Cytokine receptor-like factor 2 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''CRLF2''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
. It forms a ternary signaling complex with
TSLP
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a protein belonging to the cytokine family. It is known to play an important role in the maturation of T cell populations through activation of antigen-presenting cells.
TSLP is produced mainly by non-Haema ...
and
interleukin-7 receptor-α, capable of stimulating
cell proliferation
Cell proliferation is the process by which ''a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells''. Cell proliferation leads to an exponential increase in cell number and is therefore a rapid mechanism of tissue growth. Cell proliferation re ...
through activation of STAT3, STAT5 and JAK2 pathways and is implicated in the development of the
hematopoietic system
The haematopoietic system is the system in the body involved in the creation of the cells of blood.
Structure Stem cells
Hematopoietic stem cell, Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the medulla of the bone (bone marrow) and have the uniqu ...
. Rearrangement of this gene with
immunoglobulin
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the ...
heavy chain gene (IGH) (chromosome 14), or with P2Y purinoceptor 8 gene (P2RY8) (chromosome X or Y) is associated with B-progenitor- and
Down syndrome
Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual dis ...
- acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling. Cytokines are peptides and cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to be involved in autocrin ...
signals are mediated through specific
receptor
Receptor may refer to:
* Sensory receptor, in physiology, any structure which, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse
*Receptor (biochemistry), in biochemistry, a protein molecule that receives and responds to a ...
complexes, the components of which are mostly members of the type I cytokine receptor family. Type I cytokine receptors share conserved structural features in their
extracellular domain
An ectodomain is the Protein domain, domain of a Cell membrane, membrane protein that extends into the extracellular space (the space outside a cell (biology), cell). Ectodomains are usually the parts of proteins that initiate contact with surfaces ...
. Receptor complexes are typically heterodimeric, consisting of
alpha chain
The term alpha chain is normally used to indicate one of the subunits of a multi-subunit protein. The term "chain" is a general term given to any peptide sequence. It can often refer more specifically to mean:
* a part of the T-cell receptor,
* ...
s, which provide ligand specificity, and beta (or gamma) chains, which are required for the formation of high-affinity binding sites and
signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellula ...
.
upplied by OMIMref name="entrez"/>
References
Further reading
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External links
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