a book. It took him more than eight years, then ''Sons of the Desert'' was published.
After this project, he wrote in a letter to Dr. Flade, on May 11, 1955, that his next project would be to publish an index of all Arabian family trees, listing Bedouin breeders and imports of the last 100 years to Europe and America. The project was originally planned in twelve volumes, which he would produce at a rate of one every three months. However, this work, now known as the ''Raswan Index,'' took far longer. In the preparation of this work, Carl Raswan was helped extensively by his wife, Esperanza Raswan, who assisted with the writing and corrections. The work was finally published in seven volumes from 1957 to 1967, the last volumes published post-mortem, edited by Esperanza Raswan. Today, the ''Raswan Index'' is still an important reference work for breeders of Arabian horses. Later editions were condensed into three bound volumes.
In 1955, Raswan drew some conclusions from his eventful life. He extolled the lifestyle of the Bedouin, the children of Ishmael, their dignity, their life in freedom, their honor code, and their principles of humanity. In another letter to Dr. Flade, on January 16, 1965, Raswan discussed the connectedness of people of all countries and their commitment to nature and all animals.
In November and December 1965, Raswan became ill and spent a week in hospital. In a letter to Dr. Flade on December 22, 1965, he wrote that his old injuries from the First World War, injuries during his stay in the desert of Arabia, and a kidney injury inflicted in 1934 by the
Gestapo
The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
in the Wiener Straße in Dresden, were all examined. The doctors determined that the healing of the wounds was good, but that his kidney, spine and lungs needed treatment. His lungs had suffered in sand storms during his stays in the desert, leading to
silicosis
Silicosis is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust. It is marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs. It is a type of pneumoconiosis. Silicos ...
. Raswan reported in the letter that even the Arabian horses in the desert were affected by bleeding lungs if sandstorms went on longer than two days.
On October 14, 1966, Raswan died suddenly and unexpectedly in Santa Barbara, California, presumably as a result of silicosis. On January 14, 1967 condolences were received from Mútab Prince Fawaz al-Shaalan and the Ruala, stating that Carl Raswan (aka Abd al-Aziz Ibn Radhwan, the Ruala) a loyal, loving friend, was lost.
Raswan left one son, Harold, and three daughters, Mildred, Anita and Evalynn, from his first marriage. His last marriage, to Esperanza, left two daughters, Chela and Beatriz. Carl Raswan was very close to Esperanza, about which he once said: "She is much more than my better half, she is the substance angels are made of."
Notes
References
* Dr. John Erich Flade: "Carl Reinhard Raswan - We never own a horse, it is entrusted to us" from "ASILE ARABE Arabia noble horses" Volume VI / S. 213 ff Asil Club eV Editor; Olms Verlag Hildesheim 2007
*
Lady Anne Blunt
Anne Isabella Noel Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth (née King-Noel; 22 September 1837 – 15 December 1917), known for most of her life as Lady Anne Blunt, was co-founder, with her husband the poet Wilfrid Blunt, of the Crabbet Arabian Stud in E ...
: ''A Pilgrimage to Nejd'', London 1881
* Carl R. Raswan: "In the land of the black tents." Olms Verlag 2nd Edition, 1990 -
* Carl R. Raswan: "The Arab and his horse." Olms Verlag edition N.-A., Nachdr (January 1990) -
* Carl R. Raswan and Ursula Guttmann: "Arabian horse". Mueller Publisher Rueschlikon reprint from January 1992 -
* Carl R. Raswan: "Escape from Baghdad". Reprint Olms Verlag Hildesheim 1978 -
* Carl R. Raswan: "Sons of the Desert". Olms Verlag 2nd Edition (August 2000) -
* Carl R. Raswan: "Black Tents of Arabia (My Life Among the Bedouins" Creative Age press 1947, reprinted by Folcroft Library Editions 1977 (first published in 1934)
Alice Payne: "This was Carl Raswan" ''The Arabian Horse News,'' 11/12, 1966. See http://www.wiwfarm.com/APRaswanObit.html
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raswan, Carl
Arabian breeders and trainers
1893 births
1966 deaths
Writers from Dresden