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Veratreae
Melanthieae is a tribe of flowering plants within the family Melanthiaceae. Molecular phylogenetic studies in the 21st century have resulted in a large-scale reassignment of many of its species to different genera; in particular the genus ''Zigadenus'' (deathcamases) has been restricted to a single species, ''Zigadenus glaberrimus''. Plants contain alkaloids, making them unpalatable to grazing animals; many are very poisonous to both animals and humans. Description Like the family as a whole, members of the tribe are "lilioid monocots", i.e. their flowers superficially resemble those of the genus ''Lilium'', with six tepals not differentiated into sepals and petals. As with other lilioid monocots, they were previously included in a broadly defined family Liliaceae. They are found mainly in woodland or alpine habitats in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Central America, and Asia), with one species found in South America. They are perennials, growing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanthiaceae
Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to the family Liliaceae, in part because both their sepals and petals closely resemble each other and are often large and showy like those of lilies, while some more recent taxonomists have placed them in a family Trilliaceae. The most authoritative modern treatment, however, the APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 2003 APG II system and the 1998 APG system), places the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. Circumscribed in this way, the family includes up to 17 genera. Familiar members of the family include the genera ''Paris'' and ''Trillium''. Genera and species , the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepted 17 genera in the family.Search for "Melanthiaceae", They have been divided into five tribes. It h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizome
In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow horizontally. The rhizome also retains the ability to allow new shoots to grow upwards. A rhizome is the main stem of the plant that runs underground horizontally. A stolon is similar to a rhizome, but a stolon sprouts from an existing stem, has long internodes, and generates new shoots at the end, such as in the strawberry plant. In general, rhizomes have short internodes, send out roots from the bottom of the nodes, and generate new upward-growing shoots from the top of the nodes. A stem tuber is a thickened part of a rhizome or stolon that has been enlarged for use as a storage organ. In general, a tuber is high in starch, e.g. the potato, which is a modified stolon. The term "tuber" is often used imprecisely and is sometimes applied to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plastid
The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastids) is a membrane-bound organelle found in the Cell (biology), cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. They are considered to be intracellular endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. Examples include chloroplasts (used for photosynthesis), chromoplasts (used for pigment synthesis and storage), and leucoplasts (non-pigmented plastids that can sometimes differentiate). The event which led to permanent endosymbiosis in the Archaeplastida clade (of Embryophyte, land plants, red algae, and green algae) probably occurred with a cyanobiont (a symbiotic cyanobacteria) related to the genus ''Gloeomargarita lithophora, Gloeomargarita'', around 1.5 billion years ago. A later primary endosymbiosis event occurred in photosynthetic ''Paulinella'' amoeboids about 90–140 million years ago. This plastid belongs to the "PS-clade" (of the cyanobacteria genera ''Prochlorococcus'' and ''Synechococcus''). Chloroplas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Nucleus
The cell nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin or , meaning ''kernel'' or ''seed'') is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm; and the nuclear matrix, a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support. The cell nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's genome. Nuclear DNA is often organized into multiple chromosomes – long stands of DNA dotted with various proteins, such as histones, that protect and organize the DNA. The genes within these chromosomes are structured in such a way to promote cell function. The nucleus maintains the integrity of genes and controls the activities of the cell by regulating gene expres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxicoscordion
''Toxicoscordion'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melanthiaceae, tribe Melanthieae, first described as a genus in 1903. The genus is mainly distributed in the midwestern United States and western North America, with some species in western Canada and northern Mexico. Molecular phylogenetic studies in the 21st century have resulted in number of changes to placements within this tribe. ''Toxicoscordion'' was long submerged into the genus ''Zigadenus'', but its separate position in the phylogeny of the Melanthieae has been confirmed. Members of ''Toxicoscordion'' may also be distinguished from other similar members of the deathcamas tribe by the presence of narrow, clawed tepals with a single, conspicuous, rounded gland. ; Species * ''Toxicoscordion brevibracteatum'' (syn. ''Zigadenus brevibracteatus'') - desert deathcamas - Baja California, Sonora, California * ''Toxicoscordion exaltatum'' (syn. ''Zigadenus exaltatus'') - giant deathcamas - California, Nevada * ''To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anticlea (plant)
''Anticlea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melanthiaceae, tribe Melanthieae. Molecular phylogenetic studies in the 21st century have resulted in number of changes to placements within this tribe. ''Anticlea'' was long submerged into the genus ''Zigadenus''; however its separate position has been confirmed. Some species were also moved from '' Stenanthium'' into ''Anticlea''. (See also Phylogeny of Melanthieae.) Members of ''Anticlea'' may also be distinguished from other members of the former genus ''Zigadenus'', the deathcamases, by the presence of narrow tepals with a single, conspicuous, bilobed gland. It also has a wider distribution, occurring in Asia and much of North and Central America, ranging south to Guatemala. ; Species * '' Anticlea elegans'' (syn. ''Zigadenus elegans'') - Elegant camas, alkali grass, mountain deathcamas - W + N United States, Alaska, Canada, Chihuahua * '' Anticlea frigida'' (syn. ''Stenanthium frigidum'') - Veracruz * '' Anticlea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amianthium
''Amianthium'' is a North American genus of perennial plants growing from bulbs. It contains the single known species ''Amianthium muscitoxicum'', known in English as fly poison from a literal translation of the Latin Specific epithet (botany), epithet ''muscitoxicum'', and is noted for its pretty flowers and its toxic alkaloid content. While all parts of the plant are poisonous, the bulb is particularly toxic. The scientific Specific epithet (botany), epithet was given to it by Thomas Walter (botanist), Thomas Walter when he published his ''Flora Caroliniana'' in 1788. The bulb was mixed with sugar by American colonists to kill flies. The toxic alkaloids present in the roots and leaves include jervine and amianthine. ''Amianthium'' is self-incompatibility in plants, self-incompatible and is pollinated mostly by beetles. It is native to eastern North America, as far north as Pennsylvania, west roughly to the Appalachian Mountains (with an additional area in the Ozarks), and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanthium
''Melanthium'' is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants native to North America. They are closely related to ''Veratrum'', and in fact are included in that genus by some authors. The distinction between ''Melanthium'' and ''Veratrum'' is based on various morphological traits, but it is not yet clear where the line is best drawn. They contain alkaloids similar to those found in ''Veratrum'' and are thus assumed to be poisonous. Species ThWorld Checklistconsiders ''Melanthium'' as a synonym of ''Veratrum'', and accepts no species as members of ''Melanthium.'' Nor does Plants of the World Onlinebr>Tropicosdoes likewise, adding that proposals have been made to reject the name ''Melanthium'' entirely.Zomlefer, W. B., W. S. Judd & K.N. Gandhi. 2010. (1928) Proposal to conserve the name ''Veratrum'' against ''Melanthium'' (Melanthiaceae). Taxon 59(2): 644-645. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veratrum
''Veratrum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melanthiaceae. It occurs in damp habitats across much of temperate and subarctic Europe, Asia, and North America. ''Veratrum'' species are vigorous herbaceous perennials with highly poisonous black rhizomes, and panicles of white or brown flowers on erect stems. In English they are known as false hellebores, false helleborines, and corn lilies. However, ''Veratrum'' is not closely related to hellebores, helleborines, corn, or lilies. File:Veratrum nigrum Ciemiężyca czarna flowers 01.jpg, '' Veratrum nigrum'' flowers, Poland File:Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum 0807.JPG, ''Veratrum album'' subsp. ''oxysepalum'', Fukushima Prefecture, Japan File:VeratrumViride-pousses-1.jpg, ''Veratrum viride'' shoot emerging, Quebec, Canada File:Veratrum stamineum 06.jpg, ''Veratrum stamineum'' in the mountains of Japan Ecology ''Veratrum'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Setaceous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenanthium
''Stenanthium'' is a North American genus of flowering plants in the tribe Melanthieae of the family Melanthiaceae. Featherbells is a common name for plants in this genus. Taxonomy Molecular phylogenetics, Molecular phylogenetic studies in the 21st century have resulted in number of changes to placements within this tribe. Three species were removed from the genus to ''Anticlea (plant), Anticlea'' and two or three (depending on whether ''S. leimanthoides'' is maintained as a separate species) added from ''Zigadenus'' sensu lato, the deathcamases. (See also Melanthieae#Phylogeny, Phylogeny of Melanthieae.) Members of ''Stenanthium'', as currently circumscribed, may also be distinguished from other deathcamases by having a slender cylindrical bulb and the lack of sarcotesta on its brown seeds. They occur in the eastern and south-central United States. Species Species include: *''Stenanthium densum'' (Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd – Osceola's plume - southeastern United States fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schoenocaulon
''Schoenocaulon'' is a North American genus of perennial herbaceous flowering plants, ranging from the southern United States to Peru. It is a member of the Melanthiaceae, according to the APG III classification system, and is placed in the tribe Melanthieae. Unlike other genera in the tribe, the flowers are arranged in a spike; depending on the species the flower stalks for each flower are either very short or completely absent. Feathershank is a common name, the medicinally used ''S. officinale'' is called Sabadilla (pronunciation: /sab-uh-dil-uh/, IPA: /ˌsæb əˈdɪl ə/). Plants generally grow in chaparral, oak, or pine forests. Grazing has narrowed the natural ranges of some species to only steep, rocky terrain.Frame, D. 1990. A revision of ''Schoenocaulon'' (Liliaceae: Melanthieae). Ph. D. Thesis. The City University of New York. New York. 269 pp. Mexico is the center of ''Schoenocaulon'' diversity, with 22 endemic species - some with distributions limited to single m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach
August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach () was a German botanist and phytogeographer. He was born in Hannover on 17 April 1814 and died in Göttingen on 9 May 1879. Biography Grisebach studied at the Lyceum in Hanover, the cloister-school at Ilfeld, and the University of Göttingen. He graduated in medicine from the University of Berlin in 1836. He undertook expeditions to Provence, Turkey, the Balkans, and Norway. In 1837 he became associate professor and in 1847 full professor at the medical faculty in Göttingen and was named director of the botanical garden there in 1875. While his main fields of interest were phytogeography and systematics, especially the Gentianaceae and Malpighiaceae, he considered his ''Flora of the British West Indian Islands'' his most important work. Much of his collection, especially the types of species described by him, are housed at the Göttingen University Herbarium. His taxonomic classification is set out in his ''Grundriss der systematischen Botani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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