Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''CDK5R1''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene (p35) is a neuron-specific activator of
cyclin-dependent kinase 5
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a protein, and more specifically an enzyme, that is encoded by the Cdk5 gene. It was discovered 15 years ago, and it is saliently expressed in post-mitotic central nervous system neurons (CNS).
The molecule belongs ...
(CDK5); the activation of CDK5 is required for proper development of the central nervous system. The p35 form of this protein is proteolytically cleaved by
calpain
A calpain (; , ) is a protein belonging to the family of calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases (protease, proteolytic enzymes) expressed ubiquitously in mammals and many other organisms. Calpains constitute the C2 family of proteas ...
, generating a p25 form. The cleavage of p35 into p25 results in relocalization of the protein from the cell periphery to nuclear and perinuclear regions. P25 deregulates CDK5 activity by prolonging its activation and changing its cellular location. The p25 form accumulates in the brain neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This accumulation correlates with an increase in CDK5 kinase activity, and may lead to aberrantly phosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau, which contributes to
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegeneration, neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in short-term me ...
.
In melanocytic cells CDK5R1 gene expression may be regulated by
MITF
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor also known as class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 32 or bHLHe32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MITF'' gene.
MITF is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor ...
.
Interactions
CDK5R1 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with:
*
Actinin, alpha 1
Alpha-actinin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ACTN1'' gene.
Function
Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins an ...
*
Amphiphysin
Amphiphysin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AMPH'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a protein associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. A subset of patients with stiff person syndrome who were also affected ...
,
*
Beta-catenin
Catenin beta-1, also known as beta-catenin (β-catenin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CTNNB1'' gene.
Beta-catenin is a dual function protein, involved in regulation and coordination of cell–cell adhesion and gene transcripti ...
,
*
CAMK2A,
*
CDK5RAP2,
*
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a protein, and more specifically an enzyme, that is encoded by the Cdk5 gene. It was discovered 15 years ago, and it is saliently expressed in post-mitotic central nervous system neurons (CNS).
The molecule belongs ...
,
*
Protein SET
Protein SET, also known as Protein SET 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SET'' gene.
Interactions
Protein SET has been shown to interact with:
* Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A,
* CDK5R1,
* KLF5 ...
,
See also
*
CDK5RAP1
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CDK5RAP2
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CDK5RAP3
References
Further reading
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External links
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{{PDB Gallery, geneid=8851