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Mohammed Ali Tewfik
Mohammed Ali Tewfik ( ar, محمد علي توفيق; 9 November 1875 – 18 March 1955) was the heir presumptive of Egypt and Sudan in the periods 1892–1899 and 1936–1952. He was a member of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. Regent He was the son of Khedive Tewfik I and Emina Ilhamy, and the younger brother of Khedive Abbas II. Following the death of King Fuad I in 1936, Prince Mohammed Ali served briefly as the chief regent for the 16-year-old King Farouk I until his coronation. In 1937 he represented Egypt and Sudan at the Coronation of King George VI of the United Kingdom. In January 1952, his hopes of ruling were ended by the birth of King Farouk's son Ahmed Fuad. In 1953 Egypt was declared a republic and Prince Mohammed Ali lived the rest of his life in exile and died in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1955. Personal life and wealth Mohammed Ali Tewfik had a great palace, Al Manial, which he had built in the early 20th century, that contains many artifacts in a vintage arch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Language
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is the language of literature, official documents, and formal written m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morganatic Marriage
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse, or any children born of the marriage. The concept is most prevalent in German-speaking territories and countries most influenced by the customs of the German-speaking realms. Generally, this is a marriage between a man of high birth (such as from a reigning, deposed or mediatised dynasty) and a woman of lesser status (such as a daughter of a low-ranked noble family or a commoner).Webster's Online Dictionary . Retrieved 2008-07-10. Diesbach, Ghislain de. ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud II
Mahmud II ( ota, محمود ثانى, Maḥmûd-u s̠ânî, tr, II. Mahmud; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. His reign is recognized for the extensive administrative, military, and fiscal reforms he instituted, which culminated in the Decree of Tanzimat ("reorganization") that was carried out by his sons Abdulmejid I and Abdülaziz. Often described as "Peter the Great of Turkey", Mahmud's reforms included the 1826 abolition of the conservative Janissary corps, which removed a major obstacle to his and his successors' reforms in the Empire. The reforms he instituted were characterized by political and social changes, which would eventually lead to the birth of the modern Turkish Republic. Notwithstanding his domestic reforms, Mahmud's reign was also marked by nationalist uprisings in Ottoman-ruled Serbia and Greece, leading to a loss of territory for the Empire following the emergence of an independ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tusun Pasha
Tusun Pasha ( ota, طوسون پاشا, ar, طوسون باشا, tr, Tosun Paşa, Ahmet Tosun Paşa; 1794–28 September 1816) was the younger son of Muhammad Ali Pasha, Wāli of Egypt between 1805 and 1849, by Amina Hanim. He was the father of Abbas I of Egypt (1812–1854) by princess Pembe Qadin. He is buried in Hosh al-Basha, the royal mausoleum of the royal family at the Imam al-Shafi'i, Cairo, Egypt. Life Though not as well known as Muhammad Ali's other son Ibrahim Pasha, Tusun Pasha did nevertheless attain some historical significance in the Ottoman–Saudi War, having led in 1811 the successful military campaign of the Egyptian army in the Arabian Peninsula. It was taken up in order to subdue unrest created in that region by Wahabbi forces. It appears from historical records that, despite not being the eldest son, Tusun was destined by Muhammad Ali to carry on his legacy. This aspiration, however, was not to materialise, as Tusun died in 1816 - possibly of diseas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ali Of Egypt
Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha, also known as Muhammad Ali of Egypt and the Sudan ( sq, Mehmet Ali Pasha, ar, محمد علي باشا, ; ota, محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; ; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849), was the Albanian Ottoman governor and de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848, considered the founder of modern Egypt. At the height of his rule, he controlled all of Egypt, Sudan, Hejaz and the Levant. He was a military commander in an Albanian Ottoman force sent to recover Egypt from a French occupation under Napoleon. Following Napoleon's withdrawal, Muhammad Ali rose to power through a series of political maneuvers, and in 1805 he was named '' Wāli'' (viceroy) of Egypt and gained the rank of Pasha. As '' Wāli'', Muhammad Ali attempted to modernize Egypt by instituting dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres. He also initiated a violent purge of the Mamluks, consolidating his rule and permanently ending the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verdicenan Kadın
ota, وردجنان قادین , birth_name = Saliha Achba Hanim , birth_date = 1825 , birth_place = Sukhum, Abkhazia , death_date = , death_place = Feriye Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (present day Istanbul, Turkey) , burial_place = Imperial ladies Mausoleum, New Mosque, Istanbul , spouse = , issue = , house = Achba (by birth) Ottoman (by marriage) , father = Kaytuk Giorgi Achba , mother = Yelizaveta Hanım , religion = Sunni Islam Verdicenan Kadın (; "''Heart's decision''" or "''Heart's jury''"; 18259 December 1889) was a consort of Sultan Abdulmejid I of the Ottoman Empire. Early life Verdicenan Kadın was born in 1825 in Sukhum, Abkhazia. Her original name was Saliha Achba. She was a member of the Abkhazian princely family, Achba. Her father was Prince Kaytuk Giorgi Bey Achba (1793–1848), and her mother was Princess Yelizaveta Hanım (1795–1843). She had four elder siblings, two brothers, Prince A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdülmecid I
Abdulmejid I ( ota, عبد المجيد اول, ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd-i evvel, tr, I. Abdülmecid; 25 April 182325 June 1861) was the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839. His reign was notable for the rise of nationalist movements within the empire's territories. Abdulmejid wanted to encourage Ottomanism among secessionist subject nations and stop rising nationalist movements within the empire, but despite new laws and reforms to integrate non-Muslims and non-Turks more thoroughly into Ottoman society, his efforts failed in this regard. He tried to forge alliances with the major powers of Western Europe, namely the United Kingdom and France, who fought alongside the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War against Russia. During the Congress of Paris on 30 March 1856, the Ottoman Empire was officially included among the European family of nations. Abdulmejid's biggest achievement was the announcement and application of the Tanzimat (reorganiz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas I Of Egypt
Abbas Helmy I of Egypt (also known as ''Abbas Pasha'', ar, عباس الأول, tr, I. Abbas Hilmi Paşa 1 July 181213 July 1854) was the Wāli of Egypt and Sudan. He was a son of the Albanian Tusun Pasha, and a grandson of the Albanian Muhammad Ali, founder of the reigning Muhammad Ali Dynasty of Egypt and Sudan. The Chambers Biographical Dictionary says of him: " goted and sensual, he did much to undo the progress made under Muhammad Ali." Early years Abbas was born on 1 July 1812 in Jeddah and was brought up in Cairo. Being the grandson of Muhammad Ali, he succeeded his uncle Ibrahim Pasha in ruling Egypt and Sudan in 1848. As a young man, he fought in the Levant under his uncle Ibrahim Pasha in the Syrian War. Muhammad Ali Pasha was removed from office on 1 September 1848, on account of mental weakness. He was replaced by his son Ibrahim Pasha, who reigned briefly as Regent of Egypt and Sudan from 1 September 1848 until his death on 10 November 1848. The death of Ibra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoshiar Kadinefendi
, birth_name = , birth_date = , birth_place = , death_date = 21 June 1886 , death_place = Greater Qasar Ali Palace, Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt , place of burial = Khedival Mausoleum, Rifai Mosque, Cairo, Egypt , religion = Sunni Islam Hoshiyar Qadin (, died 21 June 1886) was a consort to Ibrahim Pasha and was Walida Pasha to their son Isma'il Pasha. Early life Of Circassian or European origin, Hoshiyar Qadin was in good relationship with Pertevniyal Sultan, the mother of Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz. Ibrahim had known Istanbul, since he was a hostage in the imperial capital 1806–1807. He may have met and fell in love with Hoshiyar later in Bebek. She married Ibrahim Pasha, and gave birth to Isma'il Pasha on 31 December 1830. After the death of Sa'id Pasha, Isma'il was proclaimed Khedive on 19 January 1863, though the Ottoman Empire and the other Great Powers recognized him only as Wāli, and Hoshiyar became the Walida Pasha. As Walida Pasha Hoshiyar Qadin was a publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Pasha Of Egypt
Ibrahim Pasha ( tr, Kavalalı İbrahim Paşa; ar, إبراهيم باشا ''Ibrāhīm Bāshā''; 1789 – 10 November 1848) was an Ottoman Albanian general in the Egyptian army and the eldest son of Muhammad Ali, the Wāli and unrecognised Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. He served as a general in the Egyptian army that his father established during his reign, taking his first command of Egyptian forces when he was merely a teenager. In the final year of his life, he succeeded his still-living father as ruler of Egypt and Sudan, owing to the latter's ill health. His rule also extended over the other dominions that his father had brought under Egyptian rule, namely Syria, Hejaz, Morea, Thasos, and Crete. Ibrahim pre-deceased his father, dying 10 November 1848, only four months after acceding to the throne. Upon his father's death the following year, the Egyptian throne passed to Ibrahim's nephew (son of Muhammad Ali's second oldest son), Abbas. Ibrahim remains one of the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Münire Sultan (daughter Of Abdulmejid I)
Münire Sultan ( ota, منیرہ سلطان; "''brightness''" or "''brilliant''"; 9 December 1844 – 29 June 1862) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Abdulmejid I and one of his consorts Verdicenan Kadın. Early life Münire Sultan was born on 9 December 1844 at the Topkapı Palace. Her father was Sultan Abdulmejid I, and her mother was Verdicenan Kadın, the daughter of Prince Kaytuk Giorgi Achba and Princess Yelizaveta Hanım. She was the eldest child of her mother. She had a brother of Şehzade Ahmed Kemaleddin, three years younger than her, and an adoptive sister, Mediha Sultan. First marriage Engagement In March 1854, a messenger from Istanbul announced the betrothal of Münire Sultan to Prince Ibrahim Ilhami Pasha, son of Abbas I of Egypt and his wife Mahivech Hanim. Large public celebrations were proclaimed and the viceroy was reported to be highly pleased with the news. Ibrahim Pasha sent her a solitaire ring, solitaire earrings and a briolette as her betrothal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damad Prince Ibrahim Ilhamy Pasha
Ibrahim Ilhami Pasha ( ar, إبراهيم إلهامي باشا; 3 January 18369 September 1860) was the only surviving son of Abbas I of Egypt and his wife Mahivech Hanim. Ibrahim Ilhami was circumcised in 1849. In July 1854, following his father Abbas's death, his loyalists unsuccessfully attempted to raise him to the throne. Personal life In March 1854, a messenger from Istanbul announced the betrothal of Ibrahim Pasha to Münire Sultan, daughter of Abdulmejid I and his wife Verdicenan Kadın. Large public celebrations were proclaimed and the viceroy was reported to be highly pleased with the news. Ibrahim Pasha sent her a solitaire ring, solitaire earrings and a briolette as her betrothal gifts. There were also all sorts of perfumes covered with transparent lids and bowls of musk and mastic. There were crystal carafes containing syrup and porcelain vases from Saxony holding all sorts of preserves, and finally there were both eastern and western candies on plates of Chinese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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