Carl Adolph Agardh (23 January 1785 in

Båstad Båstad () is a Urban areas in Sweden, locality and the seat of Båstad Municipality, Scania County, Sweden, with approximately 5,000 permanent residents. It is however one of Sweden's most typical summer resorts. The population is presumably more ...

, Sweden – 28 January 1859 in

Karlstad Karlstad (, ) is the 20th-largest city in Sweden, the seat of Karlstad Municipality, the capital of Värmland County, and the largest city in the province Värmland in Sweden. The city proper had 65,856 inhabitants in 2020 with 95,167 inhabitants ...

) was a

Swedish Swedish or ' may refer to: Anything from or related to Sweden, a country in Northern Europe. Or, specifically: * Swedish language, a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Sweden and Finland ** Swedish alphabet, the official alphabet used by ...

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

specializing in

algae Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular mic ...

, who was eventually appointed

bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

Biography

In 1807 he was appointed teacher of mathematics at

Lund University , motto = Ad utrumque , mottoeng = Prepared for both , established = , type = Public research university , budget = SEK 9 billion Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( sv, Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) is one of the Swedish Royal Academies, royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special ...

in 1817, and of the

Swedish Academy The Swedish Academy ( sv, Svenska Akademien), founded in 1786 by King Gustav III of Sweden, Gustav III, is one of the Swedish Royal Academies, Royal Academies of Sweden. Its 18 members, who are elected for life, comprise the highest Swedish lang ...

in 1831. He was ordained a clergyman in 1816, received two parishes as

prebend A prebendary is a member of the Roman Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church. When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the ...

, and was a representative in the clerical chamber of the

Swedish Parliament The Riksdag (, ; also sv, riksdagen or ''Sveriges riksdag'' ) is the legislature and the supreme decision-making body of Sweden. Since 1971, the Riksdag has been a unicameral legislature with 349 members (), elected proportionally and s ...

on several occasions from 1817. He was

rector magnificus A rector (Latin for 'ruler') is a senior official in an educational institution, and can refer to an official in either a university or a secondary school. Outside the English-speaking world the rector is often the most senior official in a un ...

of Lund University 1819-1820 and was appointed bishop of Karlstad in 1835, where he remained until his death. He was the father of

Jacob Georg Agardh Jacob Georg Agardh (8 December 1813 in Lund, Sweden – 17 January 1901 in Lund, Sweden) was a Sweden, Swedish botanist, phycologist, and taxonomist. He was the son of Carl Adolph Agardh, and from 1854 until 1879 was professor of botany at Lund ...

, also a botanist.

System of plant classification

The ''Classes Plantarum'' has nine primary divisions into which his classes and natural orders are grouped. These are, with class numbers; # Acotyledonae 1–3 (

Algae Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular mic ...

Lichenes A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

) # Pseudocotyledonae 4–7 (Muscoideae, Tetradidymae,

Filices A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except th ...

Equisetaceae Equisetaceae, sometimes called the horsetail family, is the only extant family of the order Equisetales, with one surviving genus, ''Equisetum'', which comprises about twenty species. Evolution and systematics Equisetaceae is the only survivin ...

) # Cryptocotyledonae 8–12 (Macropodae, Spadicinae,

Glumiflorae {{Short description, Group of flowering plants ''Glumiflorae'' (gluma = husk + florae = flowers) is a descriptive botanical name. It was used in the Wettstein system for an order of flowering plants. The order consisted of one family only: * ord ...

Liliiflorae Lilianae (also known as Liliiflorae) is a botanical name for a superorder (that is, a rank higher than that of order) of flowering plants. Such a superorder of necessity includes the type family Liliaceae (and usually the type order Liliales). ...

Gynandrae {{Unreferenced, date=December 2009 ''Gynandrae'' is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It was used in the Wettstein system for the order containing the orchids and is a descriptive name referring to the stamens. The Bentham & H ...

) # Phanerocotyledonae incompletae 13–16 (Micranthae, Oleraceae, Epichlamydeae, Columnantherae) # Phanerocotyledonae completae, hypogynae, monopetalae 17 (

Tubiflorae ''Tubiflorae'' is a botanical name, meaning “with tubular flowers”. It was used in the Engler system (and derived systems such as the Wettstein system) for: * an order in the ''Sympetalae''. This order included such families as ''Convolvulac ...

) # Phanerocotyledonae completae, hypogynae, polypetalae 18–22 (Centrisporae, Brevistylae, Polycarpellae, Valvisporae,

Columniferae ''Columniferae'' is a descriptive botanical name. The Wettstein system used this name for an order of flowering plants, with the following circumscription: * order ''Columniferae'' *: familia ''Malvaceae'' *: familia ''Bombacaceae'' *: familia ' ...

) # Phanerocotyledonae completae, discigynae, monopetalae 23 (Tetraspermae) # Phanerocotyledonae completae, discigynae, polypetalae 24–26 (Gynobaseae, Trihilitae, Hypodicarpae) # Phanerocotyledonae completae, porigynae 27–33 (Subaggregatae, Aridifoliae, Succulentae, Calycanthemae, Peponiferae, Icosandrae,

Leguminosae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

) Each class then contains a number of orders (

families Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideall ...

). For instance, Liliiflorae contains 11 orders; * Liliiflorae ** 43

Asparageae Asparagaceae, known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, ''Asparagus officinalis''. Those who live in the temperate c ...

** 44

Asphodeleae Asphodelaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, but the circumscription has varied widely. In its current circumscription in the APG IV system, it includes about 40 ...

** 45 Coronariae ** 46

Veratreae Melanthieae is a tribe of flowering plants within the family Melanthiaceae. Molecular phylogenetic studies in the 21st century have resulted in a large-scale reassignment of many of its species to different genera; in particular the genus ''Ziga ...

** 47 Commelineae ** 48 Pontedereae ** 49 Dioscorinae ** 50 Haemodoreae ** 51

Irideae Irideae is a tribe included in the well-known family Iridaceae. It contains many species in five genera which are widely distributed in the Old World. The tribe derives its name from '' Iris'', which is the largest genus of the tribe. The bloom ...

** 52

Narcisseae Narcisseae is a small tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family ( Amaryllidaceae), where it forms part of the Eurasian clade, and is one of three tribes in the European (Mediterranean) clade. It contain ...

** 53

Bromeliaceae The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain o ...

Publications

He devoted considerable attention to

political economy Political economy is the study of how Macroeconomics, economic systems (e.g. Marketplace, markets and Economy, national economies) and Politics, political systems (e.g. law, Institution, institutions, government) are linked. Widely studied ph ...

and as "a leading liberal", he "succeeded in improving and raising the standards of education in Sweden". He also wrote on theological and other subjects, but his reputation chiefly rests on his botanical works, especiall
''Systema algarum''''Species algarum rite cognitae''
and ''Classes plantarum'' on

biological classification In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given ...

, and ''Icones Algarum'' (1824, 1820–28, an
1828–35
. The greatest part of his ''Manual of Botany'' (2 vols., Malmoe, 1829–32) has been translated into German.

List of selected publications

* *
''Algarum decas prima [-quarta
/nowiki> /auctore Carolo Ad. Agardh''">quarta">''Algarum decas prima [-quarta
/nowiki> /auctore Carolo Ad. Agardh''br>''Dispositio algarum Sueciae /cuctore Carolo Adolfo Agardh''

''Caroli A. Agardh Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae : adjecta dispositione universali algarum''

''Adnotationes botanicae'' (with Swartz, Olof, Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim, and Wikström, Joh. Em)

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agardh, Carl Adolph 1785 births 1859 deaths People from Båstad Municipality Swedish botanists Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Members of the Swedish Academy Swedish phycologists Pteridologists Swedish mycologists Lund University faculty Swedish taxonomists Bishops of Karlstad 19th century in Skåne County